Il Cinque Maggio

Alessandro Manzoni (1785–1873), translated by William Ewart Gladstone · 1863

iambic tetrameter · 108 lines

He died; As in the senseless clayNo stir of life was left,When, drawn the mortal sigh, it layOf such a soul bereft,So, at the tidings thunderstruckAnd pensive, Earth remains:

And muses o'er the dying hourAnd o'er the Child of Fate,Nor knows if ever such a PowerAgain shall desolateWith like deep track of wounds and stainsHer blood-red plains.

Him, blazing from his throne, to seeMy soul in silence bore;When with quick change he fell, and rose,And fell to rise no more;Amidst a thousand voices' throng,Hers went not up on high,

No slavish adulation stored,No dastard slander poured;But stirs and wakes, when such a lightIs quenched in sudden night,And utters o'er his urn a songThat haply shall not die.

From Alp to farthest Pyramid,From Rhine to Mansanar,How sure his lightning's flash foretoldHis thunderbolts of war!To Don from Scilla's height they roar,From North to Southern shore.

And this was glory? After-men,Judge the dark problem. LowWe to the Mighty Maker bendThe while, Who planned to showWhat vaster mould Creative WillWith him could fill.

The joy, that o'er some brave designWith thrill tumultuous yearns;The craving of a heart that, wildWith thought of Empire, burns,And gains, and holds, the prize it seemedBut madness to have dreamed;

He knew all this, and glory too,By peril heightened, knew,The Exile's gloom, the Victor's glare,The palace or the hut his share,Twice bit the dust, twice scaled in mightThe altar's height.

He dawns; two Ages, armèd eachAgainst the other, stand;To him they bend, their doom beseechSubmissive from his hand;He bids be still, and sits betwixt,The Arbiter of Fate:

He wanes; an islet's bounds incloseHis terrible repose;Him Envy's far-drawn arrows wound,Him Pity's gaze profoundPursues, him Love unconquered, mixtWith deathless Hate.

As on the shipwrecked marinerThe weltering wave's descent—The wave, o'er which, a moment since,For distant shores he bentAnd bent in vain, his eager eye;So on that stricken head

Came whelming down the mighty Past.How often did his penEssay to tell the wondrous taleFor after times and men,And o'er the lines that could not dieHis hand lay dead.

How often, as the listless dayIn silence died away,He stood with lightning eye deprest,And arms across his breast,And bygone years, in rushing train,Smote on his soul amain:

The breezy tents he seemed to see,And the battering cannon's course,And the flashing of the infantry,And the torrent of the horse,And, obeyed as soon as heard,Th' ecstatic word.

Haply, by that wild struggle rivenThe panting heart had failedIn cold despair; but help from HeavenDescended and prevailed,And raised him up, and pitying bareInto a genial air,

And oared him on the flowery waysOf Hope, and bade aspireTo those blest plains, and to the prizeThat passes all desire,Where darkly sinks in silence downEarth's brief renown.

O fair, O deathless, O benign,O still victorious Faith,This triumph reckon too for thineWith joy; for ne'er in DeathA sterner pride hath stooped to wooThe shame of Golgotha:

From his outwearied ashes warnEach word of wrath and scorn:The God, that gives or eases pain,That smites, and lifts again,On that lone couch, in that dark day,Beside him lay.

