Book VIII
With eye unmov'd the silent CATUAL view'dThe pictur'd sire with seeming life endu'd;A verdant vine-bough waving in his right,Smooth flow'd his sweepy beard of glossy white,When thus, as swift the Moor unfolds the word,The valiant Paulus to the Indian lord:--
"Bold though these figures frown, yet bolder farThese godlike heroes shin'd in ancient war.In that hoar sire, of mien serene, august,Lusus behold, no robber-chief unjust;His cluster'd bough--the same which Bacchus bore--He waves, the emblem of his care of yore;The friend of savage man, to Bacchus dear,The son of Bacchus, or the bold compeer,What time his yellow locks with vine-leaves curl'd,The youthful god subdued the savage world,Bade vineyards glisten o'er the dreary waste,And humaniz'd the nations as he pass'd.Lusus, the lov'd companion of the god,In Spain's fair bosom fix'd his last abode,Our kingdom founded, and illustrious reign'dIn those fair lawns, the bless'd Elysium feign'd,Where, winding oft, the Guadiana roves,And Douro murmurs through, the flow'ry groves.Here, with his bones, he left his deathless fame,And Lusitania's clime shall ever bear his name.That other chief th' embroider'd silk displays,Toss'd o'er the deep whole years of weary days,On Tago's banks, at last, his vows he paid:To wisdom's godlike power, the Jove-born maid,Who fir'd his lips with eloquence divine,On Tago's banks he rear'd the hallow'd shrine.Ulysses he, though fated to destroy,On Asian ground, the heav'n-built towers of Troy,On Europe's strand, more grateful to the skies,He bade th' eternal walls of Lisbon rise."
"But who that godlike terror of the plain,Who strews the smoking field with heaps of slain?What num'rous legions fly in dire dismay,Whose standards wide the eagle's wings display?"The pagan asks: the brother chief replies:--"Unconquer'd deem'd, proud Rome's dread standard flies,His crook thrown by, fir'd by his nation's woes,The hero-shepherd Viriatus rose;His country sav'd proclaim'd his warlike fame,And Rome's wide empire trembled at his name.That gen'rous pride which Rome to Pyrrhus bore,To him they show'd not; for they fear'd him more.Not on the field o'ercome by manly force,Peaceful he slept; and now, a murder'd corse,By treason slain, he lay. How stern, behold,That other hero, firm, erect, and bold:The power by which he boasted he divin'd,Beside him pictur'd stands, the milk-white hind:Injur'd by Rome, the stern Sertorius fledTo Tago's shore, and Lusus' offspring led;Their worth he knew; in scatter'd flight he droveThe standards painted with the birds of Jove.And lo, the flag whose shining colours ownThe glorious founder of the Lusian throne!Some deem the warrior of Hungarian race,Some from Lorraine the godlike hero trace.From Tagus' banks the haughty Moor expell'd,Galicia's sons, and and Leon's warriors quell'd,To weeping Salem's ever-hallow'd meads,His warlike bands the holy Henry leads;By holy war to sanctify his crown,And, to his latest race, auspicious waft it down."
"And who this awful chief?" aloud exclaimsThe wond'ring regent. "O'er the field he flamesIn dazzling steel; where'er he bends his courseThe battle sinks beneath his headlong force:Against his troops, though few, the num'rous foesIn vain their spears and tow'ry walls oppose.With smoking blood his armour sprinkled o'er,High to the knees his courser paws in gore:O'er crowns and blood-stain'd ensigns scatter'd roundHe rides; his courser's brazen hoofs resound.""In that great chief," the second GAMA cries,"The first Alonzo strikes thy wond'ring eyes.From Lusus' realm the pagan Moors he drove;Heav'n, whom he lov'd, bestow'd on him such love,Beneath him, bleeding of its mortal wound,The Moorish strength lay prostrate on the ground.Nor Ammon's son, nor greater Julius dar'dWith troops so few, with hosts so num'rous warr'd:Nor less shall Fame the subject heroes own:Behold that hoary warrior's rageful frown!On his young pupil's flight his burning eyesHe darts, and, 'Turn thy flying host,' he cries,'Back to the field!' The vet'ran and the boyBack to the field exult with furious joy:Their ranks mow'd down, the boastful foe recedes,The vanquish'd triumph, and the victor bleeds.Again, that mirror of unshaken faith,Egaz behold, a chief self-doom'd to death.Beneath Castilia's sword his monarch lay;Homage he vow'd his helpless king should pay;His haughty king reliev'd, the treaty spurns,With conscious pride the noble Egaz burns;His comely spouse and infant race he leads,Himself the same, in sentenced felons' weeds,Around their necks the knotted halters bound,With naked feet they tread the flinty ground;And, prostrate now before Castilia's throne,Their offer'd lives their monarch's pride atone.Ah Rome! no more thy gen'rous consul boast.Whose 'lorn submission sav'd his ruin'd host:No father's woes assail'd his stedfast mind;The dearest ties the Lusian chief resign'd.
"There, by the stream, a town besieged behold,The Moorish tents the shatter'd walls enfold.Fierce as the lion from the covert springs,When hunger gives his rage the whirlwind's wings;From ambush, lo, the valiant Fuaz pours,And whelms in sudden rout th'astonish'd Moors.The Moorish king in captive chains he sends;And, low at Lisbon's throne, the royal captive bends.Fuaz again the artist's skill displays;Far o'er the ocean shine his ensign's rays:In crackling flames the Moorish galleys fly,And the red blaze ascends the blushing sky:O'er Avila's high steep the flames aspire,And wrap the forests in a sheet of fire:There seem the waves beneath the prows to boil;And distant, far around for many a mile,The glassy deep reflects the ruddy blaze;Far on the edge the yellow light decays,And blends with hov'ring blackness. Great and dreadThus shone the day when first the combat bled,The first our heroes battled on the main,The glorious prelude of our naval reign,Which, now the waves beyond the burning zone,And northern Greenland's frost-bound billows own.Again behold brave Fuaz dares the fight!O'erpower'd he sinks beneath the Moorish might;Smiling in death the martyr-hero lies,And lo, his soul triumphant mounts the skies.Here now, behold, in warlike pomp portray'd,A foreign navy brings the pious aid.Lo, marching from the decks the squadrons spread,Strange their attire, their aspect firm and dread.The holy cross their ensigns bold display,To Salem's aid they plough'd the wat'ry way:Yet first, the cause the same, on Tago's shoreThey dye their maiden swords in pagan gore.Proud stood the Moor on Lisbon's warlike towers,From Lisbon's walls they drive the Moorish powers:Amid the thickest of the glorious fight,Lo, Henry falls, a gallant German knight,A martyr falls: that holy tomb behold,There waves the blossom'd palm, the boughs of gold:O'er Henry's grave the sacred plant arose,And from the leaves, Heav'n's gift, gay health redundant flows.
"Aloft, unfurl!" the valiant Paulus cries.Instant, new wars on new-spread ensigns rise"In robes of white behold a priest advance!His sword in splinters smites the Moorish lance:Arronchez won revenges Lira's fall:And lo, on fair Savilia's batter'd wall,How boldly calm, amid the crashing spears,That hero-form the Lusian standard rears.There bleeds the war on fair Vandalia's plain:Lo, rushing through the Moors, o'er hills of slainThe hero rides, and proves by genuine claimThe son of Egas, and his worth the same.Pierc'd by his dart the standard-bearer dies;Beneath his feet the Moorish standard lies:High o'er the field, behold the glorious blaze!The victor-youth the Lusian flag displays.Lo, while the moon through midnight azure rides,From the high wall adown his spear-staff glidesThe dauntless Gerald: in his left he bearsTwo watchmen's heads, his right the falchion rears:The gate he opens, swift from ambush riseHis ready bands, the city falls his prize:Evora still the grateful honour pays,Her banner'd flag the mighty deed displays:There frowns the hero; in his left he bearsThe two cold heads, his right the falchion rears.Wrong'd by his king, and burning for revenge,Behold his arms that proud Castilian change;The Moorish buckler on his breast he bears,And leads the fiercest of the pagan spears.Abrantes falls beneath his raging force,And now to Tagus bends his furious course.Another fate he met on Tagus' shore,Brave Lopez from his brows the laurels tore;His bleeding army strew'd the thirsty ground,And captive chains the rageful leader bound.Resplendent far that holy chief behold!Aside he throws the sacred staff of gold,And wields the spear of steel. How bold advanceThe num'rous Moors, and with the rested lanceHem round the trembling Lusians. Calm and boldStill towers the priest, and lo, the skies unfold:Cheer'd by the vision, brighter than the day,The Lusians trample down the dread arrayOf Hagar's legions: on the reeking plainLow, with their slaves, four haughty kings lie slain.In vain Alcazar rears her brazen walls,Before his rushing host Alcazar falls.There, by his altar, now the hero shines,And, with the warrior's palm, his mitre twines.That chief behold: though proud Castilia's hostHe leads, his birth shall Tagus ever boast.As a pent flood bursts headlong o'er the strandSo pours his fury o'er Algarbia's land:Nor rampir'd town, nor castled rock affordThe refuge of defence from Payo's sword.By night-veil'd art proud Sylves falls his prey,And Tavila's high, walls, at middle day,Fearless he scales: her streets in blood deploreThe seven brave hunters murder'd by the Moor.These three bold knights how dread! Thro' Spain and FranceAt joust and tourney with the tilted lanceVictors they rode: Castilia's court beheldHer peers o'erthrown; the peers with rancour swell'd:The bravest of the three their swords surround;Brave Ribeir strews them vanquish'd o'er the ground.Now let thy thoughts, all wonder and on fire,That darling son of warlike Fame admire.Prostrate at proud Castilia's monarch's feetHis land lies trembling: lo, the nobles meet:Softly they seem to breathe, and forward bendThe servile neck; each eye distrusts his friend;Fearful each tongue to speak; each bosom cold:When, colour'd with stern rage, erect and bold,The hero rises: 'Here no foreign throneShall fix its base; my native king aloneShall reign.' Then, rushing to the fight, he leads;Low, vanquish'd in the dust, Castilia bleeds.Where proudest hope might deem it vain to dare,God led him on, and crown'd the glorious war.Though fierce, as num'rous, are the hosts that dwellBy Betis' stream, these hosts before him fell.The fight behold: while absent from his bands,Press'd on the step of flight his army stands,To call the chief a herald speeds away:Low, on his knees, the gallant chief survey!He pours his soul, with lifted hands implores,And Heav'n's assisting arm, inspir'd, adores.Panting, and pale, the herald urges speed:With holy trust of victory decreed,Careless he answers, 'Nothing urgent calls:'And soon the bleeding foe before him falls.To Numa, thus, the pale patricians fled--'The hostile squadrons o'er the kingdom spread!'They cry; unmov'd, the holy king replies--'And I, behold, am off'ring sacrifice!'Earnest, I see thy wond'ring eyes inquireWho this illustrious chief, his country's sire?The Lusian Scipio well might speak his fame,But nobler Nunio shines a greater name:On earth's green bosom, or on ocean grey,A greater never shall the sun survey.
"Known by the silver cross, and sable shield,Two Knights of Malta there command the field;From Tago's banks they drive the fleecy prey,And the tir'd ox lows on his weary way:When, as the falcon through the forest gladeDarts on the lev'ret, from the brown-wood shadeDarts Roderic on their rear; in scatter'd flightThey leave the goodly herds the victor's right.Again, behold, in gore he bathes his sword;His captive friend, to liberty restor'd,Glows to review the cause that wrought his woe,The cause, his loyalty, as taintless snow.Here treason's well-earn'd meed allures thine eyes,Low, grovelling in the dust, the traitor dies;Great Elvas gave the blow. Again, behold,Chariot and steed in purple slaughter roll'd:Great Elvas triumphs; wide o'er Xeres' plainAround him reeks the noblest blood of Spain.
"Here Lisbon's spacious harbour meets the view:How vast the foe's, the Lusian fleet how few!Castile's proud war-ships, circling round, encloseThe Lusian galleys; through their thund'ring rows,Fierce pressing on, Pereira fearless rides,His hook'd irons grasp the adm'ral's sides:Confusion maddens: on the dreadless knightCastilia's navy pours its gather'd might:Pereira dies, their self-devoted prey,And safe the Lusian galleys speed away.
"Lo, where the lemon-trees from yon green hillThrow their cool shadows o'er the crystal rill;There twice two hundred fierce Castilian foesTwice eight, forlorn, of Lusian race enclose;Forlorn they seem; but taintless flow'd their bloodFrom those three hundred who of old withstood;Withstood, and from a thousand Romans toreThe victor-wreath, what time the shepherd boreThe leader's staff of Lusus: equal flameInspir'd these few, their victory the same.Though twenty lances brave each single spear,Never the foes superior might to fearIs our inheritance, our native right,Well tried, well prov'd in many a dreadful fight.
"That dauntless earl behold; on Libya's coast,Far from the succour of the Lusian host,Twice hard besieg'd, he holds the Ceutan towersAgainst the banded might of Afric's powers.That other earl;--behold the port he bore,So, trod stern Mars on Thracia's hills of yore.What groves of spears Alcazar's gates surround!There Afric's nations blacken o'er the ground.A thousand ensigns, glitt'ring to the day,The waning moon's slant silver horns display.In vain their rage; no gate, no turret falls,The brave De Vian guards Alcazar's walls.In hopeless conflict lost his king appears;Amid the thickest of the Moorish spearsPlunges bold Vian: in the glorious strifeHe dies, and dying saves his sov'reign's life.
