Donelson

Herman Melville (1819–1891) · 1866

iambic tetrameter · 180 lines · from Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War

The bitter cupOf that hard countermandWhich gave the Envoys up,Still was wormwood in the mouth,And clouds involved the land,When, pelted by sleet in the icy street,About the bulletin-board a bandOf eager, anxious people met,And every wakeful heart was setOn latest news from West or South.“No seeing here,” cries one--“don’t crowd--”“You tall man, pray you, read aloud.”

We learn that General Grant,Marching from Henry overland,And joined by a force up the Cumberland sent(Some thirty thousand the command),On Wednesday a good position won--Began the siege of Donelson.

The stronghold crowns a river-bluff,A good broad mile of leveled top;Inland the ground rolls offDeep-gorged, and rocky, and broken up--A wilderness of trees and brush.The spaded summit shows the roodsOf fixed intrenchments in their hush;Breast-works and rifle-pits in woodsPerplex the base.--The welcome weatherIs clear and mild; ’tis much like May.The ancient boughs that lace togetherAlong the stream, and hang far forth,Strange with green mistletoe, betrayA dreamy contrast to the North.

Our troops are full of spirits--sayThe siege won’t prove a creeping one.They purpose not the lingering stayOf old beleaguerers; not that way;But, full of vim from Western prairies won,They’ll make, ere long, a dash at Donelson.

Washed by the storm till the paper grewEvery shade of a streaky blue,That bulletin stood. The next day broughtA second.

Grant’s investment is complete--A semicircular one.Both wings the Cumberland’s margin meet,Then, backwkard curving, clasp the rebel seat.On Wednesday this good work was done;But of the doers some lie prone.Each wood, each hill, each glen was fought for;The bold inclosing line we wrought forFlamed with sharpshooters. Each cliff costA limb or life. But back we forcedReserves and all; made good our hold;And so we rest.

Events unfold.On Thursday added ground was won,A long bold steep: we near the Den.Later the foe came shouting downIn sortie, which was quelled; and thenWe stormed them on their left.A chilly change in the afternoon;The sky, late clear, is now bereftOf sun. Last night the ground froze hard--Rings to the enemy as they runWithin their works. A ramrod bitesThe lip it meets. The cold incitesTo swinging of arms with brisk rebound.Smart blows ’gainst lusty chests resound.

Along the outer line we wardA crackle of skirmishing goes on.Our lads creep round on hand and knee,They fight from behind each trunk and stone;And sometimes, flying for refuge, oneFinds ’tis an enemy shares the tree.Some scores are maimed by boughs shot offIn the glades by the Fort’s big gun.We mourn the loss of colonel Morrison,Killed while cheering his regiment on.Their far sharpshooters try our stuff;And ours return them puff for puff:’Tis diamond-cutting-diamond work.Woe on the rebel cannoneerWho shows his head. Our fellows lurkLike Indians that waylay the deerBy the wild salt-spring.--The sky is dun,Fordooming the fall of Donelson.

Stern weather is all unwonted here.The people of the country ownWe brought it. Yea, the earnest NorthHas elementally issued forthTo storm this Donelson.

A yelling routOf ragamuffins broke profuseTo-day from out the Fort.Sole uniform they wore, a sortOf patch, or white badge (as you choose)Upon the arm. But leading these,Or mingling, were men of faceAnd bearing of patrician race,Splendid in courage and gold lace--The officers. Before the breezeMade by their charge, down went our line;But, rallying, charged back in force,And broke the sally; yet with loss.This on the left; upon the rightMeanwhile there was an answering fight;Assailants and assailed reversed.The charge too upward, and not down--Up a steep ridge-side, toward its crown,A strong redoubt. But they who firstGained the fort’s base, and marked the treesFelled, heaped in horned perplexities,And shagged with brush; and swarming thereFierce wasps whose sting was present death--They faltered, drawing bated breath,And felt it was in vain to dare;Yet still, perforce, returned the ball,Firing into the tangled wallTill ordered to come down. They came;But left some comrades in their fame,Red on the ridge in icy wreathAnd hanging gardens of cold Death.But not quite unavenged these fell;Our ranks once out of range, a blastOf shrapnel and quick shellBurst on the rebel horde, still massed,Scattering them pell-mell.(This fighting--judging what we read--Both charge and countercharge,Would seem but Thursday’s told at large,Before in brief reported.--Ed.)Night closed in about the DenMurky and lowering. Ere long, chill rains.A night not soon to be forgot,Reviving old rheumatic painsAnd longings for a cot.