Words in this poem 25
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
amidst prep.
In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
dastard n.
One who meanly shrinks from danger; an arrant coward; a poltroon. [Prob. from Icel. dæstr exhausted. breathless, p. p. of dæsa to groan, lose one's breath; cf. dasask to become exhausted, and E. daze.]
haply adv.
By hap, chance, luck, or accident; perhaps; it may be.
mould n.
Crumbling, soft, friable earth; esp., earth containing the remains or constituents of organic matter, and suited to the growth of plants; soil. [OE. molde, AS. molde; akin to D. mul, G. mull, mulm, OHG. molt, molta, Icel. mold, Dan. muld, Sw. mull, Goth. mulda, and E. meal flour. See Meal, and cf. Mole a]
glare v. i.
To shine with a bright, dazzling light. [OE. glaren, gloren; cf. AS. glær amber, LG. glaren to glow or burn like coals, D. gloren to glimmer; prob. akin to E. glass.]
scaled a.
Covered with scales, or scalelike structures; -- said of a fish, a reptile, a moth, etc.
betwixt prep.
In the space which separates; between. [OE. betwix, bitwix, rarely bitwixt, AS. betweox, betweohs, betweoh, betwih; pref. be- by + a form fr. AS. twa two. See Between.]
deathless a.
Not subject to death, destruction, or extinction; immortal; undying; imperishable; as, deathless beings; deathless fame.
stricken p. p.
Struck; smitten; wounded; as, the stricken deer.
wondrous adv.
In a wonderful or surprising manner or degree; wonderfully. [OE. wonders, adv. (later also adj.). See Wonder, n., and cf. -wards.]
listless a.
Having no desire or inclination; indifferent; heedless; spiritless. [OE. listles, lustles. See Lust.]
bygone n.
Something gone by or past; a past event.
amain adv.
With might; with full force; vigorously; violently; exceedingly. [Pref. a- + main. See 2d Main, n.]
breezy a.
Characterized by, or having, breezes; airy.
infantry n.
A body of children. B. Jonson. [F. infanterie, It. infanteria, fr. infante infant, child, boy servant, foot soldier, fr. L. infans, -antis, child; foot soldiers being formerly the servants and]
pitying a.
Expressing pity; as, a pitying eye, glance, or word.
genial a.
Contributing to, or concerned in, propagation or production; generative; procreative; productive. [L. genialis: cf. OF. genial. See Genius.]
oared a.
Furnished with oars; -- chiefly used in composition; as, a four- oared boat.
bade
A form of the pat tense of Bid.
aspire v. t.
To aspire to; to long for; to try to reach; to mount to.
sterner n.
A director. Dr. R. Clerke. [See 3d Stern.]
golgotha n.
Calvary. See the Note under Calvary.
lone n.
A lane. See Loanin.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Il Cinque Maggio is in the public domain. This text is taken from Il Cinque Maggio, Internet Archive, the William Ewart Gladstone translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Alessandro Manzoni, Il Cinque Maggio, (1863), text of Internet Archive, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/manzoni-fifth-of-may/il-cinque-maggio.html, id L26504.

Form and metre

Il Cinque Maggio is 108 lines in 18 stanzas of 6 lines each. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 93%).