"Illustrious, lo, two brother-heroes shine,Their birth, their deeds, adorn the royal line;To ev'ry king of princely Europe known,In ev'ry court the gallant Pedro shone.The glorious Henry--kindling at his nameBehold my sailors' eyes all sparkle flame!Henry the chief, who first, by Heav'n inspir'd,To deeds unknown before, the sailor fir'd,The conscious sailor left the sight of shore,And dar'd new oceans, never plough'd before.The various wealth of ev'ry distant landHe bade his fleets explore, his fleets command.The ocean's great discoverer he shines;Nor less his honours in the martial lines:The painted flag the cloud-wrapt siege displays,There Ceuta's rocking wall its trust betrays.Black yawns the breach; the point of many a spearGleams through the smoke; loud shouts astound the ear.Whose step first trod the dreadful pass? Whose swordHew'd its dark way, first with the foe begor'd?'Twas thine, O glorious Henry, first to dareThe dreadful pass, and thine to close the war.Taught by his might, and humbled in her gore,The boastful pride of Afric tower'd no more.
"Num'rous though these, more num'rous warriors shineTh' illustrious glory of the Lusian line.But ah, forlorn, what shame to barb'rous pride!Friendless the master of the pencil died;Immortal fame his deathless labours gave;Poor man, he sunk neglected to the grave!"
The gallant Paulus faithful thus explain'dThe various deeds the pictur'd flags contain'd.Still o'er and o'er, and still again untir'd,The wond'ring regent of the wars inquir'd:Still wond'ring, heard the various pleasing tale,Till o'er the decks cold sigh'd the ev'ning gale:The falling darkness dimm'd the eastern shore,And twilight hover'd o'er the billows hoarFar to the west, when, with his noble band,The thoughtful regent sought his native strand.
O'er the tall mountain-forest's waving boughsAslant, the new moon's slender horns arose;Near her pale chariot shone a twinkling star,And, save the murm'ring of the wave afar,Deep-brooding silence reign'd; each labour clos'd,In sleep's soft arms the sons of toil repos'd.And now, no more the moon her glimpses shed,A sudden, black-wing'd cloud the sky o'erspread,A sullen murmur through the woodland groan'd,In woe-swoll'n sighs the hollow winds bemoan'd:Borne on the plaintive gale, a patt'ring showerIncreas'd the horrors of the evil hour.Thus, when the God of earthquakes rocks the ground,He gives the prelude in a dreary sound;O'er nature's face a horrid gloom he throws,With dismal note the cock unusual crows,A shrill-voic'd howling trembles thro' the air,As passing ghosts were weeping in despair;In dismal yells the dogs confess their fear,And shiv'ring, own some dreadful presence near.So, lower'd the night, the sullen howl the same,And, 'mid the black-wing'd gloom, stern Bacchus came;The form, and garb of Hagar's son he took,The ghost-like aspect, and the threat'ning look.Then, o'er the pillow of a furious priest,Whose burning zeal the Koran's lore profess'd,Reveal'd he stood, conspicuous in a dream,His semblance shining, as the moon's pale gleam:"And guard," he cries, "my son, O timely guard,Timely defeat the dreadful snare prepar'd:And canst thou, careless, unaffected, sleep,While these stern, lawless rovers of the deepFix on thy native shore a foreign throne,Before whose steps thy latest race shall groan!"He spoke; cold horror shook the Moorish priest;He wakes, but soon reclines in wonted rest:An airy phantom of the slumb'ring brainHe deem'd the vision; when the fiend again,With sterner mien, and fiercer accent spoke:"Oh faithless! worthy of the foreign yoke!And know'st thou not thy prophet sent by Heav'n,By whom the Koran's sacred lore was giv'n,God's chiefest gift to men: and must I leaveThe bowers of Paradise, for you to grieve,For you to watch, while, thoughtless of your woe,Ye sleep, the careless victims of the foe;The foe, whose rage will soon with cruel joy,If unoppos'd, my sacred shrines destroy?Then, while kind Heav'n th'auspicious hour bestows,Let ev'ry nerve their infant strength oppose.When, softly usher'd by the milky dawn,The sun first rises o'er the daisied lawn,His silver lustre, as the shining dewOf radiance mild, unhurt the eye may view:But, when on high the noon-tide flaming raysGive all the force of living fire to blaze,A giddy darkness strikes the conquer'd sight,That dares, in all his glow, the lord of light.Such, if on India's soil the tender shootOf these proud cedars fix the stubborn root,Such, shall your power before them sink decay'd.And India's strength shall wither in their shade."
He spoke; and, instant from his vot'ry's bedTogether with repose, the demon fled;Again cold horror shook the zealot's frame,And all his hatred of Messiah's nameBurn'd in his venom'd heart, while, veil'd in night,Right to the palace sped the demon's flight.Sleepless the king he found, in dubious thought;His conscious fraud a thousand terrors brought:All gloomy as the hour, around him stand,With haggard looks, the hoary Magi band:To trace what fates on India's wide domainAttend the rovers from unheard-of Spain,Prepar'd, in dark futurity, to proveThe hell-taught rituals of infernal Jove:Mutt'ring their charms, and spells of dreary sound,With naked feet they beat the hollow ground;Blue gleams the altar's flame along the walls,With dismal, hollow groans the victim falls;With earnest eyes the priestly band exploreThe entrails, throbbing in the living gore.And lo, permitted by the power divine,The hov'ring demon gives the dreadful sign.Here furious War her gleamy falchion draws,Here lean-ribb'd Famine writhes her falling jaws;Dire as the fiery pestilential starDarting his eyes, high on his trophied car,Stern Tyranny sweeps wide o'er India's ground;On vulture-wings fierce Rapine hovers round;Ills after ills, and India's fetter'd might,Th'eternal yoke. Loud shrieking at the sight,The starting wizards from the altar fly,And silent horror glares in ev'ry eye:Pale stands the monarch, lost in cold dismay,And, now impatient, waits the ling'ring day.
With gloomy aspect rose the ling'ring dawn,And dropping tears flow'd slowly o'er the lawn;The Moorish priest, with fear and vengeance fraught,Soon as the light appear'd his kindred sought;Appall'd, and trembling with ungen'rous fear,In secret council met, his tale they hear;As, check'd by terror or impell'd by hate,Of various means they ponder and debate,Against the Lusian train what arts employ,By force to slaughter, or by fraud destroy;Now black, now pale, their bearded cheeks appear,As boiling rage prevails, or boding fear;Beneath their shady brows, their eye-balls roll,Nor one soft gleam bespeaks the gen'rous soul;Through quiv'ring lips they draw their panting breath.While their dark fraud decrees the works of death;Nor unresolv'd the power of gold to trySwift to the lordly catual's gate they hie.--Ah, what the wisdom, what the sleepless careEfficient to avoid the traitor's snare;What human power can give a king to knowThe smiling aspect of the lurking foe!So let the tyrant plead.--The patriot kingKnows men, knows whence the patriot virtues spring;From inward worth, from conscience firm and bold,(Not from the man whose honest name is sold),He hopes that virtue, whose unalter'd weightStands fix'd, unveering with the storms of state.
Lur'd was the regent with the Moorish gold,And now agreed their fraudful course to hold,Swift to the king the regent's steps they tread;The king they found o'erwhelm'd in sacred dread.The word they take, their ancient deeds relate,Their ever faithful service of the state;"For ages long, from shore to distant shoreFor thee our ready keels the traffic bore:For thee we dar'd each horror of the wave;Whate'er thy treasures boast our labours gave.And wilt thou now confer our long-earn'd due,Confer thy favour on a lawless crew?The race they boast, as tigers of the woldBear that proud sway, by justice uncontroll'd.Yet, for their crimes, expell'd that bloody home,These, o'er the deep, rapacious plund'rers roam.Their deeds we know; round Afric's shores they came,And spread, where'er they pass'd, devouring flame;Mozambique's towers, enroll'd in sheets of fire,Blaz'd to the sky, her own funereal pyre.Imperial Calicut shall feel the same,And these proud state-rooms feed the funeral flame;While many a league far round, their joyful eyesShall mark old ocean reddening to the skies.Such dreadful fates, o'er thee, O king, depend,Yet, with thy fall our fate shall never blend:Ere o'er the east arise the second dawnOur fleets, our nation from thy land withdrawn,In other climes, beneath a kinder reignShall fix their port: yet may the threat be vain!If wiser thou with us thy powers employ,Soon shall our powers the robber-crew destroy.By their own arts and secret deeds o'ercome,Here shall they meet the fate escaped at home."
While thus the priest detain'd the monarch's ear,His cheeks confess'd the quiv'ring pulse of fear.Unconscious of the worth that fires the brave,In state a monarch, but in heart a slave,He view'd brave VASCO, and his gen'rous train,As his own passions stamp'd the conscious stain:Nor less his rage the fraudful regent fir'd;And valiant GAMA'S fate was now conspir'd.
Ambassadors from India GAMA sought,And oaths of peace, for oaths of friendship brought;The glorious tale, 'twas all he wish'd, to tell;So Ilion's fate was seal'd when Hector fell.
Again convok'd before the Indian throne,The monarch meets him with a rageful frown;"And own," he cries, "the naked truth reveal,Then shall my bounteous grace thy pardon seal.Feign'd is the treaty thou pretend'st to bring:No country owns thee, and thou own'st no king.Thy life, long roving o'er the deep, I know--A lawless robber, every man thy foe.And think'st thou credit to thy tale to gain?Mad were the sov'reign, and the hope were vain,Through ways unknown, from utmost western shore,To bid his fleets the utmost east explore.Great is thy monarch, so thy words declare;But sumptuous gifts the proof of greatness bear:Kings thus to kings their empire's grandeur show;Thus prove thy truth, thus we thy truth allow.If not, what credence will the wise afford?What monarch trust the wand'ring seaman's word?No sumptuous gift thou bring'st.--Yet, though some crimeHas thrown thee, banish'd from thy native clime,(Such oft of old the hero's fate has been),Here end thy toils, nor tempt new fates unseen:Each land the brave man nobly calls his home:Or if, bold pirates, o'er the deep you roam,Skill'd the dread storm to brave, O welcome here!Fearless of death, or shame, confess sincere:My name shall then thy dread protection be,My captain thou, unrivall'd on the sea."
Oh now, ye Muses, sing what goddess fir'dGAMA'S proud bosom, and his lips inspir'd.Fair Acidalia, love's celestial queen,The graceful goddess of the fearless mien,Her graceful freedom on his look bestow'd,And all collected in his bosom glow'd."Sov'reign," he cries, "oft witness'd, well I knowThe rageful falsehood of the Moorish foe:Their fraudful tales, from hatred bred, believ'd,Thine ear is poison'd, and thine eye deceiv'd.What light, what shade the courtier's mirror gives,That light, that shade the guarded king receives.Me hast thou view'd in colours not mine own,Yet, bold I promise shall my truth be known.If o'er the seas a lawless pest I roam,A blood-stain'd exile from my native home,How many a fertile shore and beauteous isle,Where Nature's gifts, unclaim'd, unbounded, smile,Mad have I left, to dare the burning zone,And all the horrors of the gulfs unknownThat roar beneath the axle of the world.Where ne'er before was daring sail unfurl'd!And have I left these beauteous shores behind,And have I dar'd the rage of ev'ry wind,That now breath'd fire, and now came wing'd with frost,Lur'd by the plunder of an unknown coast?Not thus the robber leaves his certain preyFor the gay promise of a nameless day.Dread and stupendous, more than death-doom'd manMight hope to compass, more than wisdom plan,To thee my toils, to thee my dangers rise:Ah! Lisbon's kings behold with other eyes.Where virtue calls, where glory leads the way,No dangers move them, and no toils dismay.Long have the kings of Lusus' daring raceResolv'd the limits of the deep to trace,Beneath the morn to ride the furthest waves,And pierce the farthest shore old Ocean laves.Sprung from the prince, before whose matchless powerThe strength of Afric wither'd as a flowerNever to bloom again, great Henry shone,Each gift of nature and of art his own;Bold as his sire, by toils on toils untir'd,To find the Indian shore his pride aspir'd.Beneath the stars that round the Hydra shine,And where fam'd Argo hangs the heav'nly sign,Where thirst and fever burn on ev'ry galeThe dauntless Henry rear'd the Lusian sail.Embolden'd by the meed that crown'd his toils,Beyond the wide-spread shores and num'rous isles,Where both the tropics pour the burning day,Succeeding heroes forc'd th' exploring way;That race which never view'd the Pleiad's car,That barb'rous race beneath the southern star,Their eyes beheld.--Dread roar'd the blast--the waveBoils to the sky, the meeting whirlwinds raveO'er the torn heav'ns; loud on their awe-struck earGreat Nature seem'd to call, 'Approach not here!'At Lisbon's court they told their dread escape,And from her raging tempests, nam'd the Cape.'Thou southmost point,' the joyful king exclaim'd,'Cape of Good Hope, be thou for ever nam'd!Onward my fleets shall dare the dreadful way,And find the regions of the infant day.'In vain the dark and ever-howling blastProclaim'd, 'This ocean never shall be past;'Through that dread ocean, and the tempests' roar,My king commanded, and my course I bore.The pillar thus of deathless fame, begunBy other chiefs, beneath the rising sunIn thy great realm, now to the skies I raise,The deathless pillar of my nation's praise.Through these wild seas no costly gift I brought;Thy shore alone and friendly peace I sought.And yet to thee the noblest gift I bringThe world can boast--the friendship of my king.And mark the word, his greatness shall appearWhen next my course to India's strand I steer,Such proofs I'll bring as never man beforeIn deeds of strife, or peaceful friendship bore.Weigh now my words, my truth demands the light,For truth shall ever boast, at last, resistless might."
