Chapter I: The Wedding

Nikolai Nekrasov (1821–1878) · 1917

anapaestic dimeter · 283 lines · from Who Can Be Happy and Free in Russia?

"My girlhood was happy,For we were a thriftyArid diligent household;And I, the young maiden,With Father and MotherKnew nothing but joy.My father got upAnd went out before sunrise,He woke me with kissesAnd tender caresses;My brother, while dressing,Would sing little verses:'Get up, little Sister,Get up, little Sister,In no little beds nowAre people delaying,In all little churchesThe peasants are praying,Get up, now, get up,It is time, little Sister.The shepherd has goneTo the field with the sheep,And no little maidensAre lying asleep,They've gone to pick raspberries,Merrily singing.The sound of the axeIn the forest is ringing.'

"And then my dear mother,When she had done scouringThe pots and the pans,When the hut was put tidy,The bread in the oven,Would steal to my bedside,And cover me softlyAnd whisper to me:

"'Sleep on, little dove,Gather strength--you will need it--You will not stay alwaysWith Father and Mother,And when you will leave themTo live among strangersNot long will you sleep.You'll slave till past midnight,And rise before daybreak;You'll always be weary.They'll give you a basketAnd throw at the bottomA crust. You will chew it,My poor little dove,And start working again....'

"But, brothers, I did notSpend much time in sleeping;And when I was fiveOn the day of St. Simon,I mounted a horseWith the help of my father,And then was no longerA child. And at six yearsI carried my fatherHis breakfast already,And tended the ducks,And at night brought the cow home,And next--took my rake,And was off to the hayfields!And so by degreesI became a great worker,And yet best of allI loved singing and dancing;The whole day I workedIn the fields, and at nightfallReturned to the cottageAll covered with grime.But what's the hot bath for?And thanks to the bathAnd boughs of the birch-tree,And icy spring water,Again I was cleanAnd refreshed, and was readyTo take out my spinning-wheel,And with companionsTo sing half the night.

"I never ran afterThe youths, and the forwardI checked very sharply.To those who were gentleAnd shy, I would whisper:'My cheeks will grow hot,And sharp eyes has my mother;Be wise, now, and leave meAlone'--and they left me.

"No matter how cleverI was to avoid them,The one came at lastI was destined to wed;And he--to my bitterRegret--was a stranger:Young Philip Korchagin,A builder of ovens.He came from St. Petersburg.Oh, how my motherDid weep: 'Like a fishIn the ocean, my daughter,You'll plunge and be lost;Like a nightingale, strayingAway from its nest,We shall lose you, my daughter!The walls of the strangerAre not built of sugar,Are not spread with honey,Their dwellings are chillyAnd garnished with hunger;The cold winds will nip you,The black rooks will scold you,The savage dogs bite you,The strangers despise you.'

"But Father sat talkingAnd drinking till lateWith the 'swat.' I was frightened.I slept not all night....

"Oh, youth, pray you, tell me,Now what can you findIn the maiden to please you?And where have you seen her?Perhaps in the sledgesWith merry young friendsFlying down from the mountain?Then you were mistaken,O son of your father,It was but the frostAnd the speed and the laughterThat brought the bright tintsTo the cheeks of the maiden.Perhaps at some feastIn the home of a neighbourYou saw her rejoicingAnd clad in bright colours?But then she was plumpFrom her rest in the winter;Her rosy face bloomedLike the scarlet-hued poppy;But wait!--have you beenTo the hut of her fatherAnd seen her at workBeating flax in the barn?Ah, what shall I do?I will take brother falconAnd send him to town:'Fly to town, brother falcon,And bring me some clothAnd six colours of worsted,And tassels of blue.I will make a fine curtain,Embroider each cornerWith Tsar and Tsaritsa,With Moscow and Kiev,And Constantinople,And set the great sunShining bright in the middle,And this I will hangIn the front of my window:Perhaps you will see it,And, struck by its beauty,Will stand and admire it,And will not rememberTo seek for the maiden....'