No blankets, overcoats, or tents.Coats thrown aside on the warm march here--We looked not then for changeful cheer;Tents, coats, and blankets too much care.No fires; a fire a mark presents;Near by, the trees show bullet-dents.Rations were eaten cold and raw.The men well soaked, come snow; and more--A midnight sally. Small sleeping done--But such is war;No matter, we’ll have Fort Donelson.

“Ugh! ugh!’Twill drag along--drag along”Growled a cross patriot in the throng,His battered umbrella like an ambulance-coverRiddled with bullet-holes, spattered all over.“Hurrah for Grant!” cried a stripling shrill;Three urchins joined him with a will,And some of taller stature cheered.Meantime a Copperhead passed; he sneered.“Win or lose,” he pausing said,“Caps fly the same; all boys, mere boys;Any thing to make a noise.Like to see the list of the dead;These ‘craven Southerners’ hold out;Ay, ay, they’ll give you many a bout”“We’ll beat in the end, sir”Firmly said one in staid rebuke,A solid merchant, square and stout.“And do you think it? that way tend, sir”Asked the lean Cooperhead, with a lookOf splenetic pity. “Yes, I do”His yellow death’s head the croaker shook:“The country’s ruined, that I know”A shower of broken ice and snow,In lieu of words, confuted him;They saw him hustled round the corner go,And each by-stander said--Well suited him.

Next day another crowd was seenIn the dark weather’s sleety spleen.Bald-headed to the storm came outA man, who, ’mid a joyous shout,Silently posted this brief sheet:

Words in this poem 37
countermand v. t.
To revoke (a former command); to cancel or rescind by giving an order contrary to one previously given; as, to countermand an order for goods. [F. contremander; contre (L. contra) + mander to command, fr. L. mandare. Cf. Mandate.]
sleet n.
The part of a mortar extending from the chamber to the trunnions.
bulletin n.
A brief statement of facts respecting some passing event, as military operations or the health of some distinguished personage, issued by authority for the information of the public. [F. bulletin, fr. It. bullettino, dim. of bulletta, dim. of bulla, bolla, an edict of the pope, from L. bulla bubble. See Bull an edict.]
wakeful a.
Not sleeping; indisposed to sleep; watchful; vigilant.
aloud adv.
With a loud voice, or great noise; loudly; audibly. [Pref. a- + loud.]
overland a.
Being, or accomplished, over the land, instead of by sea; as, an overland journey.
bluff a.
Having a broad, flattened front; as, the bluff bows of a ship. [Cf. OD. blaf flat, broad, blaffaert one with a broad face, also, a boaster; or G. verblüffen to confuse, LG. bluffen to frighten; to unknown origin.]
dreamy a.
Abounding in dreams or given to dreaming; appropriate to, or like, dreams; visionary.
rebel a.
Pertaining to rebels or rebellion; acting in revolt; rebellious; as, rebel troops. [F. rebelle, fr. L. rebellis. See Rebel, v. t.]
sortie n.
The sudden issuing of a body of troops, usually small, from a besieged place to attack or harass the besiegers; a sally. [F., fr. sortir to go out, to issue, probably fr. L. sortus, for surrectus, p.p. of surgere to raise up, to rise up. See Source.]
afternoon n.
The part of the day which follows noon, between noon and evening.
ramrod n.
The rod used in ramming home the charge in a muzzle-loading firearm.
cannoneer n.
A man who manages, or fires, cannon. [F. canonnier.]
waylay v. t.
To lie in wait for; to meet or encounter in the way; especially, to watch for the passing of, with a view to seize, rob, or slay; to beset in ambush. [Way + lay.]
unwonted a.
Not wonted; unaccustomed; unused; not made familiar by practice; as, a child unwonted to strangers.
elementally adv.
According to elements; literally; as, the words,
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
patrician a.
Of or pertaining to the Roman patres (fathers) or senators, or patricians. [L. patricius, fr. patres fathers or senators, pl. of pater: cf. F. patricien. See Paternal.]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
meanwhile n.
The intervening time; as, in the meantime (or mean time).
redoubt v. t.
To stand in dread of; to regard with fear; to dread. [F. redouter, formerly also spelt redoubter; fr. L. pref. re- re- + dubitare to doubt, in LL., to fear. See Doubt.]
bated a.
Reduced; lowered; restrained; as, to speak with bated breath.
perforce v. t.
To force; to compel.
shrapnel a.
Applied as an appellation to a kind of shell invented by Gen.
horde n.
A wandering troop or gang; especially, a clan or tribe of a nomadic people migrating from place to place for the sake of pasturage, plunder, etc.; a predatory multitude. Thomson. [F. horde (cf. G. horde), fr. Turk. ord, ordi, camp; of Tartar origin.]
countercharge n.
An opposing charge.
rheumatic a.
Derived from, or having the character of, rheum; rheumic. [Gr. rheumaticus, F. rhumatique. See Rheum, Rheumatism.]
changeful a.
Full of change; mutable; inconstant; fickle; uncertain.
twill v. i.
To weave, as cloth, so as to produce the appearance of diagonal lines or ribs on the surface. [Scotch tweel; probably from LG. twillen to make double, from twi- two; akin to AS. twi-, E. twi- in twilight. See Twice, and cf. Tweed, Tweel.]
hurrah interj.
A word used as a shout of joy, triumph, applause, encouragement, or welcome. [Cf. G., Dan., & Sw. hurra. Cf. Huzza.]
stripling n.
A youth in the state of adolescence, or just passing from boyhood to manhood; a lad. [Dim. of strip; as if a small strip from the main stock or steam.]
copperhead n.
A poisonous American serpent (Ancistrodon conotortrix), closely allied to the rattlesnake, but without rattles; -- called also copper-belly, and red viper. [From its color.]
craven v. t.
To make recreant, weak, spiritless, or cowardly.
splenetic a.
Affected with spleen; malicious; spiteful; peevish; fretful. [L. spleneticus: cf. F. splénétique. See Spleen.]
croaker n.
One who croaks, murmurs, grumbles, or complains unreasonably; one who habitually forebodes evil.
shook v. t.
To pack, as staves, in a shook.
sleety a.
Of or pertaining to sleet; characterized by sleet; as, a sleety storm; sleety weather.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Donelson is in the public domain. This text is taken from Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War, Project Gutenberg ebook #12384; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Herman Melville, Donelson, in Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War (1866), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #12384, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/melville-battle-pieces/donelson.html, id L19093.