Boldly the hero spake with brow severe,Of fraud alike unconscious, as of fear:His noble confidence with truth impressedSunk deep, unwelcome, in the monarch's breast,Nor wanting charms his avarice to gainAppear'd the commerce of illustrious Spain.Yet, as the sick man loathes the bitter draught,Though rich with health he knows the cup comes fraught;His health without it, self-deceiv'd, he weighs,Now hastes to quaff the drug, and now delays;Reluctant thus, as wav'ring passion veer'd,The Indian lord the dauntless GAMA heard:The Moorish threats yet sounding in his ear,He acts with caution, and is led by fear.With solemn pomp he bids his lords prepareThe friendly banquet; to the regent's careCommends brave GAMA, and with pomp retires:The regent's hearths awake the social fires;Wide o'er the board the royal feast is spread,And, fair embroidered, shines DE GAMA'S bed.The regent's palace high o'erlook'd the bayWhere GAMA'S black-ribb'd fleet at anchor lay.
Ah, why the voice of ire and bitter woeO'er Tago's banks, ye nymphs of Tagus, show?The flow'ry garlands from your ringlets torn,Why wand'ring wild with trembling steps forlorn?The demon's rage you saw, and mark'd his flightTo the dark mansions of eternal night:You saw how, howling through the shades beneath,He wak'd new horrors in the realms of death.What trembling tempests shook the thrones of hell,And groan'd along her caves, ye muses, tell.The rage of baffled fraud, and all the fireOf powerless hate, with tenfold flames conspire;From ev'ry eye the tawny lightnings glare,And hell, illumin'd by the ghastly flare,(A drear blue gleam), in tenfold horror showsHer darkling caverns; from his dungeon roseHagar's stern son: pale was his earthy hue,And from his eye-balls flash'd the lightnings blue;Convuls'd with rage the dreadful shade demandsThe last assistance of th' infernal bands.As when the whirlwinds, sudden bursting, bearTh' autumnal leaves high floating through the air;So, rose the legions of th' infernal state,Dark Fraud, base Art, fierce Rage, and burning Hate:Wing'd by the Furies to the Indian strandThey bend; the demon leads the dreadful band,And, in the bosoms of the raging MoorsAll their collected, living strength he pours.One breast alone against his rage was steel'd,Secure in spotless Truth's celestial shield.
One evening past, another evening clos'd,The regent still brave GAMA'S suit oppos'd;The Lusian chief his guarded guest detain'd,With arts on arts, and vows of friendship feign'd.His fraudful art, though veil'd in deep disguise,Shone bright to GAMA'S manner-piercing eyes.As in the sun's bright beam the gamesome boyPlays with the shining steel or crystal toy,Swift and irregular, by sudden starts,The living ray with viewless motion darts,Swift o'er the wall, the floor, the roof, by turnsThe sun-beam dances, and the radiance burns:In quick succession, thus, a thousand viewsThe sapient Lusian's lively thought pursues;Quick as the lightning ev'ry view revolves,And, weighing all, fix'd are his dread resolves.O'er India's shore the sable night descends,And GAMA, now, secluded from his friends,Detain'd a captive in the room of state,Anticipates in thought to-morrow's fate;For just Mozaide no gen'rous care delays,And VASCO'S trust with friendly toils repays.
Words in this poem 131
- sire n.
- A lord, master, or other person in authority. See Sir. [F. sire, originally, an older person. See Sir.]
- sweepy a.
- Moving with a sweeping motion.
- valiant a.
- Vigorous in body; strong; powerful; as, a valiant fencer. [OE. valiant, F. vaillant, OF. vaillant, valant, originally p. pr. of OF. & F. valoir to be worth, L. valere to be strong. See Wield, and cf. Avail, Convalesce, ]
- hoar v. t.
- To become moldy or musty. [AS. harian to grow gray.]
- yore adv.
- In time long past; in old time; long since. [OE. , yare, , AS. geára;akin to geár a year, E. year. Year.]
- compeer
- An equal, as in rank, age, prowess, etc.; a companion; a comrade; a mate. [OE. comper, through French fr. L. compar; com- + par equal. See Peer an equal, and cf. 1st Compare.]
- bade
- A form of the pat tense of Bid.
- dreary a.
- Sorrowful; distressful. [OE. dreori, dreri, AS. dreórig, sad; akin to G. traurig, and prob. to AS. dreósan to fall, Goth. driusan. Cf. Dross, Drear, Drizzle, Drowse.]
- abode n.
- Act of waiting; delay. [OE. abad, abood, fr. abiden to abide. See Abide. For the change of vowel, cf. abode, imp. of abide.]
- elysium n.
- A dwelling place assigned to happy souls after death; the seat of future happiness; Paradise.
- deathless a.
- Not subject to death, destruction, or extinction; immortal; undying; imperishable; as, deathless beings; deathless fame.
- clime n.
- A climate; a tract or region of the earth. See Climate. [L. clima. See Climate.]
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- jove n.
- The chief divinity of the ancient Romans; Jupiter. [L. Jupiter, gen. Jovis, OL. Jovis, nom. & gen. for Djovis; akin to E. Tuesday. See Tuesday, and cf. Jupiter.]
- asian a.
- Of or pertaining to Asia; Asiatic. [L. Asianus, Gr. Asia.]
- lisbon n.
- A sweet, light-colored species of wine, produced in the province of Estremadura, and so called as being shipped from Lisbon, in Portugal.
- dire a.
- Ill-boding; portentous; as, dire omens. [L. dirus; of uncertain origin.]
- corse n.
- A living body or its bulk. [OF. cors, F. corps. See Corpse.]
- drove n.
- A collection of cattle driven, or cattle collected for driving; a number of animals, as oxen, sheep, or swine, driven in a body. [AS. draf, fr. drifan to drive. See Drive.]
- glorious a.
- Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.]
- deem v. t.
- To decide; to judge; to sentence; to condemn. [OE. demen to judge, condemn, AS. d, fr. d doom; akin to OFries. d, OS. ad, D. doemen, OHG. tuommen, Icel. dæma, Sw. dömma, Dan. dömme, Goth. d. See Doom, n., an]
- haughty a.
- High; lofty; bold. [OE. hautein, F. hautain, fr. haut high, OF. also halt, fr. L. altus. See Altitude.]
- sanctify v. t.
- To make sacred or holy; to set apart to a holy or religious use; to consecrate by appropriate rites; to hallow. [F. sanctifier, L. sanctificare; sanctus holy + - ficare (in comp.) to make. See Saint, and -fy.]
- waft v. t.
- To give notice to by waving something; to wave the hand to; to beckon. [Prob. originally imp. & p. p. of wave, v. t. See Wave to waver.]
- aloud adv.
- With a loud voice, or great noise; loudly; audibly. [Pref. a- + loud.]
- armour n.
- Defensive arms for the body; any clothing or covering worn to protect one's person in battle. [OE. armure, fr. F. armure, OF. armeure, fr. L. armatura. See Armature.]
- courser n.
- One who courses or hunts. [F. coursier.]
- hoary a.
- White or whitish."The hoary willows."
- rageful a.
- Full of rage; expressing rage.
- spouse v. t.
- To wed; to espouse. [See Espouse, and Spouse, n.]
- atone v. t.
- To set at one; to reduce to concord; to reconcile, as parties at variance; to appease.
- enfold v. t.
- To infold. See Infold.
- aspire v. t.
- To aspire to; to long for; to try to reach; to mount to.
- amid prep.
- In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
- unfurl v. t.
- To loose from a furled state; to unfold; to expand; to open or spread; as, to unfurl sails; to unfurl a flag. [1st pref. un- + furl.]
- boldly adv.
- In a bold manner. [AS. bealdlice.]
- crashing n.
- The noise of many things falling and breaking at once.
- adown adv.
- From a higher to a lower situation; downward; down, to or on the ground. [OE. adun, adoun, adune. AS. of dune off the hill. See Down.]
- dauntless a.
- Incapable of being daunted; undaunted; bold; fearless; intrepid.
- falchion n.
- A broad-bladed sword, slightly curved, shorter and lighter than the ordinary sword; -- used in the Middle Ages. [OE. fauchon, OF. fauchon, LL. fälcio, fr. L. falx, falcis, a sickle, cf. Gr. falcon; cf. It. falcione. Cf. Defalcation.]
- honour n.
- Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence. [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor, honur, onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.]
- castilian n.
- An inhabitant or native of Castile, in Spain. [Sp. castellano, from Castila, NL. Castilia, Castella. Castile, which received its name from the castles erected on the frontiers as a barrier against the Moors.]
- tore n.
- The dead grass that remains on mowing land in winter and spring. Mortimer. [Probably from the root of tear; cf. W. tór a break, cut, tóri to break, cut.]
- alcazar n.
- A fortress; also, a royal palace. Prescott. [fr. Ar. al the + qacr (in pl.) a castle.]
- mitre n.
- A covering for the head, worn on solemn occasions by church dignitaries. It has been made in many forms, the present form being a lofty cap with two points or peaks. Fairholt.
- pent p. p.
- Penned or shut up; confined; -- often with up. [From Pen, v. t.]
- castled a.
- Having a castle or castles; supporting a castle; as, a castled height or crag.
- defence n.
- The act of defending, or the state of being defended; protection, as from violence or danger. [F. défense, OF. defense, fem., defens, masc., fr. L. defensa (cf. Fence.]
- deplore v. t.
- To feel or to express deep and poignant grief for; to bewail; to lament; to mourn; to sorrow over. [L. deplorare; de- + plorare to cry out, wail, lament; prob. akin to pluere to rain, and to E. flow: cf. F. déplorer. Cf. Flow.]
- tourney v. i.
- To perform in tournaments; to tilt. [Cf.OF. torneier. See Tourney, n.]
- rode n.
- Redness; complexion. [See Rud.]
- rancour n.
- The deepest malignity or spite; deep-seated enmity or malice; inveterate hatred. [OE. rancour, OF. rancor, rancur, F. rancune, fr. L. rancor rancidity, rankness; tropically, an old grudge, rancor, fr. rancere to be rank or rancid.]
- admire v. t.
- To regard with wonder or astonishment; to view with surprise; to marvel at. [F. admirer, fr. L. admirari; ad + mirari to wonder, for smirari, akin to Gr. smi, and E. smile.]
- dwell v. i.
- To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
- sable n.
- A carnivorous animal of the Weasel family (Mustela zibellina) native of the northern latitudes of Europe, Asia, and America, -- noted for its fine, soft, and valuable fur. [OF. sable, F. zibeline sable (in sense 4), LL. sabellum; cf. D. sabel, Dan. sabel, zobel, Sw. sabel, sobel, G. zobel; all fr. Russ. sóbole.]
- fleecy a.
- Covered with, made of, or resembling, a fleece.
- glade n.
- An open passage through a wood; a grassy open or cleared space in a forest. [Prob. of Scand. origin, and akin to glad, a.; cf. also W. golead, goleuad, a lighting, illumination, fr. goleu light, clear, bright, goleu fwlch glade, lit., a ]
- goodly a.
- Pleasant; agreeable; desirable. [OE. godlich, AS. g. See Good, and Like.]
- taintless a.
- Free from taint or infection; pure.
- meed v. t.
- To reward; to repay. Waytt.
- steed n.
- A horse, especially a spirited horse for state of war; -- used chiefly in poetry or stately prose. [OE. stede, AS. steda a stud-horse, war horse, fr. stod a stud of breeding steeds; akin to G. stute a mare, Icel. stedda, sto, a stud. *163. See Stud of horses.]
- harbour n.
- A station for rest and entertainment; a place of security and comfort; a refuge; a shelter. [OE herbor, herberwe, herberge, Icel. herbergi (cf. OHG. heriberga), orig., a shelter for soldiers; herr army + bjarga to save, help, defend; akin to AS. here ar]
- enclose v. t.
- To inclose. See Inclose. [F. enclos, p. p. of enclore to enclose; pref. en- (L. in) + clore to close. See Close, and cf. Inclose, Include.]
- dreadless a.
- Free from dread; fearless; intrepid; dauntless; as, dreadless heart.
- rill n.
- A very small brook; a streamlet. [Cf. LG. rille a small channel or brook, a furrow, a chamfer, OE. rigol a small brook, F. rigole a trench or furrow for water, W. rhill a row, rhigol a little di]
- forlorn a.
- Deserted abandoned; lost. [OE., p.p. of forlesen to lose utterly, AS. forleósan (p.p. forloren); pref. for- + leósan (in comp.) to lose; cf. D. verliezen to lose, G. verlieren, Sw. förlor]
- dreadful a.
- Full of dread or terror; fearful.
- succour v. t.
- tiono run to, or run to support; hence, to help or relieve when in difficulty, want, or distress; to assist and deliver from suffering; to relieve; as, to succor a besieged city. [OE. socouren, OF. sucurre, soucourre, secorre, F. secourir, L. succurrere, succursum, to run under, run to the aid of, help, succor; sub under + currere to run.]
- waning n.
- The act or process of waning, or decreasing.
- strife n.
- The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
- wealth n.
- Weal; welfare; prosperity; good. [OE. welthe, from wele; cf. D. weelde luxury. See Weal prosperity.]
- explore v. t.
- To seek for or after; to strive to attain by search; to look wisely and carefully for. [L. explorare to explore; ex out+plorare to cry out aloud,prob. orig., to cause to flow; perh. akin to E. flow: cf. F. explorer.]
- discoverer n.
- One who discovers; one who first comes to the knowledge of something; one who discovers an unknown country, or a new principle, truth, or fact.
- astound a.
- Stunned; astounded; astonished. [OE. astouned, astound, astoned, p. p. of astone. See Astone.]
- friendless a.
- Destitute of friends; forsaken. [AS. freóndleás.]
- aslant adv.
- Toward one side; in a slanting direction; obliquely. [Pref. a- + slant.]
- twinkling n.
- The act of one who, or of that which, twinkles; a quick movement of the eye; a wink; a twinkle. Holland.
- afar adv.
- At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off. [Pref. a-.(for on or of) + far.]
- sullen a.
- Lonely; solitary; desolate. Wyclif (Job iii. 14). [OE. solein, solain, lonely, sullen; through Old French fr. (assumed) LL. solanus solitary, fr. L. solus alone. See Sole, a.]
- horrid a.
- Rough; rugged; bristling. [L. horridus. See Horror, and cf. Ordure.]
