A Cheerful Season—Cheerful Songs

Nikolai Nekrasov (1821–1878) · 1917

iambic trimeter · 132 lines · from Who Can Be Happy and Free in Russia?

The feast was continuedTill morning--a splendid,A wonderful feast!Then the people dispersingWent home, and our peasantsLay down 'neath the willow;Iona--meek pilgrimOf God--slept there too.And Sava and Grisha,The sons of the deacon,Went home, with their parentUnsteady between them.They sang; and their voices,Like bells on the Volga,So loud and so tuneful,Came chiming together:

"Praise to the heroBringing the nationPeace and salvation!

"That which will surelyBanish the nightHe has awarded--Freedom and Light!

"Praise to the heroBringing the nationPeace and salvation!

"Blessings from Heaven,Grace from above,Rained on the battle,Conquered by Love.

"Little we ask Thee--Grant us, O Lord,Strength to be honest,Fearing Thy word!

"Brotherly living,Sharing in part,That is the roadwayStraight to the heart.

"Turn from that teachingTender and wise--Cowards and traitorsSoon will arise.

"People of Russia,Banish the night!You have been grantedThat which is needful--Freedom and Light!"

The deacon was poorAs the poorest of peasants:A mean little cottageLike two narrow cages,The one with an ovenWhich smoked, and the otherFor use in the summer,--Such was his abode.No horse he possessedAnd no cow. He had once hadA dog and a cat,But they'd both of them left him.

His sons put him safelyTo bed, snoring loudly;Then Savushka openedA book, while his brotherWent out, and awayTo the fields and the forest.

A broad-shouldered youthWas this Grisha; his face, though,Was terribly thin.In the clerical collegeThe students got littleTo eat. Sometimes GrishaWould lie the whole nightWithout sleep; only longingFor morning and breakfast,--The coarse piece of breadAnd the glassful of sbeeten.The village was poorAnd the food there was scanty,But still, the two brothersGrew certainly plumperWhen home for the holidays--Thanks to the peasants.

The boys would repay themBy all in their power,By work, or by doingTheir little commissionsIn town. Though the deaconWas proud of his children,He never had givenMuch thought to their feeding.Himself, the poor deacon,Was endlessly hungry,His principal thoughtWas the manner of gettingThe next piece of food.He was rather light-mindedAnd vexed himself little;But Dyomna, his wife,Had been different entirely:She worried and counted,So God took her soon.The whole of her lifeShe by salt had been troubled:If bread has run shortOne can ask of the neighbours;But salt, which means money,Is hard to obtain.The village with DyomnaHad shared its bread freely;And long, long agoWould her two little childrenHave lain in the churchyardIf not for the peasants.

And Dyomna was readyTo work without ceasingFor all who had helped her;But salt was her trouble,Her thought, ever present.She dreamt of it, sang of it,Sleeping and waking,While washing, while spinning,At work in the fields,While rocking her darlingHer favourite, Grisha.And many years afterThe death of his mother,His heart would grow heavyAnd sad, when the peasantsRemembered one song,And would sing it togetherAs Dyomna had sung it;They called it "The Salt Song."

Words in this poem

went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
tuneful a.
Harmonious; melodious; musical; as, tuneful notes.
roadway n.
A road; especially, the part traveled by carriages.
needful a.
Full of need; in need or want; needy; distressing.
abode n.
Act of waiting; delay. [OE. abad, abood, fr. abiden to abide. See Abide. For the change of vowel, cf. abode, imp. of abide.]
glassful a.
Glassy; shining like glass.
plumper n.
One who, or that which, plumps or swells out something else; hence, something carried in the mouth to distend the cheeks.
endlessly adv.
In an endless manner.
churchyard n.
The ground adjoining a church, in which the dead are buried; a cemetery.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

A Cheerful Season—Cheerful Songs is in the public domain. This text is taken from Who Can Be Happy and Free in Russia?, Project Gutenberg ebook #9619; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Nikolai Nekrasov, A Cheerful Season—Cheerful Songs, in Who Can Be Happy and Free in Russia? (1917), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #9619, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/nekrasov-who-can-be-happy/a-cheerful-season-cheerful-songs.html, id L25522.

Form and metre

A Cheerful Season—Cheerful Songs is 132 lines in 14 stanzas. The metre is iambic trimeter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 81%).