Form and metre

Donelson is 180 lines in 13 stanzas. This poem did not settle on a metre of its own; the book it comes from is in iambic tetrameter.

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABACB-BDDCEE cupA · countermandB · upA · mouthC · landB · street · bandB · metD · setD · southC · crowdE · aloudE
  2. 2 -A-ABB grant · overlandA · sent · commandA · wonB · donelsonB
  3. 3 ----A-A--BCBDCD bluff · top · off · up · brushA · roods · hushA · woods · base · weatherB · mayC · togetherB · forthD · betrayC · northD
  4. 4 ABAABB sayA · oneB · stayA · wayA · wonB · donelsonB
  5. 5 AA-- grewA · blueA · brought · second
  6. 6 ABAAB-CC---- completeA · oneB · meetA · seatA · doneB · prone · forC · forC · cost · forced · hold · rest
  7. 7 -AB-BC-C-ADDEE unfold · wonA · denB · down · thenB · leftC · afternoon · bereftC · hard · runA · bitesD · incitesD · reboundE · resoundE
  8. 8 -AB-CB-CCADDEFEFCC ward · onA · kneeB · stone · oneC · treeB · off · gunC · morrisonC · onA · stuffD · puffD · workE · cannoneerF · lurkE · deerF · dunC · donelsonC
  9. 9 -ABBA here · ownA · northB · forthB · donelsonA
  10. 10 --AA-BCCCB---DDEFFEGGHIIHJJKK--LMLMLNOON-PQPQ rout · profuse · fortA · sortA · choose · theseB · faceC · raceC · laceC · breezeB · line · force · loss · rightD · fightD · reversedE · downF · crownF · firstE · treesG · perplexitiesG · thereH · deathI · breathI · dareH · ballJ · wallJ · cameK · fameK · wreath · death · fellL · blastM · shellL · massedM · mellL · readN · counterchargeO · largeO · edN · den · rainsP · forgotQ · painsP · cotQ
  11. 11 ABBBAA-CDCD tentsA · hereB · cheerB · careB · presentsA · dentsA · raw · moreC · doneD · warC · donelsonD
  12. 12 -AA--BBCCDEEDFFG-FGH-HIIJIJ ugh · alongA · throngA · cover · over · shrillB · willB · cheeredC · sneeredC · saidD · boysE · noiseE · deadD · outF · boutF · sirG · rebuke · stoutF · sirG · lookH · do · shookH · knowI · snowI · himJ · goI · himJ
  13. 13 AABB- seenA · spleenA · outB · shoutB · sheet
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
The bitter cup4·/˘·
Of that hard countermand6···/˘˘
Which gave the Envoys up,6···/˘·
Still was wormwood in the mouth,7··/····
And clouds involved the land,7··˘/˘··
When, pelted by sleet in the icy street,10·/˘····/˘·
About the bulletin-board a band8···/˘···
Of eager, anxious people met,8·/˘/˘/˘·
And every wakeful heart was set8·/˘/˘···
On latest news from West or South.8·/˘·····
“No seeing here,” cries one--“don’t crowd--”8·/˘·····
“You tall man, pray you, read aloud.”8······˘/
We learn that General Grant,7···/˘˘·
Marching from Henry overland,8/˘·/˘/˘·
And joined by a force up the Cumberland sent10·······/˘·
(Some thirty thousand the command),8·/˘/˘·˘/
On Wednesday a good position won--9·/···˘/˘·
Began the siege of Donelson.8˘/···/˘˘
The stronghold crowns a river-bluff,8·/···/˘·
A good broad mile of leveled top;8·····/˘·
Inland the ground rolls off6/·····
Deep-gorged, and rocky, and broken up--9···/˘·/˘·
A wilderness of trees and brush.8·/˘˘····
The spaded summit shows the roods8·/˘/˘···
Of fixed intrenchments in their hush;8········
Breast-works and rifle-pits in woods8···/˘···
Perplex the base.--4˘/··
The welcome weather5·/˘/˘
Is clear and mild; ’tis much like May.8········
The ancient boughs that lace together9·/˘···˘/˘
Along the stream, and hang far forth,8˘/······