- dismal a.
- Fatal; ill-omened; unlucky. [Formerly a noun; e. g., "I trow it was in the dismalle." Chaucer. Of uncertain origin; but perh. (as suggested by Skeat) from OF. disme, F. dîme, tithe, the phr]
- garb n.
- External appearance, as expressive of the feelings or character; looks; fashion or manner, as of speech. [OF. garbe looks, countenance, grace, ornament, fr. OHG. garawi, garwi, ornament, dress. akin to E. gear. See Gear, n.]
- ghost n.
- The spirit; the soul of man. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gast breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
- defeat v. t.
- To undo; to disfigure; to destroy. [From F. défait, OF. desfait, p. p. ofe défaire, OF. desfaire, to undo; L. dis- + facere to do. See Feat, Fact, and cf. Disfashion.]
- unaffected a.
- Not affected or moved; destitute of affection or emotion; uninfluenced.
- spoke n.
- The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, spaca; akin to D. speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. sq. root170. Cf. Spike a nail.]
- shook v. t.
- To pack, as staves, in a shook.
- wonted a.
- Accustomed; customary; usual.
- sterner n.
- A director. Dr. R. Clerke. [See 3d Stern.]
- chiefest a.
- First or foremost; chief; principal. [Superl. of Chief.]
- daisied a.
- Full of daisies; adorned with daisies.
- lustre n.
- A period of five years; a lustrum. [L. lustrum: cf. F. lustre.]
- sleepless a.
- Having no sleep; wakeful.
- dubious a.
- Doubtful or not settled in opinion; being in doubt; wavering or fluctuating; undetermined. [L. dubius, dubiosus, fr. duo two. See Two, and cf. Doubt.]
- haggard a.
- Wild or intractable; disposed to break away from duty; untamed; as, a haggard or refractory hawk. Shak [F. hagard; of German origin, and prop. meaning, of the hegde or woods, wild, untamed. See Hedge, 1st Haw, and -ard.]
- unheard a.
- Not heard; not perceived by the ear; as, words unheard by those present.
- futurity n.
- State of being that is yet to come; future state.
- gleamy a.
- Darting beams of light; casting light in rays; flashing; coruscating.
- famine n.
- General scarcity of food; dearth; a want of provisions; destitution. [F. famine, fr. L. fames hunger; cf. Gr. hani loss, lack, ha to leave.]
- trophied a.
- Adorned with trophies.
- fraught n.
- A freight; a cargo. [OE.fraight, fraght; akin to Dan. fragt, Sw. frakt, D. vracht, G. fracht, cf. OHG. fr merit, reward; perh. from corresponding to E. for + The root of E. own. Cf.]
- boding a.
- Foreshowing; presaging; ominous.
- avoid v. t.
- To empty. Wyclif. [OF. esvuidier, es (L. ex) + vuidier, voidier, to empty. See Void, a.]
- conscience n.
- Knowledge of one's own thoughts or actions; consciousness. [F. conscience, fr. L. conscientia, fr. consciens, p.pr. of conscire to know, to be conscious; con- + scire to know. See Science.]
- fraudful a.
- Full of fraud, deceit, or treachery; trickish; treacherous; fraudulent; -- applied to persons or things. I. Taylor.
- keels n.
- Ninepins. See Kayles.
- favour n.
- Kind regard; propitious aspect; countenance; friendly disposition; kindness; good will. [Written also favour.]
- wold n.
- A wood; a forest. [OE. wold, wald, AS. weald, wald, a wood, forest; akin to OFries. & OS. wald, D. woud, G. wald, Icel. völlr, a field, and probably to Gr. va a garden, inclosure.]
- pyre n.
- A funeral pile; a combustible heap on which the dead are burned; hence, any pile to be burnt. [L. pure, Gr. Fire.]
- bounteous a.
- Liberal in charity; disposed to give freely; generously liberal; munificent; beneficent; free in bestowing gifts; as, bounteous production. [OE. bountevous, fr. bounte bounty.]
- unseen a.
- Not seen or discovered.
- nobly adv.
- Of noble extraction; as, nobly born or descended.
- hast
- , 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
- pest n.
- A fatal epidemic disease; a pestilence; specif., the plague. [L. pestis: cf. F. peste.]
- beauteous a.
- Full of beauty; beautiful; very handsome. [Mostly poetic] -- Beau"te*ous*ly, adv. --
- isle v. t.
- To cause to become an island, or like an island; to surround or encompass; to island.
- nameless a.
- Without a name; not having been given a name; as, a nameless star.
- stupendous a.
- Astonishing; wonderful; amazing; especially, astonishing in magnitude or elevation; as, a stupendous pile. [L. stupendus astonishing, p. future pass. of stupere to be astonished at. Cf. Stupid.]
- morn n.
- The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
- southmost a.
- Farthest toward the south; southernmost.
- resistless a.
- Having no power to resist; making no opposition.
- avarice n.
- An excessive or inordinate desire of gain; greediness after wealth; covetousness; cupidity. [F. avaritia, fr. avarus avaricious, prob. fr. av to covert, fr. a root av to satiate one's self: cf. Gr. av to satiate one's self, rejoice, protect.]
- quaff v. t.
- To drink with relish; to drink copiously of; to swallow in large draughts. [For quach, fr. Gael. & Ir. cuach a drinking cup; cf. L. caucus a drinking vessel. Cf. Quaigh.]
- glare v. i.
- To shine with a bright, dazzling light. [OE. glaren, gloren; cf. AS. glær amber, LG. glaren to glow or burn like coals, D. gloren to glimmer; prob. akin to E. glass.]
- flare v. i.
- To burn with an unsteady or waving flame; as, the candle flares. [Cf. Norw. flara to blaze, flame, adorn with tinsel, dial. Sw. flasa upp, and E. flash, or flacker.]
- drear n.
- Sadness; dismalness.
- darkling a.
- Becoming dark or gloomy; frowing.
- dungeon n.
- A close, dark prison, commondonjon or keep of a castle, these being used as prisons. [OE. donjoun highest tower of a castle, tower, prison, F. donjon tower or platform in the midst of a castle, turret, or closet on the top of a house, a keep of a]
- gamesome a.
- Gay; sportive; playful; frolicsome; merry.
- viewless a.
- Not perceivable by the eye; invisible; unseen.
- sapient a.
- Wise; sage; discerning; -- often in irony or contempt. [L. sapiens, -entis, p.pr. of sapere to taste to have sense, to know. See Sage, a.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Book VIII is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Lusiad, Project Gutenberg ebook #32528, the William Julius Mickle translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Luís de Camões, Book VIII, in The Lusiad (1776), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #32528, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/lusiads/book-viii.html, id L14374.
Form and metre
Book VIII is 708 lines in 24 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 94% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 93%). 96% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.1 syllables. 21 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 18% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 AABBCC view'dA · endu'dA · rightB · whiteB · wordC · lordC
- 2 -ABBAACCDD----EEFFGGHHIIJJKKLL far · warA · augustB · unjustB · boreA · yoreA · dearC · compeerC · curl'dD · worldD · waste · pass'd · god · abode · reign'dE · feign'dE · rovesF · grovesF · fameG · nameG · displaysH · daysH · paidI · maidI · divineJ · shrineJ · destroyK · troyK · skiesL · riseL
- 3 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPP plainA · slainA · dismayB · displayB · repliesC · fliesC · woesD · roseD · fameE · nameE · boreF · moreF · forceG · corseG · beholdH · boldH · divin'dI · hindI · fledJ · ledJ · droveK · joveK · ownL · throneL · raceM · traceM · expell'dN · quell'dN · meadsO · leadsO · crownP · downP
- 4 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQRRSSTTUU exclaimsA · flamesA · courseB · forceB · foesC · opposeC · o'erD · goreD · roundE · resoundE · criesF · eyesF · droveG · loveG · woundH · groundH · dar'dI · warr'dI · ownJ · frownJ · eyesK · criesK · boyL · joyL · recedesM · bleedsM · faithN · deathN · layO · payO · spurnsP · burnsP · leadsQ · weedsQ · boundR · groundR · throneS · atoneS · boastT · hostT · mindU · resign'dU
- 5 AABB--CCDDEE----FFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQRRSS beholdA · enfoldA · springsB · wingsB · pours · moors · sendsC · bendsC · displaysD · raysD · flyE · skyE · aspire · fire · boil · mile · blazeF · decaysF · dreadG · bledG · mainH · reignH · zoneI · ownI · fightJ · mightJ · liesK · skiesK · portray'dL · aidL · spreadM · dreadM · displayN · wayN · shoreO · goreO · towersP · powersP · fightQ · knightQ · beholdR · goldR · aroseS · flowsS
- 6 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHII--JJKK-L---LMMNNOOPPQQPPRRSSTT--UUVVWWXX--YYZZaa--bbccddeeff--gghhiijjkkllmm----nnoo criesA · riseA · advanceB · lanceB · fallC · wallC · spearsD · rearsD · plainE · slainE · claimF · sameF · diesG · liesG · blazeH · displaysH · ridesI · glidesI · bears · rears · riseJ · prizeJ · paysK · displaysK · bears · rearsL · revenge · change · bears · spearsL · forceM · courseM · shoreN · toreN · groundO · boundO · beholdP · goldP · advanceQ · lanceQ · boldP · unfoldP · dayR · arrayR · plainS · slainS · wallsT · fallsT · shines · twines · hostU · boastU · strandV · landV · affordW · swordW · preyX · dayX · deplore · moor · franceY · lanceY · beheldZ · swell'dZ · surrounda · grounda · fire · admire · feetb · meetb · bendc · friendc · coldd · boldd · thronee · alonee · leadsf · bleedsf · dare · war · dwellg · fellg · bandsh · standsh · awayi · surveyi · imploresj · adoresj · speedk · decreedk · callsl · fallsl · fledm · spreadm · replies · sacrifice · inquire · sire · famen · namen · greyo · surveyo
- 7 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHII shieldA · fieldA · preyB · wayB · gladeC · shadeC · flightD · rightD · swordE · restor'dE · woeF · snowF · eyesG · diesG · beholdH · roll'dH · plainI · spainI
- 8 AABBCCDDEE viewA · fewA · encloseB · rowsB · ridesC · sidesC · knightD · mightD · preyE · awayE
- 9 AABBCCDDEEFFGG hillA · rillA · foesB · encloseB · bloodC · withstoodC · toreD · boreD · flameE · sameE · spearF · fearF · rightG · fightG
- 10 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHH coastA · hostA · towersB · powersB · boreC · yoreC · surroundD · groundD · dayE · displayE · fallsF · wallsF · appearsG · spearsG · strifeH · lifeH
- 11 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJIEEE shineA · lineA · knownB · shoneB · nameC · flameC · inspir'dD · fir'dD · shoreE · beforeE · landF · commandF · shinesG · linesG · displaysH · betraysH · spearI · earI · swordJ · begor'dJ · dareI · warE · goreE · moreE
- 12 AABBCC shineA · lineA · prideB · diedB · gaveC · graveC
- 13 AABBCCDDEE explain'dA · contain'dA · untir'dB · inquir'dB · taleC · galeC · shoreD · hoarD · bandE · strandE
- 14 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQRRSSTTUUVVWWXXYYZZaabbccddee boughsA · aroseA · starB · afarB · clos'dC · repos'dC · shedD · o'erspreadD · groan'dE · bemoan'dE · showerF · hourF · groundG · soundG · throwsH · crowsH · airI · despairI · fearJ · nearJ · sameK · cameK · tookL · lookL · priestM · profess'dM · dreamN · gleamN · guardO · prepar'dO · sleepP · deepP · throneQ · groanQ · priestR · restR · brainS · againS · spokeT · yokeT · heav'nU · giv'nU · leaveV · grieveV · woeW · foeW · joyX · destroyX · bestowsY · opposeY · dawnZ · lawnZ · dewa · viewa · raysb · blazeb · sightc · lightc · shootd · rootd · decay'de · shadee
- 15 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQ bedA · fledA · frameB · nameB · nightC · flightC · thoughtD · broughtD · standE · bandE · domainF · spainF · proveG · joveG · soundH · groundH · wallsI · fallsI · exploreJ · goreJ · divineK · signK · drawsL · jawsL · starM · carM · groundN · roundN · mightO · sightO · flyP · eyeP · dismayQ · dayQ
- 16 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNN dawnA · lawnA · fraughtB · soughtB · fearC · hearC · hateD · debateD · employE · destroyE · appearF · fearF · rollG · soulG · breathH · deathH · tryI · hieI · careJ · snareJ · knowK · foeK · kingL · springL · boldM · soldM · weightN · stateN
- 17 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQ goldA · holdA · treadB · dreadB · relateC · stateC · shoreD · boreD · waveE · gaveE · dueF · crewF · woldG · uncontroll'dG · homeH · roamH · cameI · flameI · fireJ · pyreJ · sameK · flameK · eyesL · skiesL · dependM · blendM · dawnN · withdrawnN · reignO · vainO · employP · destroyP · o'ercomeQ · homeQ
- 18 AABBCCDD earA · fearA · braveB · slaveB · trainC · stainC · fir'dD · conspir'dD
- 19 AABB soughtA · broughtA · tellB · fellB
- 20 --AABBCCDDEEFFC---GG--HHIIJJ throne · frown · revealA · sealA · bringB · kingB · knowC · foeC · gainD · vainD · shoreE · exploreE · declareF · bearF · showC · allow · afford · word · crimeG · climeG · been · unseen · homeH · roamH · hereI · sincereI · beJ · seaJ
- 21 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQRRSSTTUUVVWWXXYYZZaabbccddeeffgghhiijjkkllmmnnoo fir'dA · inspir'dA · queenB · mienB · bestow'dC · glow'dC · knowD · foeD · believ'dE · deceiv'dE · givesF · receivesF · ownG · knownG · roamH · homeH · isleI · smileI · zoneJ · unknownJ · worldK · unfurl'dK · behindL · windL · frostM · coastM · preyN · dayN · manO · planO · riseP · eyesP · wayQ · dismayQ · raceR · traceR · wavesS · lavesS · powerT · flowerT · shoneU · ownU · untir'dV · aspir'dV · shineW · signW · galeX · sailX · toilsY · islesY · dayZ · wayZ · cara · stara · waveb · raveb · earc · herec · escaped · caped · exclaim'de · nam'de · wayf · dayf · blastg · pastg · roarh · boreh · beguni · suni · raisej · praisej · broughtk · soughtk · bringl · kingl · appearm · steerm · beforen · boren · lighto · mighto
- 22 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKK severeA · fearA · impressedB · breastB · gainC · spainC · draughtD · fraughtD · weighsE · delaysE · veer'dF · heardF · earG · fearG · prepareH · careH · retiresI · firesI · spreadJ · bedJ · bayK · layK
- 23 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOO woeA · showA · tornB · forlornB · flightC · nightC · beneathD · deathD · hellE · tellE · fireF · conspireF · glareG · flareG · showsH · roseH · hueI · blueI · demandsJ · bandsJ · bearK · airK · stateL · hateL · strandM · bandM · moorsN · poursN · steel'dO · shieldO
- 24 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKK clos'dA · oppos'dA · detain'dB · feign'dB · disguiseC · eyesC · boyD · toyD · startsE · dartsE · turnsF · burnsF · viewsG · pursuesG · revolvesH · resolvesH · descendsI · friendsI · stateJ · fateJ · delaysK · repaysK
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| With eye unmov'd the silent CATUAL view'd | 10 | ··˘/·/˘··· |
| The pictur'd sire with seeming life endu'd; | 10 | ·/˘/·/˘·˘/ |
| A verdant vine-bough waving in his right, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Smooth flow'd his sweepy beard of glossy white, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| When thus, as swift the Moor unfolds the word, | 10 | ······˘/·· |
| The valiant Paulus to the Indian lord:-- | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| "Bold though these figures frown, yet bolder far | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| These godlike heroes shin'd in ancient war. | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| In that hoar sire, of mien serene, august, | 11 | ···/˘··˘//˘ |
| Lusus behold, no robber-chief unjust; | 10 | ··˘/·/˘·˘/ |
| His cluster'd bough--the same which Bacchus bore-- | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| He waves, the emblem of his care of yore; | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| The friend of savage man, to Bacchus dear, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| The son of Bacchus, or the bold compeer, | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| What time his yellow locks with vine-leaves curl'd, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| The youthful god subdued the savage world, | 10 | ·/˘·˘/·/˘· |
