Cassandra
CAPTIVE on a foreign shore,Far from Ilion’s hoary wave,Agamemnon’s bridal slaveSpeaks Futurity no more:Death is busy with her grave.
Thick as water, bursts remoteRound her ears the alien din,While her little sullen chinFills the hollows of her throat:Silent lie her slaughter’d kin.
Once to many a pealing shriek,Lo, from Ilion’s topmost tower,Ilion’s fierce prophetic flowerCried the coming of the Greek!Black in Hades sits the hour.
Eyeing phantoms of the Past,Folded like a prophet’s scroll,In the deep’s long shoreward rollHere she sees the anchor cast:Backward moves her sunless soul.
Chieftains, brethren of her joy,Shades, the white light in their eyesSlanting to her lips, arise,Crowding quick the plains of Troy:Now they tell her not she lies.
O the bliss upon the plains,Where the joining heroes clashedShield and spear, and, unabashed,Challenged with hot chariot-reinsGods!—they glimmer ocean-washed.
Alien voices round the ships,Thick as water, shouting Home.Argives, pale as midnight foam,Wax before her awful lips:White as stars that front the gloom.
Like a torch-flame that by dayUp the daylight twists, and, pale,Catches air in leaps that fail,Crushed by the inveterate ray,Through her shines the Ten-Years’ Tale.
Once to many a pealing shriek,Lo, from Ilion’s topmost tower,Ilion’s fierce prophetic flowerCried the coming of the Greek!Black in Hades sits the hour.
Still upon her sunless soulGleams the narrow hidden spaceForward, where her fiery raceFalters on its ashen goal:Still the Future strikes her face.
See toward the conqueror’s carStep the purple Queen whose hateWraps red-armed her royal mateWith his Asian tempest-star:Now Cassandra views her Fate.
King of men! the blinded hostShout:—she lifts her brooding chin:Glad along the joyous dinSmiles the grand majestic ghost:Clytemnestra leads him in.
Lo, their smoky limbs aloof,Shadowing heaven and the seas,Fates and Furies, tangling Threes,Tear and mix above the roof:Fates and fierce Eumenides.
Is the prophetess with rodsBeaten, that she writhes in air?With the Gods who never spare,Wrestling with the unsparing Gods,Lone, her body struggles there.
Like the snaky torch-flame white,Levelled as aloft it twists,She, her soaring arms, and wristsDrooping, struggles with the light,Helios, bright above all mists!
In his orb she sees the tower,Dusk against its flaming rims,Where of old her wretched limbsTwisted with the stolen power:Ilium all the lustre dims!
O the bliss upon the plains,Where the joining heroes clashedShield and spear, and, unabashed,Challenged with hot chariot-reinsGods!—they glimmer ocean-washed.
Thrice the Sun-god’s name she calls;Shrieks the deed that shames the sky;Like a fountain leaping high,Falling as a fountain falls:Lo, the blazing wheels go by!
Captive on a foreign shore,Far from Ilion’s hoary wave,Agamemnon’s bridal slaveSpeaks Futurity no more:Death is busy with her grave.
Words in this poem 17
- hoary a.
- White or whitish."The hoary willows."
- futurity n.
- State of being that is yet to come; future state.
- sullen a.
- Lonely; solitary; desolate. Wyclif (Job iii. 14). [OE. solein, solain, lonely, sullen; through Old French fr. (assumed) LL. solanus solitary, fr. L. solus alone. See Sole, a.]
- shoreward adv.
- Toward the shore.
- sunless a.
- Destitute or deprived of the sun or its rays; shaded; shadowed.
- daylight n.
- The light of day as opposed to the darkness of night; the light of the sun, as opposed to that of the moon or to artificial light.
- inveterate a.
- Old; long-established. [L. inveteratus, p. p. of inveterare to render old; pref. in- in + vetus, veteris, old. See Veteran.]
- ashen a.
- Of or pertaining to the ash tree. [See Ash, the tree.]
- asian a.
- Of or pertaining to Asia; Asiatic. [L. Asianus, Gr. Asia.]
- ghost n.