Strange with green mistletoe, betray8···/˘·˘/
A dreamy contrast to the North.8·/˘/˘···
Our troops are full of spirits--say8/····/˘·
The siege won’t prove a creeping one.8·····/˘·
They purpose not the lingering stay8·/˘··/˘·
Of old beleaguerers; not that way;9·········
But, full of vim from Western prairies won,10·····/˘/˘·
They’ll make, ere long, a dash at Donelson.9·······/˘
Washed by the storm till the paper grew9······/˘·
Every shade of a streaky blue,8/˘···/˘·
That bulletin stood. The next day brought8·/˘·····
A second.3·/˘
Grant’s investment is complete--7·˘/˘·˘/
A semicircular one.7··˘/˘˘·
Both wings the Cumberland’s margin meet,8···/˘/˘·
Then, backwkard curving, clasp the rebel seat.10···/˘··/˘·
On Wednesday this good work was done;8·/˘·····
But of the doers some lie prone.8···/˘···
Each wood, each hill, each glen was fought for;9·········
The bold inclosing line we wrought for9·········
Flamed with sharpshooters. Each cliff cost8··/˘˘···
A limb or life. But back we forced8········
Reserves and all; made good our hold;8˘/····/·
And so we rest.4····
Events unfold.4˘/˘/
On Thursday added ground was won,8·/·/˘···
A long bold steep: we near the Den.8········
Later the foe came shouting down8/˘···/˘·
In sortie, which was quelled; and then8·/˘·····
We stormed them on their left.7··˘····
A chilly change in the afternoon;9·/˘····˘/
The sky, late clear, is now bereft8······˘/
Of sun. Last night the ground froze hard--8········
Rings to the enemy as they run8···/˘···
Within their works. A ramrod bites8·····/··
The lip it meets. The cold incites8······˘/
To swinging of arms with brisk rebound.9·/˘····˘/
Smart blows ’gainst lusty chests resound.8···/˘··/
Along the outer line we ward8˘/·/˘···
A crackle of skirmishing goes on.8·/˘·/˘··
Our lads creep round on hand and knee,8/·······
They fight from behind each trunk and stone;9·········
And sometimes, flying for refuge, one9·˘//˘·/˘·
Finds ’tis an enemy shares the tree.8···/˘···
Some scores are maimed by boughs shot off8········
In the glades by the Fort’s big gun.8········
We mourn the loss of colonel Morrison,9·····/˘/˘
Killed while cheering his regiment on.8··/˘·/˘·
Their far sharpshooters try our stuff;8··/˘˘·/·
And ours return them puff for puff:8·/˘/····
’Tis diamond-cutting-diamond work.8·/˘/˘/˘·
Woe on the rebel cannoneer8···/˘···
Who shows his head. Our fellows lurk8····//˘·
Like Indians that waylay the deer8·/˘·/···
By the wild salt-spring.--The sky is dun,9·········
Fordooming the fall of Donelson.9······/˘˘
Stern weather is all unwonted here.9·/˘··˘/˘·
The people of the country own8·/˘··/˘·
We brought it. Yea, the earnest North8·····/˘·
Has elementally issued forth9······/˘·
To storm this Donelson.6···/˘˘
A yelling rout4·/˘·
Of ragamuffins broke profuse8······˘/
To-day from out the Fort.6······
Sole uniform they wore, a sort8·/˘·····
Of patch, or white badge (as you choose)8········
Upon the arm. But leading these,8·····/˘·
Or mingling, were men of face8·/˘˘····
And bearing of patrician race,8·/˘·˘/˘·
Splendid in courage and gold lace--8/˘·/˘···
The officers. Before the breeze8·/˘˘····
Made by their charge, down went our line;8······/·
But, rallying, charged back in force,8·/˘˘····
And broke the sally; yet with loss.8···/˘···
This on the left; upon the right8········
Meanwhile there was an answering fight;8/····/˘·
Assailants and assailed reversed.8˘/˘·˘/˘/