"And so till the morningI lay with such thoughts.'Now, leave me, young fellow,'I said to the youthWhen he came in the evening;'I will not be foolishEnough to abandonMy freedom in orderTo enter your service.God sees me--I will notDepart from my home!'

"'Do come,' said young Philip,'So far have I travelledTo fetch you. Don't fear me--I will not ill-treat you.'I begged him to leave me,I wept and lamented;But neverthelessI was still a young maiden:I did not forgetSidelong glances to castAt the youth who thus wooed me.And Philip was handsome,Was rosy and lusty,Was strong and broad-shouldered,With fair curling hair,With a voice low and tender....Ah, well ... I was won....

"'Come here, pretty fellow,And stand up against me,Look deep in my eyes--They are clear eyes and truthful;Look well at my rosyYoung face, and bethink you:Will you not regret it,Won't my heart be broken,And shall I not weepDay and night if I trust youAnd go with you, leavingMy parents forever?'

"'Don't fear, little pigeon,We shall not regret it,'Said Philip, but stillI was timid and doubtful.'Do go,' murmured I, and he,'When you come with me.'Of course I was fairerAnd sweeter and dearerThan any that lived,And his arms were about me....Then all of a suddenI made a sharp effortTo wrench myself free.'How now? What's the matter?You're strong, little pigeon!'Said Philip astonished,But still held me tight.'Ah, Philip, if you hadNot held me so firmlyYou would not have won me;I did it to try you,To measure your strength;You were strong, and it pleased me.'We must have been happyIn those fleeting momentsWhen softly we whisperedAnd argued together;I think that we neverWere happy again....

"How well I remember....The night was like this night,Was starlit and silent ...Was dreamy and tenderLike this...."

And the woman,Matrona, sighed deeply,And softly began--Leaning back on the haystack--To sing to herselfWith her thoughts in the past:

"'Tell me, young merchant, pray,Why do you love me so--Poor peasant's daughter?I am not clad in gold,I am not hung with pearls,Not decked with silver.'

"'Silver your chastity,Golden your beauty shines,O my beloved,White pearls are falling nowOut of your weeping eyes,Falling like tear-drops.'

"My father gave ordersTo bring forth the wine-cups,To set them all outOn the solid oak table.My dear mother blessed me:'Go, serve them, my daughter,Bow low to the strangers.'I bowed for the first time,My knees shook and trembled;I bowed for the second--My face had turned white;And then for the third timeI bowed, and foreverThe freedom of girlhoodRolled down from my head...."

"Ah, that means a wedding,"Cry both brothers Goobin,"Let's drink to the healthOf the happy young pair!"

"Well said! We'll beginWith the bride," say the others.

"Will you drink some vodka,Matrona Korchagin?"

"An old woman, brothers,And not drink some vodka?"