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABAB-- clayA · leftB · layA · bereftB · thunderstruck · remains
  2. 2 ABABCC hourA · fateB · powerA · desolateB · stainsC · plainsC
  3. 3 -A-A-- see · boreA · rose · moreA · throng · high
  4. 4 AABB-- storedA · pouredA · lightB · nightB · song · die
  5. 5 ---AAA pyramid · mansanar · foretold · warA · roarA · shoreA
  6. 6 -A-ABB men · lowA · bend · showA · willB · fillB
  7. 7 -A-ABB design · yearnsA · wild · burnsA · seemedB · dreamedB
  8. 8 AABBCC tooA · knewA · glareB · shareB · mightC · heightC
  9. 9 ABAB-- eachA · standB · beseechA · handB · betwixt · fate
  10. 10 AABB-- incloseA · reposeA · woundB · profoundB · mixt · hate
  11. 11 -A-A-- mariner · descentA · since · bentA · eye · head
  12. 12 -A-A-- past · penA · tale · menA · die · dead
  13. 13 AABBCC dayA · awayA · deprestB · breastB · trainC · amainC
  14. 14 -A-ABB see · courseA · infantry · horseA · heardB · wordB
  15. 15 -A-ABB riven · failedA · heaven · prevailedA · bareB · airB
  16. 16 ----AA ways · aspire · prize · desire · downA · renownA
  17. 17 A-A--- benignA · faith · thineA · death · woo · golgotha
  18. 18 AABBCC warnA · scornA · painB · againB · dayC · layC
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
He died; As in the senseless clay8·····/˘·
No stir of life was left,6······
When, drawn the mortal sigh, it lay8···/˘···
Of such a soul bereft,6····˘/
So, at the tidings thunderstruck8···/˘/˘·
And pensive, Earth remains:6·/˘·˘/
And muses o'er the dying hour9·/˘··/˘/˘
And o'er the Child of Fate,6······
Nor knows if ever such a Power9···/˘··/˘
Again shall desolate6˘/·/˘·
With like deep track of wounds and stains8········
Her blood-red plains.4····
Him, blazing from his throne, to see8·/˘·····
My soul in silence bore;6···/˘·
When with quick change he fell, and rose,8········
And fell to rise no more;6······
Amidst a thousand voices' throng,8˘/·/˘/˘·
Hers went not up on high,6······
No slavish adulation stored,8·/˘·˘/˘·
No dastard slander poured;6·/˘/˘·
But stirs and wakes, when such a light8········
Is quenched in sudden night,6···/˘·
And utters o'er his urn a song8·/˘·····
That haply shall not die.6·/˘···
From Alp to farthest Pyramid,8···/˘/˘˘
From Rhine to Mansanar,6······
How sure his lightning's flash foretold8···/˘·˘/
His thunderbolts of war!6·/˘···
To Don from Scilla's height they roar,8···/˘···
From North to Southern shore.6···/˘·
And this was glory? After-men,8···/˘···
Judge the dark problem. Low6···/˘·
We to the Mighty Maker bend8···/˘/˘·
The while, Who planned to show6······
What vaster mould Creative Will8····˘/˘·
With him could fill.4····
The joy, that o'er some brave design8······˘/
With thrill tumultuous yearns;7···/˘˘·
The craving of a heart that, wild8·/˘·····
With thought of Empire, burns,7···/˘˘·
And gains, and holds, the prize it seemed8········
But madness to have dreamed;6·/˘···
He knew all this, and glory too,8·····/˘·
By peril heightened, knew,6·/˘/˘·
The Exile's gloom, the Victor's glare,8·/···/˘·
The palace or the hut his share,8·/˘·····
Twice bit the dust, twice scaled in might8········
The altar's height.4·/˘·
He dawns; two Ages, armèd each7···/˘··
Against the other, stand;6···/˘·
To him they bend, their doom beseech8······˘/
Submissive from his hand;6˘/˘···
He bids be still, and sits betwixt,8······˘/
The Arbiter of Fate:6·/˘˘··
He wanes; an islet's bounds inclose8···/˘·˘/
His terrible repose;6·/˘˘˘/
Him Envy's far-drawn arrows wound,8·/˘··/˘·
Him Pity's gaze profound6·/˘·˘/
Pursues, him Love unconquered, mixt8˘/······
With deathless Hate.4·/˘·
As on the shipwrecked mariner8···/˘/˘˘
The weltering wave's descent—7·/˘˘·˘/
The wave, o'er which, a moment since,8·····/˘·
For distant shores he bent6·/˘···
And bent in vain, his eager eye;8·····/˘·
So on that stricken head6···/˘·
Came whelming down the mighty Past.8·····/˘·
How often did his pen6·/˘···
Essay to tell the wondrous tale8˘/···/˘·
For after times and men,6······
And o'er the lines that could not die8········
His hand lay dead.4····
How often, as the listless day8·/˘··/˘·
In silence died away,6·/˘·˘/
He stood with lightning eye deprest,8···/˘···
And arms across his breast,6··˘/··
And bygone years, in rushing train,8·/···/˘·
Smote on his soul amain:6····˘/
The breezy tents he seemed to see,8·/˘·····
And the battering cannon's course,8··/˘˘/˘·
And the flashing of the infantry,9··/˘··/˘˘
And the torrent of the horse,7··/˘···
And, obeyed as soon as heard,7·˘/····
Th' ecstatic word.4˘/˘·
Haply, by that wild struggle riven9/˘···/˘/˘
The panting heart had failed6·/˘···
In cold despair; but help from Heaven9··˘/···/˘
Descended and prevailed,6˘/˘·˘/
And raised him up, and pitying bare8·····/˘·
Into a genial air,6···/˘·
And oared him on the flowery ways8·····/˘·
Of Hope, and bade aspire6····˘/
To those blest plains, and to the prize8········
That passes all desire,7·/˘·˘/˘
Where darkly sinks in silence down8·/˘··/˘·
Earth's brief renown.4··˘/
O fair, O deathless, O benign,8···/˘·˘/
O still victorious Faith,7··˘/˘˘·
This triumph reckon too for thine8·/˘/˘···
With joy; for ne'er in Death6······
A sterner pride hath stooped to woo8·/˘·····
The shame of Golgotha:6···/˘˘
From his outwearied ashes warn7····/˘·
Each word of wrath and scorn:6······
The God, that gives or eases pain,8·····/˘·
That smites, and lifts again,6····˘/
On that lone couch, in that dark day,8········
Beside him lay.4˘/··

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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