- The spirit; the soul of man. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gast breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
- shadowing n.
- Shade, or gradation of light and color; shading. Feltham.
- eumenides n.
- A euphemistic name for the Furies of Erinyes.
- prophetess n.
- A female prophet. [Cf. F. prophétesse, L. prophetissa.]
- unsparing a.
- Not sparing; not parsimonious; liberal; profuse. Burke. [Pref. un- not + sparing, p. pr. of spare.]
- lone n.
- A lane. See Loanin.
- snaky a.
- Of or pertaining to a snake or snakes; resembling a snake; serpentine; winding.
- lustre n.
- A period of five years; a lustrum. [L. lustrum: cf. F. lustre.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Cassandra is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems — Volume 1, Project Gutenberg ebook #1381; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: George Meredith, Cassandra, in Poems, Volume I (1851–1862), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #1381, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/meredith-poems/cassandra.html, id L13195.
Form and metre
Cassandra is 95 lines in 19 stanzas of 5 lines each. The rhyme scheme is ABBAB, complete in 15 of its 19 stanzas. The metre is trochaic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 93%). 94% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 7.2 syllables. 9 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 25% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in trochaic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 ABBAB shoreA · waveB · slaveB · moreA · graveB
- 2 ABBAB remoteA · dinB · chinB · throatA · kinB
- 3 ABBAB shriekA · towerB · flowerB · greekA · hourB
- 4 ABBAB pastA · scrollB · rollB · castA · soulB
- 5 ABBAB joyA · eyesB · ariseB · troyA · liesB
- 6 ABBA- plainsA · clashedB · unabashedB · reinsA · washed
- 7 ABBA- shipsA · homeB · foamB · lipsA · gloom
- 8 ABBAB dayA · paleB · failB · rayA · taleB
- 9 ABBAB shriekA · towerB · flowerB · greekA · hourB
- 10 ABBAB soulA · spaceB · raceB · goalA · faceB
- 11 ABBAB carA · hateB · mateB · starA · fateB
- 12 ABBAB hostA · chinB · dinB · ghostA · inB
- 13 ABBA- aloofA · seasB · threesB · roofA · eumenides
- 14 ABBAB rodsA · airB · spareB · godsA · thereB
- 15 ABBAB whiteA · twistsB · wristsB · lightA · mistsB
- 16 ABBAB towerA · rimsB · limbsB · powerA · dimsB
- 17 ABBA- plainsA · clashedB · unabashedB · reinsA · washed
- 18 ABBAB callsA · skyB · highB · fallsA · byB
- 19 ABBAB shoreA · waveB · slaveB · moreA · graveB
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against trochaic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| CAPTIVE on a foreign shore, | 7 | /˘··/˘· |
| Far from Ilion’s hoary wave, | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Agamemnon’s bridal slave | 7 | ·˘/·/˘· |
| Speaks Futurity no more: | 7 | ·˘/˘˘·· |
| Death is busy with her grave. | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Thick as water, bursts remote | 7 | ··/˘·˘/ |
| Round her ears the alien din, | 8 | ····/˘˘· |
| While her little sullen chin | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| Fills the hollows of her throat: | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Silent lie her slaughter’d kin. | 7 | /˘··/˘· |
| Once to many a pealing shriek, | 8 | ··/˘·/˘· |
| Lo, from Ilion’s topmost tower, | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| Ilion’s fierce prophetic flower | 8 | ···˘/˘/˘ |
| Cried the coming of the Greek! | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Black in Hades sits the hour. | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Eyeing phantoms of the Past, | 7 | /˘/˘··· |
| Folded like a prophet’s scroll, | 7 | /˘··/˘· |
| In the deep’s long shoreward roll | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Here she sees the anchor cast: | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Backward moves her sunless soul. | 7 | /˘··/˘· |
| Chieftains, brethren of her joy, | 7 | /˘/˘··· |
| Shades, the white light in their eyes | 7 | ······· |
| Slanting to her lips, arise, | 7 | /˘···˘/ |
| Crowding quick the plains of Troy: | 7 | /˘····· |
| Now they tell her not she lies. | 7 | ······· |
| O the bliss upon the plains, | 7 | ······· |
| Where the joining heroes clashed | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| Shield and spear, and, unabashed, | 7 | ·····˘/ |