| Bade vineyards glisten o'er the dreary waste, | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| And humaniz'd the nations as he pass'd. | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Lusus, the lov'd companion of the god, | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| In Spain's fair bosom fix'd his last abode, | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| Our kingdom founded, and illustrious reign'd | 10 | //˘/˘·˘/˘· |
| In those fair lawns, the bless'd Elysium feign'd, | 10 | ······˘/˘· |
| Where, winding oft, the Guadiana roves, | 9 | ·/˘······ |
| And Douro murmurs through, the flow'ry groves. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Here, with his bones, he left his deathless fame, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| And Lusitania's clime shall ever bear his name. | 11 | ··˘/˘··/··· |
| That other chief th' embroider'd silk displays, | 10 | ·/˘·˘/˘·˘/ |
| Toss'd o'er the deep whole years of weary days, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| On Tago's banks, at last, his vows he paid: | 10 | ·········· |
| To wisdom's godlike power, the Jove-born maid, | 10 | ·/˘/˘/···· |
| Who fir'd his lips with eloquence divine, | 10 | ·/···/˘˘˘/ |
| On Tago's banks he rear'd the hallow'd shrine. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Ulysses he, though fated to destroy, | 10 | ˘/˘··/˘·˘/ |
| On Asian ground, the heav'n-built towers of Troy, | 10 | ·/˘····/·· |
| On Europe's strand, more grateful to the skies, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| He bade th' eternal walls of Lisbon rise." | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘· |
| "But who that godlike terror of the plain, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Who strews the smoking field with heaps of slain? | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| What num'rous legions fly in dire dismay, | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| Whose standards wide the eagle's wings display?" | 10 | ·/˘··/˘·˘/ |
| The pagan asks: the brother chief replies:-- | 10 | ·/˘··/˘·˘/ |
| "Unconquer'd deem'd, proud Rome's dread standard flies, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| His crook thrown by, fir'd by his nation's woes, | 10 | ····/··/˘· |
| The hero-shepherd Viriatus rose; | 9 | ·/˘/˘···· |
| His country sav'd proclaim'd his warlike fame, | 10 | ·/˘·˘/·/·· |
| And Rome's wide empire trembled at his name. | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| That gen'rous pride which Rome to Pyrrhus bore, | 10 | ·········· |
| To him they show'd not; for they fear'd him more. | 10 | ·········· |
| Not on the field o'ercome by manly force, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Peaceful he slept; and now, a murder'd corse, | 10 | /˘·····/˘· |
| By treason slain, he lay. How stern, behold, | 10 | ·/˘·····˘/ |
| That other hero, firm, erect, and bold: | 10 | ·/˘/˘·˘/·· |
| The power by which he boasted he divin'd, | 10 | ·/···/˘··· |
| Beside him pictur'd stands, the milk-white hind: | 10 | ˘/·/˘····· |
| Injur'd by Rome, the stern Sertorius fled | 10 | /˘········ |
| To Tago's shore, and Lusus' offspring led; | 10 | ·······/·· |
| Their worth he knew; in scatter'd flight he drove | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| The standards painted with the birds of Jove. | 10 | ·/˘/˘····· |
| And lo, the flag whose shining colours own | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| The glorious founder of the Lusian throne! | 10 | ·/˘/˘····· |
| Some deem the warrior of Hungarian race, | 10 | ···/˘·˘/˘· |
| Some from Lorraine the godlike hero trace. | 10 | ··˘/·/˘/˘· |
| From Tagus' banks the haughty Moor expell'd, | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| Galicia's sons, and and Leon's warriors quell'd, | 11 | ˘/˘···/˘/˘· |
| To weeping Salem's ever-hallow'd meads, | 10 | ·/˘/˘/˘/˘· |
| His warlike bands the holy Henry leads; | 10 | ·/···/˘/˘· |
| By holy war to sanctify his crown, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘˘·· |
| And, to his latest race, auspicious waft it down." | 12 | ···/˘·˘/˘··· |
| "And who this awful chief?" aloud exclaims | 10 | ···/˘·˘/˘/ |
| The wond'ring regent. "O'er the field he flames | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| In dazzling steel; where'er he bends his course | 11 | ·/˘·˘˘/···· |
| The battle sinks beneath his headlong force: | 10 | ·/˘····/·· |
| Against his troops, though few, the num'rous foes | 10 | ·········· |
| In vain their spears and tow'ry walls oppose. | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| With smoking blood his armour sprinkled o'er, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/˘· |
| High to the knees his courser paws in gore: | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| O'er crowns and blood-stain'd ensigns scatter'd round | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| He rides; his courser's brazen hoofs resound." | 10 | ···/˘/˘··/ |
| "In that great chief," the second GAMA cries, | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| "The first Alonzo strikes thy wond'ring eyes. | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| From Lusus' realm the pagan Moors he drove; | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Heav'n, whom he lov'd, bestow'd on him such love, | 10 | ····˘/···· |
| Beneath him, bleeding of its mortal wound, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| The Moorish strength lay prostrate on the ground. | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Nor Ammon's son, nor greater Julius dar'd | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/˘· |
| With troops so few, with hosts so num'rous warr'd: | 10 | ·········· |
| Nor less shall Fame the subject heroes own: | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| Behold that hoary warrior's rageful frown! | 10 | ˘/·/˘/˘/˘· |
| On his young pupil's flight his burning eyes | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| He darts, and, 'Turn thy flying host,' he cries, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| 'Back to the field!' The vet'ran and the boy | 10 | ·········· |
| Back to the field exult with furious joy: | 10 | ····˘/·/˘· |
| Their ranks mow'd down, the boastful foe recedes, | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| The vanquish'd triumph, and the victor bleeds. | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| Again, that mirror of unshaken faith, | 10 | ˘/·/˘·˘/˘· |
| Egaz behold, a chief self-doom'd to death. | 10 | ··˘/······ |
| Beneath Castilia's sword his monarch lay; | 10 | ·······/·· |
| Homage he vow'd his helpless king should pay; | 10 | /˘···/˘··· |
| His haughty king reliev'd, the treaty spurns, | 10 | ·/˘·˘/·/˘· |
| With conscious pride the noble Egaz burns; | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| His comely spouse and infant race he leads, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Himself the same, in sentenced felons' weeds, | 10 | ˘/···/˘/˘· |
| Around their necks the knotted halters bound, | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| With naked feet they tread the flinty ground; | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| And, prostrate now before Castilia's throne, | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Their offer'd lives their monarch's pride atone. | 10 | ·/˘··/··˘/ |
| Ah Rome! no more thy gen'rous consul boast. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Whose 'lorn submission sav'd his ruin'd host: | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘· |
| No father's woes assail'd his stedfast mind; | 10 | ·/˘·˘/···· |
| The dearest ties the Lusian chief resign'd. | 10 | ·/˘·····˘/ |
| "There, by the stream, a town besieged behold, | 10 | ······˘/˘/ |
| The Moorish tents the shatter'd walls enfold. | 10 | ·/˘··/˘·˘/ |
| Fierce as the lion from the covert springs, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| When hunger gives his rage the whirlwind's wings; | 10 | ·/˘····/·· |
| From ambush, lo, the valiant Fuaz pours, | 10 | ·/···/˘··· |
| And whelms in sudden rout th'astonish'd Moors. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| The Moorish king in captive chains he sends; | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| And, low at Lisbon's throne, the royal captive bends. | 12 | ···/˘··/˘/˘· |
| Fuaz again the artist's skill displays; | 10 | ··˘/·/˘·˘/ |
| Far o'er the ocean shine his ensign's rays: | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| In crackling flames the Moorish galleys fly, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/˘· |
| And the red blaze ascends the blushing sky: | 10 | ····˘/·/˘· |
| O'er Avila's high steep the flames aspire, | 10 | ·˘/˘····˘/ |
| And wrap the forests in a sheet of fire: | 11 | ···/˘····/˘ |
| There seem the waves beneath the prows to boil; | 10 | ·········· |
| And distant, far around for many a mile, | 10 | ·/˘····/·· |
| The glassy deep reflects the ruddy blaze; | 10 | ·/˘·˘/·/˘· |
| Far on the edge the yellow light decays, | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| And blends with hov'ring blackness. Great and dread | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Thus shone the day when first the combat bled, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| The first our heroes battled on the main, | 10 | ··//˘/˘··· |
| The glorious prelude of our naval reign, | 10 | ·/˘/··//˘· |
| Which, now the waves beyond the burning zone, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| And northern Greenland's frost-bound billows own. | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| Again behold brave Fuaz dares the fight! | 10 | ˘/˘/······ |
| O'erpower'd he sinks beneath the Moorish might; | 11 | ········/˘· |
| Smiling in death the martyr-hero lies, | 10 | /˘···/˘/˘· |
| And lo, his soul triumphant mounts the skies. | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| Here now, behold, in warlike pomp portray'd, | 10 | ··˘/·/··˘/ |
| A foreign navy brings the pious aid. | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| Lo, marching from the decks the squadrons spread, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Strange their attire, their aspect firm and dread. | 10 | ··˘/·/···· |
| The holy cross their ensigns bold display, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘·˘/ |
| To Salem's aid they plough'd the wat'ry way: | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Yet first, the cause the same, on Tago's shore | 10 | ·········· |
| They dye their maiden swords in pagan gore. | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Proud stood the Moor on Lisbon's warlike towers, | 11 | ·····/˘/·/˘ |
| From Lisbon's walls they drive the Moorish powers: | 11 | ·/˘····/˘/˘ |
| Amid the thickest of the glorious fight, | 10 | ˘/·/˘··/˘· |
| Lo, Henry falls, a gallant German knight, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/˘· |
| A martyr falls: that holy tomb behold, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘·˘/ |
| There waves the blossom'd palm, the boughs of gold: | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| O'er Henry's grave the sacred plant arose, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘·˘/ |
| And from the leaves, Heav'n's gift, gay health redundant flows. | 12 | ········˘/˘· |
| "Aloft, unfurl!" the valiant Paulus cries. | 10 | ˘/˘/·/˘/˘· |
| Instant, new wars on new-spread ensigns rise | 10 | /˘·····/˘· |
| "In robes of white behold a priest advance! | 10 | ····˘/··˘/ |
| His sword in splinters smites the Moorish lance: | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Arronchez won revenges Lira's fall: | 10 | ····˘/˘/˘· |
| And lo, on fair Savilia's batter'd wall, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| How boldly calm, amid the crashing spears, | 10 | ·/˘·˘/·/˘· |
| That hero-form the Lusian standard rears. | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| There bleeds the war on fair Vandalia's plain: | 10 | ·········· |
| Lo, rushing through the Moors, o'er hills of slain | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| The hero rides, and proves by genuine claim | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| The son of Egas, and his worth the same. | 10 | ·········· |
| Pierc'd by his dart the standard-bearer dies; | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| Beneath his feet the Moorish standard lies: | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| High o'er the field, behold the glorious blaze! | 10 | ····˘/·/˘· |
| The victor-youth the Lusian flag displays. | 10 | ·/˘·····˘/ |
| Lo, while the moon through midnight azure rides, | 10 | ·····/·/˘· |
| From the high wall adown his spear-staff glides | 10 | ····˘/···· |
| The dauntless Gerald: in his left he bears | 10 | ·/˘/˘····· |
| Two watchmen's heads, his right the falchion rears: | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| The gate he opens, swift from ambush rise | 10 | ···/˘··/·· |
| His ready bands, the city falls his prize: | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Evora still the grateful honour pays, | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| Her banner'd flag the mighty deed displays: | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| There frowns the hero; in his left he bears | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| The two cold heads, his right the falchion rears. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Wrong'd by his king, and burning for revenge, | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| Behold his arms that proud Castilian change; | 10 | ˘/····˘/˘· |
| The Moorish buckler on his breast he bears, | 10 | ·/˘/˘····· |
| And leads the fiercest of the pagan spears. | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Abrantes falls beneath his raging force, | 9 | ······/˘· |
| And now to Tagus bends his furious course. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Another fate he met on Tagus' shore, | 10 | ˘/˘······· |
| Brave Lopez from his brows the laurels tore; | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| His bleeding army strew'd the thirsty ground, | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| And captive chains the rageful leader bound. | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/˘· |
| Resplendent far that holy chief behold! | 10 | ˘/˘··/˘·˘/ |
| Aside he throws the sacred staff of gold, | 10 | ˘/···/˘··· |
| And wields the spear of steel. How bold advance | 10 | ········˘/ |
| The num'rous Moors, and with the rested lance | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Hem round the trembling Lusians. Calm and bold | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Still towers the priest, and lo, the skies unfold: | 10 | ·/······˘/ |
| Cheer'd by the vision, brighter than the day, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| The Lusians trample down the dread array | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| Of Hagar's legions: on the reeking plain | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| Low, with their slaves, four haughty kings lie slain. | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| In vain Alcazar rears her brazen walls, | 10 | ··/˘···/˘· |
| Before his rushing host Alcazar falls. | 10 | ···/˘·/˘·· |
| There, by his altar, now the hero shines, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| And, with the warrior's palm, his mitre twines. | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| That chief behold: though proud Castilia's host | 10 | ··˘/······ |
| He leads, his birth shall Tagus ever boast. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| As a pent flood bursts headlong o'er the strand | 10 | ·····/···· |