The charge too upward, and not down--8···/˘···
Up a steep ridge-side, toward its crown,9·········
A strong redoubt. But they who first8··˘/····
Gained the fort’s base, and marked the trees8········
Felled, heaped in horned perplexities,8····˘/˘˘
And shagged with brush; and swarming there8·····/˘·
Fierce wasps whose sting was present death--8·····/˘·
They faltered, drawing bated breath,8·/˘/˘/˘·
And felt it was in vain to dare;8········
Yet still, perforce, returned the ball,8··˘/˘/··
Firing into the tangled wall8/˘···/˘·
Till ordered to come down. They came;8·/˘·····
But left some comrades in their fame,8···/····
Red on the ridge in icy wreath8·····/˘·
And hanging gardens of cold Death.8·/˘/˘···
But not quite unavenged these fell;8········
Our ranks once out of range, a blast8/·······
Of shrapnel and quick shell6·/˘···
Burst on the rebel horde, still massed,8···/˘···
Scattering them pell-mell.6/˘˘···
(This fighting--judging what we read--8·/˘/˘···
Both charge and countercharge,6···/˘·
Would seem but Thursday’s told at large,8···/˘···
Before in brief reported.--Ed.)8·····/˘·
Night closed in about the Den8··˘·····
Murky and lowering. Ere long, chill rains.9/˘·/˘····
A night not soon to be forgot,8······˘/
Reviving old rheumatic pains8˘/˘·˘/˘·
And longings for a cot.6·/˘···
No blankets, overcoats, or tents.8·/˘/˘···
Coats thrown aside on the warm march here--9··˘/·····
We looked not then for changeful cheer;8·····/˘·
Tents, coats, and blankets too much care.8···/˘···
No fires; a fire a mark presents;9·/·/˘··/˘
Near by, the trees show bullet-dents.8·····/˘·
Rations were eaten cold and raw.8/˘·/˘···
The men well soaked, come snow; and more--8········
A midnight sally. Small sleeping done--9·/·/˘·/˘·
But such is war;4····
No matter, we’ll have Fort Donelson.9·/˘···/˘˘
“Ugh! ugh!2··
’Twill drag along--drag along”7··˘/·˘/
Growled a cross patriot in the throng,8···/˘···
His battered umbrella like an ambulance-cover12·/˘˘/˘··/˘/˘
Riddled with bullet-holes, spattered all over.10/˘·/˘·/˘··
“Hurrah for Grant!” cried a stripling shrill;9˘/····/˘·
Three urchins joined him with a will,8·/˘·····
And some of taller stature cheered.8···/˘/˘·
Meantime a Copperhead passed; he sneered.9/··/˘····
“Win or lose,” he pausing said,7····/˘·
“Caps fly the same; all boys, mere boys;8········
Any thing to make a noise.7/˘·····
Like to see the list of the dead;8········
These ‘craven Southerners’ hold out;8·/˘/˘˘··
Ay, ay, they’ll give you many a bout”8·····/··
“We’ll beat in the end, sir”6······
Firmly said one in staid rebuke,8/˘····˘/
A solid merchant, square and stout.8·/˘/˘···
“And do you think it? that way tend, sir”9·········
Asked the lean Cooperhead, with a look9·········
Of splenetic pity. “Yes, I do”9·/˘˘/˘···
His yellow death’s head the croaker shook:9·/˘···/˘·
“The country’s ruined, that I know”8·/˘/˘···
A shower of broken ice and snow,8·/·/˘···
In lieu of words, confuted him;8········
They saw him hustled round the corner go,10···/˘··/˘·
And each by-stander said--Well suited him.10···/˘··/˘·
Next day another crowd was seen8··˘/˘···
In the dark weather’s sleety spleen.8···/˘/˘·
Bald-headed to the storm came out8·/˘·····
A man, who, ’mid a joyous shout,8·····/˘·
Silently posted this brief sheet:8/˘˘/˘···

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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