| Challenged with hot chariot-reins | 9 | /˘˘··/˘˘· |
| Gods!—they glimmer ocean-washed. | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| Alien voices round the ships, | 8 | /˘˘/˘··· |
| Thick as water, shouting Home. | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| Argives, pale as midnight foam, | 7 | ····/·· |
| Wax before her awful lips: | 7 | ····/˘· |
| White as stars that front the gloom. | 7 | ······· |
| Like a torch-flame that by day | 7 | ······· |
| Up the daylight twists, and, pale, | 7 | ··/···· |
| Catches air in leaps that fail, | 7 | /˘····· |
| Crushed by the inveterate ray, | 9 | ·˘··˘/˘˘· |
| Through her shines the Ten-Years’ Tale. | 7 | ······· |
| Once to many a pealing shriek, | 8 | ··/˘·/˘· |
| Lo, from Ilion’s topmost tower, | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| Ilion’s fierce prophetic flower | 8 | ···˘/˘/˘ |
| Cried the coming of the Greek! | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Black in Hades sits the hour. | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Still upon her sunless soul | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Gleams the narrow hidden space | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| Forward, where her fiery race | 8 | /˘··/˘˘· |
| Falters on its ashen goal: | 7 | /˘··/˘· |
| Still the Future strikes her face. | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| See toward the conqueror’s car | 8 | ····/˘˘· |
| Step the purple Queen whose hate | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Wraps red-armed her royal mate | 7 | ····/˘· |
| With his Asian tempest-star: | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| Now Cassandra views her Fate. | 7 | ·˘/˘··· |
| King of men! the blinded host | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Shout:—she lifts her brooding chin: | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Glad along the joyous din | 7 | ·˘/·/˘· |
| Smiles the grand majestic ghost: | 7 | ···˘/˘· |
| Clytemnestra leads him in. | 7 | ······· |
| Lo, their smoky limbs aloof, | 7 | ··/˘·˘/ |
| Shadowing heaven and the seas, | 8 | /˘˘/˘··· |
| Fates and Furies, tangling Threes, | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| Tear and mix above the roof: | 7 | ······· |
| Fates and fierce Eumenides. | 7 | ···˘/˘˘ |
| Is the prophetess with rods | 7 | ··/˘˘·· |
| Beaten, that she writhes in air? | 7 | /˘····· |
| With the Gods who never spare, | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Wrestling with the unsparing Gods, | 8 | /˘··˘/˘· |
| Lone, her body struggles there. | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| Like the snaky torch-flame white, | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Levelled as aloft it twists, | 7 | /˘·˘/·· |
| She, her soaring arms, and wrists | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Drooping, struggles with the light, | 7 | /˘/˘··· |
| Helios, bright above all mists! | 8 | /˘······ |
| In his orb she sees the tower, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Dusk against its flaming rims, | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Where of old her wretched limbs | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Twisted with the stolen power: | 8 | /˘··/˘/˘ |
| Ilium all the lustre dims! | 8 | /˘˘··/˘· |
| O the bliss upon the plains, | 7 | ······· |
| Where the joining heroes clashed | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| Shield and spear, and, unabashed, | 7 | ·····˘/ |
| Challenged with hot chariot-reins | 9 | /˘˘··/˘˘· |
| Gods!—they glimmer ocean-washed. | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| Thrice the Sun-god’s name she calls; | 7 | ······· |
| Shrieks the deed that shames the sky; | 7 | ······· |
| Like a fountain leaping high, | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| Falling as a fountain falls: | 7 | /˘··/˘· |
| Lo, the blazing wheels go by! | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Captive on a foreign shore, | 7 | /˘··/˘· |
| Far from Ilion’s hoary wave, | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Agamemnon’s bridal slave | 7 | ·˘/·/˘· |
| Speaks Futurity no more: | 7 | ·˘/˘˘·· |
| Death is busy with her grave. | 7 | ··/˘··· |
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