| So pours his fury o'er Algarbia's land: | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Nor rampir'd town, nor castled rock afford | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| The refuge of defence from Payo's sword. | 9 | ·/˘·˘/··· |
| By night-veil'd art proud Sylves falls his prey, | 9 | ········· |
| And Tavila's high, walls, at middle day, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Fearless he scales: her streets in blood deplore | 10 | /˘······˘/ |
| The seven brave hunters murder'd by the Moor. | 10 | ·/·/˘/˘··· |
| These three bold knights how dread! Thro' Spain and France | 10 | ·········· |
| At joust and tourney with the tilted lance | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Victors they rode: Castilia's court beheld | 10 | /˘······˘/ |
| Her peers o'erthrown; the peers with rancour swell'd: | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| The bravest of the three their swords surround; | 10 | ·/˘·····˘/ |
| Brave Ribeir strews them vanquish'd o'er the ground. | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Now let thy thoughts, all wonder and on fire, | 11 | ·····/˘··/˘ |
| That darling son of warlike Fame admire. | 10 | ·/˘··/··˘/ |
| Prostrate at proud Castilia's monarch's feet | 10 | /˘·····/·· |
| His land lies trembling: lo, the nobles meet: | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Softly they seem to breathe, and forward bend | 10 | /˘·····/˘· |
| The servile neck; each eye distrusts his friend; | 10 | ·/˘···˘/·· |
| Fearful each tongue to speak; each bosom cold: | 10 | /˘·····/˘· |
| When, colour'd with stern rage, erect and bold, | 10 | ·/˘···˘/·· |
| The hero rises: 'Here no foreign throne | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| Shall fix its base; my native king alone | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| Shall reign.' Then, rushing to the fight, he leads; | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Low, vanquish'd in the dust, Castilia bleeds. | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Where proudest hope might deem it vain to dare, | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| God led him on, and crown'd the glorious war. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Though fierce, as num'rous, are the hosts that dwell | 10 | ·········· |
| By Betis' stream, these hosts before him fell. | 10 | ·········· |
| The fight behold: while absent from his bands, | 10 | ··˘/·/˘··· |
| Press'd on the step of flight his army stands, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| To call the chief a herald speeds away: | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| Low, on his knees, the gallant chief survey! | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| He pours his soul, with lifted hands implores, | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| And Heav'n's assisting arm, inspir'd, adores. | 10 | ··˘/˘·˘/˘/ |
| Panting, and pale, the herald urges speed: | 10 | /˘···/˘/˘· |
| With holy trust of victory decreed, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘˘˘/ |
| Careless he answers, 'Nothing urgent calls:' | 10 | /˘·/˘/˘/˘· |
| And soon the bleeding foe before him falls. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| To Numa, thus, the pale patricians fled-- | 10 | ······˘/˘· |
| 'The hostile squadrons o'er the kingdom spread!' | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| They cry; unmov'd, the holy king replies-- | 10 | ··˘/·/˘·˘/ |
| 'And I, behold, am off'ring sacrifice!' | 10 | ··˘/···/˘· |
| Earnest, I see thy wond'ring eyes inquire | 10 | /˘······˘/ |
| Who this illustrious chief, his country's sire? | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘/ |
| The Lusian Scipio well might speak his fame, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| But nobler Nunio shines a greater name: | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| On earth's green bosom, or on ocean grey, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| A greater never shall the sun survey. | 10 | ·/˘/˘···˘/ |
| "Known by the silver cross, and sable shield, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Two Knights of Malta there command the field; | 10 | ···/˘·˘/·· |
| From Tago's banks they drive the fleecy prey, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| And the tir'd ox lows on his weary way: | 10 | ··/····/˘· |
| When, as the falcon through the forest glade | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Darts on the lev'ret, from the brown-wood shade | 10 | ·········· |
| Darts Roderic on their rear; in scatter'd flight | 11 | ········/˘· |
| They leave the goodly herds the victor's right. | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Again, behold, in gore he bathes his sword; | 10 | ˘/˘/······ |
| His captive friend, to liberty restor'd, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘˘˘/ |
| Glows to review the cause that wrought his woe, | 10 | ···/······ |
| The cause, his loyalty, as taintless snow. | 10 | ···/˘˘·/˘· |
| Here treason's well-earn'd meed allures thine eyes, | 10 | ·/˘···˘/·· |
| Low, grovelling in the dust, the traitor dies; | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Great Elvas gave the blow. Again, behold, | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘/ |
| Chariot and steed in purple slaughter roll'd: | 10 | /˘···/˘/˘· |
| Great Elvas triumphs; wide o'er Xeres' plain | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| Around him reeks the noblest blood of Spain. | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| "Here Lisbon's spacious harbour meets the view: | 10 | ·/˘/˘/˘··· |
| How vast the foe's, the Lusian fleet how few! | 10 | ·········· |
| Castile's proud war-ships, circling round, enclose | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| The Lusian galleys; through their thund'ring rows, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Fierce pressing on, Pereira fearless rides, | 10 | ·/˘·˘/˘/˘· |
| His hook'd irons grasp the adm'ral's sides: | 9 | ··/˘····· |
| Confusion maddens: on the dreadless knight | 10 | ˘/˘/˘··/˘· |
| Castilia's navy pours its gather'd might: | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Pereira dies, their self-devoted prey, | 10 | ˘/˘···˘/˘· |
| And safe the Lusian galleys speed away. | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| "Lo, where the lemon-trees from yon green hill | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Throw their cool shadows o'er the crystal rill; | 10 | ···/···/˘· |
| There twice two hundred fierce Castilian foes | 10 | ···/˘·˘/˘· |
| Twice eight, forlorn, of Lusian race enclose; | 10 | ··˘/····˘/ |
| Forlorn they seem; but taintless flow'd their blood | 10 | ˘/···/˘··· |
| From those three hundred who of old withstood; | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| Withstood, and from a thousand Romans tore | 10 | ˘/···/˘/˘· |
| The victor-wreath, what time the shepherd bore | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| The leader's staff of Lusus: equal flame | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Inspir'd these few, their victory the same. | 10 | ˘/···/˘˘·· |
| Though twenty lances brave each single spear, | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| Never the foes superior might to fear | 10 | /··˘/˘˘··· |
| Is our inheritance, our native right, | 10 | ·/˘/˘˘//˘· |
| Well tried, well prov'd in many a dreadful fight. | 10 | ·····/·/˘· |
| "That dauntless earl behold; on Libya's coast, | 10 | ·/˘·˘/·/˘· |
| Far from the succour of the Lusian host, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Twice hard besieg'd, he holds the Ceutan towers | 11 | ··˘/·····/˘ |
| Against the banded might of Afric's powers. | 11 | ···/˘····/˘ |
| That other earl;--behold the port he bore, | 10 | ·/˘·˘/···· |
| So, trod stern Mars on Thracia's hills of yore. | 10 | ·········· |
| What groves of spears Alcazar's gates surround! | 10 | ····/˘··˘/ |
| There Afric's nations blacken o'er the ground. | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| A thousand ensigns, glitt'ring to the day, | 10 | ·/˘/˘····· |
| The waning moon's slant silver horns display. | 10 | ·/˘··/˘·˘/ |
| In vain their rage; no gate, no turret falls, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| The brave De Vian guards Alcazar's walls. | 10 | ···/˘·/˘·· |
| In hopeless conflict lost his king appears; | 10 | ·/˘/˘···˘/ |
| Amid the thickest of the Moorish spears | 10 | ˘/·/˘··/˘· |
| Plunges bold Vian: in the glorious strife | 10 | /˘·/˘··/˘· |
| He dies, and dying saves his sov'reign's life. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| "Illustrious, lo, two brother-heroes shine, | 10 | ˘/˘··/˘/˘· |
| Their birth, their deeds, adorn the royal line; | 10 | ····˘/·/˘· |
| To ev'ry king of princely Europe known, | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| In ev'ry court the gallant Pedro shone. | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| The glorious Henry--kindling at his name | 10 | ·/˘/˘/˘··· |
| Behold my sailors' eyes all sparkle flame! | 10 | ˘/·/˘··/˘· |
| Henry the chief, who first, by Heav'n inspir'd, | 11 | /˘······˘/˘ |
| To deeds unknown before, the sailor fir'd, | 11 | ··˘/···/˘/˘ |
| The conscious sailor left the sight of shore, | 10 | ·/˘/˘····· |
| And dar'd new oceans, never plough'd before. | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| The various wealth of ev'ry distant land | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| He bade his fleets explore, his fleets command. | 10 | ····˘/··˘/ |
| The ocean's great discoverer he shines; | 10 | ·/˘·˘/˘˘·· |
| Nor less his honours in the martial lines: | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| The painted flag the cloud-wrapt siege displays, | 10 | ·/˘·····˘/ |
| There Ceuta's rocking wall its trust betrays. | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| Black yawns the breach; the point of many a spear | 10 | ·······/·· |
| Gleams through the smoke; loud shouts astound the ear. | 10 | ······˘/·· |
| Whose step first trod the dreadful pass? Whose sword | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Hew'd its dark way, first with the foe begor'd? | 10 | ·········· |
| 'Twas thine, O glorious Henry, first to dare | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| The dreadful pass, and thine to close the war. | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Taught by his might, and humbled in her gore, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| The boastful pride of Afric tower'd no more. | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/·· |
| "Num'rous though these, more num'rous warriors shine | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Th' illustrious glory of the Lusian line. | 10 | ˘/˘/˘····· |
| But ah, forlorn, what shame to barb'rous pride! | 10 | ··˘/······ |
| Friendless the master of the pencil died; | 10 | /˘·/˘··/˘· |
| Immortal fame his deathless labours gave; | 10 | ˘/˘··/˘/˘· |
| Poor man, he sunk neglected to the grave!" | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| The gallant Paulus faithful thus explain'd | 10 | ·/˘/˘/˘·˘/ |
| The various deeds the pictur'd flags contain'd. | 10 | ·/˘··/˘·˘/ |
| Still o'er and o'er, and still again untir'd, | 10 | ······˘/·· |
| The wond'ring regent of the wars inquir'd: | 11 | ···/˘···˘/˘ |
| Still wond'ring, heard the various pleasing tale, | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| Till o'er the decks cold sigh'd the ev'ning gale: | 10 | ·········· |
| The falling darkness dimm'd the eastern shore, | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| And twilight hover'd o'er the billows hoar | 10 | ·/·/˘··/˘· |
| Far to the west, when, with his noble band, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| The thoughtful regent sought his native strand. | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| O'er the tall mountain-forest's waving boughs | 10 | ···/˘/˘/˘· |
| Aslant, the new moon's slender horns arose; | 10 | ˘/···/˘·˘/ |
| Near her pale chariot shone a twinkling star, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| And, save the murm'ring of the wave afar, | 10 | ········˘/ |
| Deep-brooding silence reign'd; each labour clos'd, | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/·· |
| In sleep's soft arms the sons of toil repos'd. | 10 | ·········· |
| And now, no more the moon her glimpses shed, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| A sudden, black-wing'd cloud the sky o'erspread, | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| A sullen murmur through the woodland groan'd, | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/·· |
| In woe-swoll'n sighs the hollow winds bemoan'd: | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| Borne on the plaintive gale, a patt'ring shower | 11 | ···/˘····/˘ |
| Increas'd the horrors of the evil hour. | 11 | ˘/·/˘··/˘/˘ |
| Thus, when the God of earthquakes rocks the ground, | 10 | ·····/···· |
| He gives the prelude in a dreary sound; | 10 | ···/···/˘· |
| O'er nature's face a horrid gloom he throws, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| With dismal note the cock unusual crows, | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘· |
| A shrill-voic'd howling trembles thro' the air, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| As passing ghosts were weeping in despair; | 10 | ·/˘··/˘·˘/ |
| In dismal yells the dogs confess their fear, | 10 | ·/˘···˘/·· |
| And shiv'ring, own some dreadful presence near. | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| So, lower'd the night, the sullen howl the same, | 11 | ·/˘···/˘··· |
| And, 'mid the black-wing'd gloom, stern Bacchus came; | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| The form, and garb of Hagar's son he took, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| The ghost-like aspect, and the threat'ning look. | 10 | ···/······ |
| Then, o'er the pillow of a furious priest, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Whose burning zeal the Koran's lore profess'd, | 10 | ·/˘··˘/·˘/ |
| Reveal'd he stood, conspicuous in a dream, | 10 | ˘/··˘/˘··· |
| His semblance shining, as the moon's pale gleam: | 10 | ·/˘/˘····· |
| "And guard," he cries, "my son, O timely guard, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Timely defeat the dreadful snare prepar'd: | 10 | /˘˘/·/˘·˘/ |
| And canst thou, careless, unaffected, sleep, | 10 | ···/˘·˘/˘· |
| While these stern, lawless rovers of the deep | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Fix on thy native shore a foreign throne, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Before whose steps thy latest race shall groan!" | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| He spoke; cold horror shook the Moorish priest; | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| He wakes, but soon reclines in wonted rest: | 10 | ····˘/·/˘· |
| An airy phantom of the slumb'ring brain | 10 | ·/˘/˘····· |
| He deem'd the vision; when the fiend again, | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| With sterner mien, and fiercer accent spoke: | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/·· |
| "Oh faithless! worthy of the foreign yoke! | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| And know'st thou not thy prophet sent by Heav'n, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| By whom the Koran's sacred lore was giv'n, | 10 | ···˘//˘··· |
| God's chiefest gift to men: and must I leave | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| The bowers of Paradise, for you to grieve, | 10 | ·/·/˘····· |
| For you to watch, while, thoughtless of your woe, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Ye sleep, the careless victims of the foe; | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
The first 400 of 708 lines; the reader marks them all.