Words in this poem 23
girlhood n.
State or time of being a girl.
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
bedside n.
The side of a bed.
daybreak n.
The time of the first appearance of light in the morning.
nightfall n.
The close of the day.
grime n.
Foul matter; dirt, rubbed in; sullying blackness, deeply ingrained. [Cf. Dan. grim, griim, lampblack, soot, grime, Icel. gr mask, sort of hood, OD. grijmsel, grimsel, soot, smut, and E. grimace.]
avoid v. t.
To empty. Wyclif. [OF. esvuidier, es (L. ex) + vuidier, voidier, to empty. See Void, a.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
despise v. t.
To look down upon with disfavor or contempt; to contemn; to scorn; to disdain; to have a low opinion or contemptuous dislike of. [OF. despis-, in some forms of despire to despise, fr. L. despicere, despectum, to look down upon, despise; de- + spicere, specere, to look. See Spy, and cf. Des]
neighbour v. i.
To dwell in the vicinity; to be a neighbor, or in the neighborhood; to be near.
clad v.
To clothe. Holland.
tsar n.
The title of the emperor of Russia. See Czar.
tsaritsa n.
The title of the empress of Russia. See Czarina. [Russ. tsaritsa. Cf. Czarina.]
admire v. t.
To regard with wonder or astonishment; to view with surprise; to marvel at. [F. admirer, fr. L. admirari; ad + mirari to wonder, for smirari, akin to Gr. smi, and E. smile.]
depart v. i.
To part; to divide; to separate. [OE. departen to divide, part, depart, F. départir to divide, distribute, se départir to separate one's self, depart; pref. dé- (L. de) + partir to part, depart,]
lamented a.
Mourned for; bewailed.
sidelong adv.
Laterally; obliquely; in the direction of the side. [See Sideling, adv.]
wrench n.
Trick; deceit; fraud; stratagem. [OE. wrench deceit, AS. wrenc deceit, a twisting; akin to G. rank intrigue, crookedness, renken to bend, twist, and E. wring. Wring, and cf. Ranch, v. t.]
starlit a.
Lighted by the stars; starlight.
dreamy a.
Abounding in dreams or given to dreaming; appropriate to, or like, dreams; visionary.
haystack n.
A stack or conical pile of hay in the open air.
shook v. t.
To pack, as staves, in a shook.
vodka n.
A Russian drink distilled from rye. [Russ.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Chapter I: The Wedding is in the public domain. This text is taken from Who Can Be Happy and Free in Russia?, Project Gutenberg ebook #9619; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Nikolai Nekrasov, Chapter I: The Wedding, in Who Can Be Happy and Free in Russia? (1917), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #9619, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/nekrasov-who-can-be-happy/chapter-i-the-wedding.html, id L25506.

Form and metre

Chapter I: The Wedding is 283 lines in 21 stanzas. The metre is anapaestic dimeter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 84%).