See other poems in iambic trimeter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 2 -AA hero · nationA · salvationA
  2. 3 -A-A surely · nightA · awarded · lightA
  3. 4 -AA hero · nationA · salvationA
  4. 5 -A-A heaven · aboveA · battle · loveA
  5. 7 -A-A living · partA · roadway · heartA
  6. 8 -AAA teaching · wiseA · traitorsA · ariseA
  7. 9 -A--A russia · nightA · granted · needful · lightA
  8. 12 -------------A-A- youth · though · thin · college · little · grisha · night · longing · breakfast · bread · sbeeten · poor · scanty · brothersA · plumper · holidaysA · peasants
  9. 13 ------------AA-B---B----C---C-- them · power · doing · commissions · deacon · children · given · feeding · deacon · hungry · thought · getting · foodA · mindedA · little · wifeB · entirely · counted · soon · lifeB · troubled · short · neighbours · money · obtainC · dyomna · freely · ago · childrenC · churchyard · peasants
  10. 14 -----A---------B-AB ready · ceasing · her · trouble · present · itA · waking · spinning · fields · darling · grisha · after · mother · heavy · peasants · songB · together · itA · songB
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic trimeter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
The feast was continued6···˘/˘
Till morning--a splendid,6·/˘·/˘
A wonderful feast!5·/˘˘·
Then the people dispersing7··/˘˘/˘
Went home, and our peasants7···/˘/˘
Lay down 'neath the willow;6····/·
Iona--meek pilgrim6˘/˘·/˘
Of God--slept there too.5·····
And Sava and Grisha,6·/˘···
The sons of the deacon,6····/˘
Went home, with their parent6····/˘
Unsteady between them.6˘/˘···
They sang; and their voices,6····/˘
Like bells on the Volga,6····/˘
So loud and so tuneful,6····/˘
Came chiming together:6·/˘˘/˘
"Praise to the hero5···/˘
Bringing the nation5/˘·/˘
Peace and salvation!5··˘/˘
"That which will surely5···/˘
Banish the night4/˘··
He has awarded--5··˘/˘
Freedom and Light!4/˘··
"Praise to the hero5···/˘
Bringing the nation5/˘·/˘
Peace and salvation!5··˘/˘
"Blessings from Heaven,5/˘·/˘
Grace from above,4····
Rained on the battle,6·˘··/˘
Conquered by Love.5/˘˘··
"Little we ask Thee--5/˘···
Grant us, O Lord,4····
Strength to be honest,5···/˘
Fearing Thy word!4/˘··
"Brotherly living,5/˘˘/˘
Sharing in part,4/˘··
That is the roadway5···/·
Straight to the heart.4····
"Turn from that teaching5···/˘
Tender and wise--4/˘··
Cowards and traitors5/˘·/˘
Soon will arise.4··˘/
"People of Russia,5/˘·/˘
Banish the night!4/˘··
You have been granted5···/˘
That which is needful--5···/˘
Freedom and Light!"4/˘··
The deacon was poor5·/˘··
As the poorest of peasants:7··/˘·/˘
A mean little cottage6··/˘/˘
Like two narrow cages,6··/˘/˘
The one with an oven6····/˘
Which smoked, and the other6····/˘
For use in the summer,--6····/˘
Such was his abode.5···˘/
No horse he possessed6···˘/˘
And no cow. He had once had7·······
A dog and a cat,5·····
But they'd both of them left him.7·······
His sons put him safely6····/˘
To bed, snoring loudly;6··/˘/˘
Then Savushka opened6····/˘
A book, while his brother6····/˘
Went out, and away5···˘/
To the fields and the forest.7·····/˘
A broad-shouldered youth6··/˘˘·
Was this Grisha; his face, though,7·······
Was terribly thin.5·/˘˘·
In the clerical college7··/˘˘/˘
The students got little6·/˘·/˘
To eat. Sometimes Grisha6··˘/··
Would lie the whole night5·····
Without sleep; only longing7···/˘/˘
For morning and breakfast,--6·/˘·/˘
The coarse piece of bread5·····
And the glassful of sbeeten.7··/˘···
The village was poor5·/˘··
And the food there was scanty,7·····/˘
But still, the two brothers6····/˘
Grew certainly plumper6·/˘˘/˘
When home for the holidays--7····/˘·
Thanks to the peasants.5···/˘
The boys would repay them6···˘/·
By all in their power,6····/˘
By work, or by doing6····/˘
Their little commissions6·/˘˘/˘
In town. Though the deacon6····/˘
Was proud of his children,6····/˘
He never had given6·/˘·/˘
Much thought to their feeding.6····/˘
Himself, the poor deacon,6˘/··/˘
Was endlessly hungry,6·/˘˘/˘
His principal thought5·/˘˘·
Was the manner of getting7··/˘·/˘
The next piece of food.5·····
He was rather light-minded7··/˘·/˘
And vexed himself little;6··˘//˘
But Dyomna, his wife,5·····
Had been different entirely:7··/˘˘/˘
She worried and counted,6·/˘·/˘
So God took her soon.5·····
The whole of her life5·····
She by salt had been troubled:7·····/˘
If bread has run short5·····
One can ask of the neighbours;7·····/˘
But salt, which means money,6····/˘
Is hard to obtain.5···˘/
The village with Dyomna6·/˘···
Had shared its bread freely;6····/˘
And long, long ago5···˘/
Would her two little children7···/˘/˘
Have lain in the churchyard6····/·
If not for the peasants.6····/˘
And Dyomna was ready6····/˘
To work without ceasing6····/˘
For all who had helped her;6······
But salt was her trouble,6····/˘
Her thought, ever present.6··/˘/˘
She dreamt of it, sang of it,7·······
Sleeping and waking,5/˘·/˘
While washing, while spinning,6·/˘·/˘
At work in the fields,5·····
While rocking her darling6·/˘·/˘
Her favourite, Grisha.6······
And many years after6·/˘···
The death of his mother,6····/˘
His heart would grow heavy6····/˘
And sad, when the peasants6····/˘
Remembered one song,6˘/˘˘··
And would sing it together7····˘/˘
As Dyomna had sung it;6······
They called it "The Salt Song."6······
Notes from the edition 3

The translator's own notes to Who Can Be Happy and Free in Russia? (Project Gutenberg #9619).

  1. Stanza 3, line 3 Alexander II., who gave emancipation to the peasants.
  2. Stanza 12, line 11 A popular Russian drink composed of hot water and honey.
  3. Stanza 13, line 21 There was a very heavy tax laid upon salt at the time.

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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