Notes from the edition 53
William Julius Mickle's notes to his translation of The Lusiad (1776; Project Gutenberg #32528).
- Stanza 1, line 1 Kotwâl, a sort of superintendent or inspector of police.--FORBES' Hindustani Dictionary.
- Stanza 1, line 2 Lusus.
- Stanza 2, line 5 His cluster'd bough, the same which Bacchus bore.--Camoëns immediately before, and in the former book, calls the ensign of Lusus a bough; here he calls it the green thyrsus of Bacchus:-- O verde Tyrso foi de Bacco usado. The thyrsus, however, was a javelin twisted with ivy-leaves, used in the sacrifices of Bacchus.
- Stanza 2, line 16 In those fair lawns the bless'd Elysium feign'd.--In this assertion our author has the authority of Strabo. a foundation sufficient for a poet. Nor are there wanting several Spanish writers, particularly Barbosa, who seriously affirm that Homer drew the fine description of Elysium, in his fourth Odyssey, from the beautiful valleys of Spain, where, in one of his voyages, they say, he arrived. Egypt, however, seems to have a better title to this honour. The fable of Charon, and the judges of hell, are evidently borrowed from the Egyptian rites of burial, and are older than Homer. After a ferryman had conveyed the corpse over a lake, certain judges examined the life of the deceased, particularly his claim to the virtue of loyalty, and, according to the report, decreed or refused the honours of sepulture. The place of the catacombs, according to Diodorus Siculus, was surrounded with deep canals, beautiful meadows, and a wilderness of groves. It is universally known that the greatest part of the Grecian fables were fabricated from the customs and opinions of Egypt. Several other nations have also claimed the honour of affording the idea of the fields of the blessed. Even the Scotch challenge it. Many Grecian fables, says an author of that country, are evidently founded on the reports of the Phoenician sailors. That these navigators traded to the coasts of Britain is certain. In the middle of summer, the season when the ancients performed their voyages, for about six weeks there is no night over the Orkney Islands; the disk of the sun, during that time, scarcely sinking below the horizon. This appearance, together with the calm which usually prevails at that season, and the beautiful verdure of the islands, could not fail to excite the admiration of the Phoenicians; and their accounts of the place naturally afforded the idea that these islands were inhabited by the spirits of the just. This, says our author, is countenanced by Homer, who places his "islands of the happy" at the extremity of the ocean. That the fables of Scylla, the Gorgones, and several others, were founded on the accounts of navigators, seems probable; and, on this supposition, the Insulæ Fortunatæ, and Purpurariæ, now the Canary and Madeira islands, also claim the honour of giving colours to the description of Elysium. The truth, however, appears to be this: That a place of happiness is reserved for the spirits of the good is the natural suggestion of that anxiety and hope concerning th …
- Stanza 2, line 24 The goddess Minerva.
- Stanza 2, line 28 The heav'n-built towers of Troy.--Alluding to the fable of Neptune, Apollo, and Laomedon.
- Stanza 2, line 30 On Europe's strand, more grateful to the skies, He bade th' eternal walls of Lisbon rise.-- For some account of this tradition, see the note on Lusiad, bk. iii. p. 76. Ancient traditions, however fabulous, have a good effect in poetry. Virgil has not scrupled to insert one, which required an apology:-- Prisca fides facto, sed fama perennis. Spenser has given us the history of Brute and his descendants at full length in the Faerie Queene; and Milton, it is known, was so fond of that absurd legend, that he intended to write a poem on the subject; and by this fondness was induced to mention it as a truth in the introduction to his History of England.
- Stanza 3, line 5 The brother chief.--Paulus de Gama.
- Stanza 3, line 11 That gen'rous pride which Rome to Pyrrhus bore.--When Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, was at war with the Romans, his physician offered to poison him. The senate rejected the proposal, and acquainted Pyrrhus of the designed treason. Florus remarks on the infamous assassination of Viriatus, that the Roman senate did him great honour; ut videretur aliter vinci non potuisse; it was a confession that they could not otherwise conquer him,--Vid. Flor. l. 17. For a fuller account of this great man, see the note on Lusiad, bk. i. p. 9.
- Stanza 3, line 25 Some deem the warrior of Hungarian race.--See the note on the Lusiad, bk. iii p. 67.
- Stanza 3, line 29 Jerusalem.
- Stanza 4, line 12 The first Alonzo.--King of Portugal.
- Stanza 4, line 21 On his young pupil's flight.--"Some, indeed most, writers say, that the queen advancing with her army towards Guimaraez, the king, without waiting till his governor joined him, engaged them and was routed: but that afterwards the remains of his army, being joined by the troops under the command of Egaz Munitz, engaged the army of the queen a second time, and gained a complete victory."--UNIV. HIST.
- Stanza 4, line 28 Egaz behold, a chief self-doom'd to death.--See the same story in bk. iii. p. 71. Though history affords no authentic document of this transaction, tradition, the poet's authority, is not silent. And the monument of Egaz in the monastery of Paço de Souza gives it countenance. Egaz and his family are there represented, in bas relief, in the attitude and garb, says Castera, as described by Camoëns.
- Stanza 4, line 39 Ah Rome! no more thy gen'rous consul boast.--Sc. Posthumus, who, overpowered by the Samnites, submitted to the indignity of passing under the yoke.
- Stanza 5, line 7 The Moorish king.--The Alcaydes, or tributary governors under the Miramolin{*} or Emperor of Morocco, are often by the Spanish and Portuguese writers styled kings. He who was surprised and taken prisoner by Don Fuaz Roupinho was named Gama. Fuaz, after having gained the first naval victory of the Portuguese, also experienced their first defeat. With one and twenty sail he attacked fifty-four large galleys of the Moors. "The sea," says Brandan, "which had lately furnished him with trophies, now supplied him with a tomb." {*} This should be (and is evidently only a corruption of), Emir-el-Mumenin, i.e. in Arabic, Commander of the believers.--Ed.
- Stanza 5, line 30 A foreign navy brings the pious aid.--A navy of crusaders, mostly English.
- Stanza 5, line 44 And from the leaves.--This legend is mentioned by some ancient Portuguese chronicles. Homer would have availed himself, as Camoëns has done, of a tradition so enthusiastic, and characteristic of the age. Henry was a native of Bonneville near Cologne. "His tomb," says Castera, "is still to be seen in the monastery of St. Vincent, but without the palm."
- Stanza 6, line 3 In robes of white behold a priest advance.--Thestonius, prior of the regulars of St. Augustine of Conymbra. Some ancient chronicles relate this circumstance as mentioned by Camoëns. Modern writers assert, that he never quitted his breviary.--CASTERA.
- Stanza 6, line 12 The son of Egas.--He was named Mem Moniz, and was son of Egas Moniz, celebrated for the surrender of himself and family to the King of Castile, as already mentioned.
- Stanza 6, line 19 The dauntless Gerald.--"He was a man of rank, who, in order to avoid the legal punishment to which several crimes rendered him obnoxious, put himself at the head of a party of freebooters. Tiring, however, of that life, he resolved to reconcile himself to his sovereign by some noble action. Full of this idea, one evening he entered Evora, which then belonged to the Moors. In the night he killed the sentinels of one of the gates, which he opened to his companions, who soon became masters of the place. This exploit had its desired effect. The king pardoned Gerald, and made him governor of Evora. A knight with a sword in one hand, and two heads in the other, from that time became the armorial bearing of the city."--CASTERA.
- Stanza 6, line 27 Wrong'd by his king.--Don Pedro Fernando de Castro, injured by the family of Lara, and denied redress by the King of Castile, took the infamous revenge of bearing arms against his native country. At the head of a Moorish army he committed several outrages in Spain; but was totally defeated in Portugal.
- Stanza 6, line 42 And lo, the skies unfold.--"According to some ancient Portuguese histories, Don Matthew, bishop of Lisbon, in the reign of Alonso I, attempted to reduce Alcazar, then in possession of the Moors. His troops, being suddenly surrounded by a numerous party of the enemy, were ready to fly, when, at the prayers of the bishop, a venerable old man, clothed in white, with a red cross on his breast, appeared in the air. The miracle dispelled the fears of the Portuguese; the Moors were defeated, and the conquest of Alcazar crowned the victory."--CASTERA.
- Stanza 6, line 60 Her streets in blood deplore The seven brave hunters murder'd by the Moor.-- "During a truce with the Moors, six cavaliers of the order of St. James were, while on a hunting party, surrounded and killed, by a numerous body of the Moors. During the fight, in which the gentlemen sold their lives dear, a common carter, named Garcias Rodrigo, who chanced to pass that way, came generously to their assistance, and lost his life along with them. The poet, in giving all seven the same title, shows us that virtue constitutes true nobility. Don Payo de Correa, grand master of the order of St. James, revenged the death of these brave unfortunates by the sack of Tavila, where his just rage put the garrison to the sword."--CASTERA.
- Stanza 6, line 61 Those three bold knights how dread.--Nothing can give us a stronger picture of the romantic character of their age, than the manners of those champions, who were gentlemen of birth; and who, in the true spirit of knight-errantry, went about from court to court in quest of adventures. Their names were, Gonçalo Ribeiro; Fernando Martinez de Santarene; and Vasco Anez, foster-brother to Mary, queen of Castile, daughter of Alonzo IV. of Portugal.
- Stanza 6, line 96 And I, behold, am off'ring sacrifice.--This line, the simplicity which, I think, contains great dignity, is adopted from Fanshaw-- "And I, ye see, am off'ring sacrifice;" who has here caught the spirit of the original-- A quem lhe a dura nova estava dando, Pois eu responde estou sacrificando; i.e. To whom when they told the dreadful tidings, "And I," he replies "am sacrificing." The piety of Numa was crowned with victory.--Vid. 'Plut. in vit. Numæ.
- Stanza 6, line 100 The Lusian Scipio well might speak his fame, But nobler Nunio shines a greater name.-- Castera justly observes the happiness with which Camoëns introduces the name of this truly great man. "Il va," says he, "le nommer tout à l'heure avec une adresse et une magnificence digne d'un si beau sujet."
- Stanza 7, line 2 Two knights of Malta.--These knights were first named Knights Hospitalers of St. John of Jerusalem, afterwards Knights of Rhodes, from whence they were driven to Messina, ere Malta was assigned to them. By their oath of knighthood they were bound to protect the Holy Sepulchre from the profanation of infidels; immediately on taking this oath, they retired to their colleges, where they lived on their revenues in all the idleness of monkish luxury. Their original habit was black, with a white cross; their arms gules, a cross, argent.
- Stanza 7, line 10 His captive friend.--Before John I. mounted the throne of Portugal, one Vasco Porcallo was governor of Villaviciosa. Roderic de Landroal and his friend, Alvarez Cuytado, having discovered that he was in the interest of the King of Castile, drove him from his town and fortress. On the establishment of King John, Porcallo had the art to obtain the favour of that prince; but, no sooner was he re-instated in the garrison, than he delivered it up to the Castilians; and plundered the house of Cuytado, whom, with his wife, he made prisoner and, under a numerous party, ordered to be sent to Olivença. Roderic de Landroal, hearing of this, attacked and defeated the escort, and set his friend at liberty.--CASTERA.
- Stanza 7, line 13 Here treason's well-earn'd meed allures thine eyes.--While the kingdom of Portugal was divided, some holding with John the newly elected king, and others with the King of Castile, Roderic Marin, governor of Campo-Major, declared for the latter. Fernando d'Elvas endeavoured to gain him to the interest of his native prince, and a conference, with the usual assurances of safety, was agreed to. Marin, at this meeting, seized upon Elvas, and sent him prisoner to his castle. Elvas having recovered his liberty, a few days after met his enemy in the field, whom, in his turn, he made captive; and the traitorous Marin, notwithstanding the endeavours of their captain to save his life, met the reward of his treason from the soldiers of Elvas.--Partly from Castera.