See other poems in anapaestic dimeter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ------ABBB-BCC-D-DAC-E-E-F-F happy · thrifty · household · maiden · mother · joy · upA · sunriseB · kissesB · caressesB · dressing · versesB · sisterC · sisterC · now · delayingD · churches · prayingD · upA · sisterC · gone · sheepE · maidens · asleepE · raspberries · singingF · axe · ringingF
  2. 3 ABC--C-D--D-BA- doveA · itB · alwaysC · mother · them · strangersC · sleep · midnightD · daybreak · weary · basketD · bottom · itB · doveA · again
  3. 4 ----------------A--A----------- not · sleeping · five · simon · horse · father · longer · years · father · already · ducks · home · rake · hayfields · degrees · worker · allA · dancing · worked · nightfallA · cottage · grime · for · bath · tree · water · clean · ready · wheel · companions · night
  4. 5 -------AA after · forward · sharply · gentle · whisper · hot · mother · meA · meA
  5. 6 --A--B-----CA--CB----DDDD clever · them · lastA · wed · bitter · strangerB · korchagin · ovens · petersburg · mother · fish · daughterC · lostA · straying · nest · daughterC · strangerB · sugar · honey · chilly · hunger · youD · youD · youD · youD
  6. 8 --------------------------AAA----------------- me · find · you · her · sledges · friends · mountain · mistaken · father · frost · laughter · tints · maiden · feast · neighbour · rejoicing · colours · plump · winter · bloomed · poppy · been · father · work · barn · do · falconA · townA · falconA · cloth · worsted · blue · curtain · corner · tsaritsa · kiev · constantinople · sun · middle · hang · window · it · beauty · it · remember · maiden
  7. 10 --A-A-----A------ philip · travelled · meA · you · meA · lamented · nevertheless · maiden · forget · cast · meA · handsome · lusty · shouldered · hair · tender · won
  8. 11 -----A---A-- fellow · me · eyes · truthful · rosy · youA · it · broken · weep · youA · leaving · forever
  9. 12 A-BBCC---C--C-A----C--C------ pigeonA · it · stillB · doubtfulB · heC · meC · fairer · dearer · lived · meC · sudden · effort · freeC · matter · pigeonA · astonished · tight · had · firmly · meC · you · strength · meC · happy · moments · whispered · together · never · again
  10. 14 A-A--- womanA · deeply · beganA · haystack · herself · past
  11. 17 -------A---A--- orders · cups · out · table · me · daughter · strangers · timeA · trembled · second · white · timeA · forever · girlhood · head
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against anapaestic dimeter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
"My girlhood was happy,6·/··/˘
For we were a thrifty6····/˘
Arid diligent household;6/˘/˘/·
And I, the young maiden,6····/˘
With Father and Mother6·/˘·/˘
Knew nothing but joy.5·/˘··
My father got up5·/˘··
And went out before sunrise,7·····/·
He woke me with kisses6····/˘
And tender caresses;6·/˘˘/˘
My brother, while dressing,6·/˘·/˘
Would sing little verses:6··/˘/˘
'Get up, little Sister,6··/˘/˘
Get up, little Sister,6··/˘/˘
In no little beds now6··/˘··
Are people delaying,6·/˘˘/˘
In all little churches6··/˘/˘
The peasants are praying,6·/˘·/˘
Get up, now, get up,5·····
It is time, little Sister.7···/˘/˘
The shepherd has gone5·/˘··
To the field with the sheep,6······
And no little maidens6··/˘/˘
Are lying asleep,5·/˘˘/
They've gone to pick raspberries,7····/·˘
Merrily singing.5/˘˘/˘
The sound of the axe5·····
In the forest is ringing.'7··/˘·/˘
"And then my dear mother,6····/˘
When she had done scouring7····/˘˘
The pots and the pans,5·····
When the hut was put tidy,7·····/˘
The bread in the oven,6····/˘
Would steal to my bedside,6····/·
And cover me softly6·/˘·/˘
And whisper to me:5·/˘··
"'Sleep on, little dove,5··/˘·
Gather strength--you will need it--7/˘·····
You will not stay always6····/·
With Father and Mother,6·/˘·/˘
And when you will leave them6······
To live among strangers6····/˘
Not long will you sleep.5·····
You'll slave till past midnight,6····/·
And rise before daybreak;6····/·