- Stanza 8, line 10 And safe the Lusian galleys speed away.--A numerous fleet of the Castilians being on their way to lay siege to Lisbon. Ruy Pereyra, the Portuguese commander, seeing no possibility of victory, boldly attacked the Spanish admiral. The fury of his onset put the Castilians in disorder, and allowed the Portuguese galleys a safe escape. In this brave piece of service the gallant Pereyra lost his life.--CASTERA.
- Stanza 9, line 8 The shepherd.--Viriatus.
- Stanza 9, line 10 Equal flame inspir'd these few.--The Castilians having laid siege to Almada, a fortress on a mountain near Lisbon, the garrison, in the utmost distress for water, were obliged at times to make sallies to the bottom of the hill in quest of it. Seventeen Portuguese thus employed were one day attacked by four hundred of the enemy. They made a brave defence, and effected a happy retreat into their fortress.--CASTERA.
- Stanza 10, line 2 Far from the succour of the Lusian host.--When Alonzo V. took Ceuta, Don Pedro de Menezes was the only officer in the army who was willing to become governor of that fortress; which, on account of the uncertainty of succour from Portugal, and the earnest desire of the Moors to regain it, was deemed untenable. He gallantly defended his post in two severe sieges.
- Stanza 10, line 5 That other earl.--He was the natural son of Don Pedro de Menezes. Alonzo V. one day, having ridden out from Ceuta with a few attendants, was attacked by a numerous party of the Moors, when De Vian, and some others under him, at the expense of their own lives, purchased the safe retreat of their sovereign.
- Stanza 11, line 1 Two brother-heroes shine.--The sons of John I. Don Pedro was called the Ulysses of his age, on account both of his eloquence and his voyages. He visited almost every court of Europe, but he principally distinguished himself in Germany, where, under the standards of the Emperor Sigismond, he signalized his valour in the war against the Turks.--CASTERA.
- Stanza 11, line 5 The glorious Henry.--In pursuance of the reasons assigned in the preface, the translator has here taken the liberty to make a transposition in the order of his author. In Camoëns, Don Pedro de Menezes, and his son De Vian, conclude the description of the pictured ensigns. Don Henry, the greatest man perhaps that ever Portugal produced, has certainly the best title to close this procession of the Lusian heroes. And, as he was the father of navigation, particularly of the voyage of GAMA, to sum up the narrative with his encomium has even some critical propriety. These observations were suggested by the conduct of Camoëns, whose design, like that of Virgil, was to write a poem which might contain all the triumphs of his country. As the shield of Æneas supplies what could not be introduced in the vision of Elysium, so the ensigns of GAMA complete the purpose of the third and fourth Lusiads. The use of that long episode, the conversation with the King of Melinda, and its connection with the subject, have been already observed. The seeming episode of the pictures, while it fulfills the promise-- And all my country's wars the song adorn, is also admirably connected with the conduct of the poem. The Hindoos naturally desire to be informed of the country, the history, and power of their foreign visitors, and Paulus sets it before their eyes. In every progression of the scenery the business of the poem advances. The regent and his attendants are struck with the warlike grandeur and power of the strangers, and to accept of their friendship, or to prevent the forerunners of so martial a nation from carrying home the tidings of the discovery of India, becomes the great object of their consideration.
- Stanza 12, line 3 But ah, forlorn, what shame to barb'rous pride.--In the original.-- Mas faltamlhes pincel, faltamlhes cores, Honra, premio, favor, que as artes criáo. "But the pencil was wanting, colors were wanting, honour, reward, favour, the nourishers of the arts." This seemed to the translator as in impropriety, and contrary to the purpose of the whole speech of Paulus, which was to give the catual a high idea of Portugal. In the fate of the imaginary painter, the Lusian poet gives us the picture of his own, resentment wrung this impropriety from him. The spirit of the complaint, however, is preserved in the translation. The couplet-- "Immortal fame his deathless labours gave; Poor man, he sunk neglected to the grave!" is not in the original. It is the sigh of indignation over the unworthy fate of the unhappy Camoëns.
- Stanza 14, line 24 The ghost-like aspect and the threat'ning look.--Mohammed, by some historians described as of a pale livid complexion, and trux aspectus et vox terribilis, of a fierce threatening aspect, voice, and demeanour.
- Stanza 14, line 52 When, softly usher'd by the milky dawn, The sun first rises.-- "I deceive myself greatly," says Castera, "if this simile is not the most noble and the most natural that can be found in any poem. It has been imitated by the Spanish comedian, the illustrious Lopez de Vega, in his comedy of Orpheus and Eurydice, act i. sc. 1:-- "Como mirar puede ser El sol al amanecer, I quando se enciende, no." Castera adds a very loose translation of these Spanish lines in French verse. The literal English is, As the sun may be beheld at its rising, but, when illustriously kindled, cannot. Naked, however, as this is, the imitation of Camoëns is evident. As Castera is so very bold in his encomium of this fine simile of the sun, it is but justice to add his translation of it, together with the original Portuguese, and the translation of Fanshaw. Thus the French translator:-- Les yeux peuvent soûtenir la clarté du soleil naissant, mais lorsqu'il s'est avancé dans sa carrière lumineuse, et que ses rayons répandent les ardeurs du midi, on tacherait en vain de l'envisager; un prompt aveuglement serait le prix de cette audace. Thus elegantly in the original:-- "Em quanto he fraca a força desta gente, Ordena como em tudo se resista, Porque quando o Sol sahe, facilmente Se pòde nelle por a aguda vista: Porem despois que sobe claro, & ardente, Se a agudeza dos olhos o conquista Tao cega fica, quando ficareis, Se raizes criar lhe nao tolheis." And thus humbled by Fanshaw:-- "Now whilst this people's strength is not yet knit, Think how ye may resist them by all ways. For when the Sun is in his nonage yit, Upon his morning beauty men may gaze; But let him once up to his zenith git, He strikes them blind with his meridian rays; So blind will ye be, if ye look not too't, If ye permit these cedars to take root."
- Stanza 15, line 10 Around him stand, With haggard looks, the hoary Magi band.-- The Brahmins, the diviners of India. Ammianus Marcellinus, l. 23, says, that the Persian Magi derived their knowledge from the Brachmanes of India. And Arrianus, l. 7, expressly gives the Brahmins the name of Magi. The Magi of India, says he, told Alexander, on his pretensions to divinity, that in everything he was like other men, except that he took less rest, and did more mischief. The Brahmins are never among modern writers called Magi.
- Stanza 15, line 22 The hov'ring demon gives the dreadful sign.--This has an allusion to the truth of history. Barros relates, that an anger being brought before the Zamorim, "Em hum vaso de agua l'he mostrara hunas naos, que vin ham de muy longe para a India, e que a gente d'ellas seria total destruiçam dos Mouros de aquellas partes.--In a vessel of water he showed him some ships which from a great distance came to India, the people of which would effect the utter subversion of the Moors." Camoëns has certainly chosen a more poetical method of describing this divination, a method in the spirit of Virgil; nor in this is he inferior to his great master. The supernatural flame which seizes on Lavinia while assisting at the sacrifice alone excepted, every other part of the augury of Latinus, and his dream in the Albunean forest, whither he went to consult his ancestor, the god Faunus, in dignity and poetical colouring, cannot come in comparison with the divination of the Magi, and the appearance of the demon in the dream of the Moorish priest.
- Stanza 15, line 30 Th'eternal yoke.--This picture, it may perhaps be said, is but a bad compliment to the heroes of the Lusiad, and the fruits of their discovery. A little consideration, however, will vindicate Camoëns. It is the demon and the enemies of the Portuguese who procure this divination; everything in it is dreadful, on purpose to determine the zamorim to destroy the fleet of GAMA. In a former prophecy of the conquest of India (when the catual describes the sculpture of the royal palace), our poet has been careful to ascribe the happiest effects to the discovery of his heroes:-- "Beneath their sway majestic, wise, and mild, Proud of her victors' laws, thrice happier India smil'd."
- Stanza 16, line 23 So let the tyrant plead.--In this short declamation, a seeming excrescence, the business of the poem in reality is carried on. The zamorim, and his prime minister, the catual, are artfully characterised in it; and the assertion-- Lur'd was the regent with the Moorish gold, is happily introduced by the declamatory reflections which immediately precede it.
- Stanza 17, line 6 The Moors----their ancient deeds relate, Their ever-faithful service of the state.-- An explanation of the word Moor is here necessary. When the East afforded no more field for the sword of the conqueror, the Saracens, assisted by the Moors, who had embraced their religion, laid the finest countries in Europe in blood and desolation. As their various embarkations were from the empire of Morocco, the Europeans gave the name of Moors to all the professors of the Mohammedan religion. In the same manner the eastern nations blended all the armies of the Crusaders under one appellation, and the Franks, of whom the army of Godfrey was mostly composed, became their common name for all the inhabitants of the West. Before the arrival of GAMA, as already observed, all the traffic of the East, from the Ethiopian side of Africa to China, was in the hands of Arabian Mohammedans, who, without incorporating with the pagan natives, had their colonies established in every country commodious for commerce. These the Portuguese called Moors; and at present the Mohammedans of India are called the Moors of Hindostan by our English writers. The intelligence these Moors gave to one another, relative to the actions of GAMA; the general terror with which they beheld the appearance of Europeans, whose rivalship they dreaded as the destruction of their power; the various frauds and arts they employed to prevent the return of one man of GAMA'S fleet to Europe, and their threat to withdraw from the dominions of the zamorim, are all according to the truth of history. The speeches of the zamorim and of GAMA, which follow, are also founded in truth.
- Stanza 19, line 4 Troy.
- Stanza 20, line 19 No sumptuous gift thou bring'st.--"As the Portuguese did not expect to find any people but savages beyond the Cape of Good Hope, they only brought with them some preserves and confections, with trinkets of coral, of glass, and other trifles. This opinion, however, deceived them. In Melinda and in Calicut they found civilized nations, where the arts flourished; who wanted nothing; who were possessed of all the refinements and delicacies on which we value ourselves. The King of Melinda had the generosity to be contented with the present which GAMA made; but the zamorim, with a disdainful eye, beheld the gifts which were offered to him. The present was this: Four mantles of scarlet, six hats adorned with feathers, four chaplets of coral beads, twelve Turkey carpets, seven drinking cups of brass, a chest of sugar, two barrels of oil, and two of honey."--CASTERA.
- Stanza 21, line 3 Fair Acidalia, Love's celestial queen.--Castera derives Acidalia from [Greek: akêdês], which, he says, implies to act without fear or restraint. Acidalia is one of the names of Venus, in Virgil; derived from Acidalus, a fountain sacred to her in Boeotia.
- Stanza 21, line 39 Sprung from the prince.--John I.
- Stanza 21, line 60 And from her raging tempests, nam'd the Cape.--Bartholomew Diaz, was the first who discovered the southmost point of Africa. He was driven back by the storms, which on these seas were thought always to continue, and which the learned of former ages, says Osorius, thought impassable. Diaz, when he related his voyage to John II. called the southmost point the Cape of Tempests. The expectation of the king, however, was kindled by the account, and with inexpressible joy, says the same author, he immediately named it the Cape of Good Hope.
- Stanza 21, line 70 The pillar thus of deathless fame, begun By other chiefs, etc.-- "Till I now ending what those did begin, The furthest pillar in thy realm advance; Breaking the element of molten tin, Through horrid storms I lead to thee the dance." FANSHAW.
- Stanza 22, line 22 The regent's palace high o'erlook'd the bay, Where Gama's black-ribb'd fleet at anchor lay.-- The resemblance of this couplet to many passages in Homer, must be obvious to the intelligent critic.
- Stanza 24, line 7 As in the sun's bright beam.--Imitated from Virgil, who, by the same simile, describes the fluctuation of the thoughts of Æneas, on the eve of the Latian war:-- "Laomedontius heros Cuncta videns, magno curarum fluctuat æstu, Atque animum nunc huc celerem, nunc dividit illuc, In partesque rapit varias, perque omnia versat. Sicut aquæ tremulum labris ubi lumen ahenis Sole repercussum, aut radiantis imagine Lunæ, Omnia pervolitat late loca: jamque sub auras Erigitur, summique ferit laquearia tecti." "This way and that he turns his anxious mind, Thinks, and rejects the counsels he design'd; Explores himself in vain, in ev'ry part, And gives no rest to his distracted heart: So when the sun by day or moon by night Strike on the polish'd brass their trembling light, The glitt'ring species here and there divide, And cast their dubious beams from side to side; Now on the walls, now on the pavement play, And to the ceiling flash the glaring day." Ariosto has also adopted this simile in the eighth book of his Orlando Furioso:-- "Qual d'acqua chiara il tremolante lume Dal Sol per percossa, o da' notturni rai, Per gli ampli tetti và con lungo salto A destra, ed a sinistra, e basso, ed alto." "So from a water clear, the trembling light Of Phoebus, or the silver ray of night, Along the spacious rooms with splendour plays, Now high, now low, and shifts a thousand ways." HOOLE. But the happiest circumstance belongs to Camoëns. The velocity and various shiftings of the sun-beam, reflected from a piece of crystal or polished steel in the hand of a boy, give a much stronger idea of the violent agitation and sudden shiftings of thought than the image of the trembling light of the sun or moon reflected from a vessel of water. The brazen vessel, however, and not the water, is only mentioned by Dryden. Nor must another inaccuracy pass unobserved. That the reflection of the moon flashed the glaring day is not countenanced by the original. We have already seen the warm encomium paid by Tasso to his contemporary, Camoëns. That great poet, the ornament of Italy, has also testified his approbation by several imitations of the Lusiad. Virgil, in no instance, has more closely copied Homer, than Tasso has imitated the appearance of Bacchus, or the evil demon, in the dream of the Moorish priest. The enchanter Ismeno thus appears to the sleeping Solyman:-- "Soliman' Solimano, i tuoi silenti Riposi à miglior tempo homai riserva: Che sotto il giogo de straniere genti La patria, …
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