You'll always be weary.6·/··/˘
They'll give you a basket6····/˘
And throw at the bottom6····/˘
A crust. You will chew it,6······
My poor little dove,5··/˘·
And start working again....'6··/˘˘/
"But, brothers, I did not6·/˘···
Spend much time in sleeping;6····/˘
And when I was five5·····
On the day of St. Simon,7·····/˘
I mounted a horse5·/˘··
With the help of my father,7·····/˘
And then was no longer6····/˘
A child. And at six years6······
I carried my father6·/˘·/˘
His breakfast already,6·/˘˘/˘
And tended the ducks,5·/˘··
And at night brought the cow home,7·······
And next--took my rake,5·····
And was off to the hayfields!7·····/·
And so by degrees5···˘/
I became a great worker,7·˘/··/˘
And yet best of all5·····
I loved singing and dancing;7··/˘·/˘
The whole day I worked6·····˘
In the fields, and at nightfall7·····/·
Returned to the cottage6˘/··/˘
All covered with grime.6·/˘˘··
But what's the hot bath for?6······
And thanks to the bath5·····
And boughs of the birch-tree,6······
And icy spring water,6·/˘·/˘
Again I was clean5˘/···
And refreshed, and was ready7·˘/··/˘
To take out my spinning-wheel,7····/˘·
And with companions5··˘/˘
To sing half the night.5·····
"I never ran after6·/˘···
The youths, and the forward6····/˘
I checked very sharply.6··/˘/˘
To those who were gentle6····/˘
And shy, I would whisper:6····/˘
'My cheeks will grow hot,5·····
And sharp eyes has my mother;7·····/˘
Be wise, now, and leave me6······
Alone'--and they left me.6˘/····
"No matter how clever6·/˘·/˘
I was to avoid them,6···˘/·
The one came at last5·····
I was destined to wed;6··/˘··
And he--to my bitter6····/˘
Regret--was a stranger:6˘/··/˘
Young Philip Korchagin,6·/˘···
A builder of ovens.6·/˘·/˘
He came from St. Petersburg.7····/˘˘
Oh, how my mother5···/˘
Did weep: 'Like a fish5·····
In the ocean, my daughter,7··/˘·/˘
You'll plunge and be lost;5·····
Like a nightingale, straying7··/˘˘/˘
Away from its nest,5˘/···
We shall lose you, my daughter!7·····/˘
The walls of the stranger6····/˘
Are not built of sugar,6····/˘
Are not spread with honey,6····/˘
Their dwellings are chilly6·/˘·/˘
And garnished with hunger;6·/˘·/˘
The cold winds will nip you,6······
The black rooks will scold you,6······
The savage dogs bite you,6·/˘···
The strangers despise you.'6·/˘˘/·
"But Father sat talking6·/˘·/˘
And drinking till late5·/˘··
With the 'swat.' I was frightened.7·····/˘
I slept not all night....5·····
"Oh, youth, pray you, tell me,6······
Now what can you find5·····
In the maiden to please you?7··/˘···
And where have you seen her?6······
Perhaps in the sledges6˘/··/˘
With merry young friends5·/˘··
Flying down from the mountain?7/˘···/˘
Then you were mistaken,6···˘/˘
O son of your father,6····/˘
It was but the frost5·····
And the speed and the laughter7·····/˘
That brought the bright tints5·····
To the cheeks of the maiden.7·····/˘
Perhaps at some feast5˘/···
In the home of a neighbour7·····/˘
You saw her rejoicing6···˘/˘
And clad in bright colours?6····/˘
But then she was plump5·····
From her rest in the winter;7·····/˘
Her rosy face bloomed6·/˘··˘
Like the scarlet-hued poppy;7··/˘·/˘
But wait!--have you been5·····
To the hut of her father7·····/˘
And seen her at work5·····
Beating flax in the barn?6/˘····
Ah, what shall I do?5·····
I will take brother falcon7···/˘/˘
And send him to town:5·····
'Fly to town, brother falcon,7···/˘/˘
And bring me some cloth5·····
And six colours of worsted,7··/˘·/˘
And tassels of blue.5·/˘··
I will make a fine curtain,7·····/˘
Embroider each corner6˘/˘·/˘
With Tsar and Tsaritsa,6······
With Moscow and Kiev,6·/···/
And Constantinople,6··˘˘/˘
And set the great sun5·····
Shining bright in the middle,7/˘···/˘
And this I will hang5·····
In the front of my window:7·····/˘
Perhaps you will see it,6˘/····
And, struck by its beauty,6····/˘
Will stand and admire it,6···˘/·
And will not remember6···˘/˘
To seek for the maiden....'6····/˘
"And so till the morning6····/˘
I lay with such thoughts.5·····
'Now, leave me, young fellow,'6····/˘
I said to the youth5·····
When he came in the evening;7·····/˘
'I will not be foolish6····/˘
Enough to abandon6˘/·˘/˘
My freedom in order6·/˘·/˘
To enter your service.6·/˘·/˘
God sees me--I will not6······
Depart from my home!'5˘/···
"'Do come,' said young Philip,6····/˘
'So far have I travelled6····/˘
To fetch you. Don't fear me--6······
I will not ill-treat you.'6······
I begged him to leave me,6······
I wept and lamented;6···˘/˘
But nevertheless5··˘˘/
I was still a young maiden:7·····/˘
I did not forget5···˘/
Sidelong glances to cast6/˘/˘··
At the youth who thus wooed me.7·······
And Philip was handsome,6·/˘·/˘
Was rosy and lusty,6·/˘·/˘
Was strong and broad-shouldered,6····/˘
With fair curling hair,5··/˘·
With a voice low and tender....7·····/˘
Ah, well ... I was won....5·····
"'Come here, pretty fellow,6··/˘/˘
And stand up against me,6······
Look deep in my eyes--5·····
They are clear eyes and truthful;7·····/˘
Look well at my rosy6····/˘
Young face, and bethink you:6···˘/·
Will you not regret it,6···˘/·
Won't my heart be broken,6····/˘
And shall I not weep5·····
Day and night if I trust you7·······
And go with you, leaving6····/˘
My parents forever?'6·/˘˘/˘
"'Don't fear, little pigeon,6··/˘/˘
We shall not regret it,'6···˘/·
Said Philip, but still5·/˘··
I was timid and doubtful.7··/˘·/˘
'Do go,' murmured I, and he,7··/˘···
'When you come with me.'5·····
Of course I was fairer6····/˘
And sweeter and dearer6·/˘·/˘
Than any that lived,6·/˘··˘
And his arms were about me....7·······
Then all of a sudden6····/˘
I made a sharp effort6····/˘
To wrench myself free.5···/·
'How now? What's the matter?6····/˘
You're strong, little pigeon!'6··/˘/˘
Said Philip astonished,6·/˘˘/˘
But still held me tight.5·····
'Ah, Philip, if you had6·/˘···
Not held me so firmly6····/˘
You would not have won me;6······
I did it to try you,6······
To measure your strength;5·/˘··
You were strong, and it pleased me.'7·······
We must have been happy6····/˘
In those fleeting moments6··/˘/˘
When softly we whispered6·/˘·/˘
And argued together;6·/˘˘/˘
I think that we never6····/˘
Were happy again....5·/˘˘/
"How well I remember....6···˘/˘
The night was like this night,6······
Was starlit and silent ...6·/˘·/˘
Was dreamy and tender6·/˘·/˘
Like this...."2··
And the woman,4··/˘
Matrona, sighed deeply,6····/˘
And softly began--5·/˘˘/
Leaning back on the haystack--7/˘···/·
To sing to herself5···˘/
With her thoughts in the past:6······
"'Tell me, young merchant, pray,6···/˘·
Why do you love me so--6······
Poor peasant's daughter?5·/˘/˘
I am not clad in gold,6······
I am not hung with pearls,6······
Not decked with silver.'6··˘·/˘
"'Silver your chastity,6/˘·/˘˘
Golden your beauty shines,6/˘·/˘·
O my beloved,5··˘/˘
White pearls are falling now6···/˘·
Out of your weeping eyes,6···/˘·
Falling like tear-drops.'5/˘···
"My father gave orders6·/˘·/˘
To bring forth the wine-cups,6······
To set them all out5·····
On the solid oak table.7··/˘·/˘
My dear mother blessed me:6··/˘··
'Go, serve them, my daughter,6····/˘
Bow low to the strangers.'6····/˘
I bowed for the first time,6······
My knees shook and trembled;6····/˘
I bowed for the second--6····/˘
My face had turned white;6····˘·
And then for the third time6······
I bowed, and forever6···˘/˘
The freedom of girlhood6·/˘·/·
Rolled down from my head...."6·˘····
"Ah, that means a wedding,"6····/˘
Cry both brothers Goobin,6··/˘··
"Let's drink to the health5·····
Of the happy young pair!"6··/˘··
"Well said! We'll begin5···˘/
With the bride," say the others.7·····/˘
"Will you drink some vodka,6····/˘
Matrona Korchagin?"6······
"An old woman, brothers,6··/˘/˘
And not drink some vodka?"6····/˘
Notes from the edition 1

The translator's own notes to Who Can Be Happy and Free in Russia? (Project Gutenberg #9619).

  1. Stanza 7, line 3 The marriage agent.

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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