"To His Fairest Valentine Mrs. A. L

Richard Lovelace (1617–1657) · 1649

iambic tetrameter · octosyllabic couplets · 30 lines · from Lucasta

"Come, pretty birds, present your lays,And learn to chaunt a goddess praise;Ye wood-nymphs, let your voices beEmploy'd to serve her deity:And warble forth, ye virgins nine,Some music to my Valentine.

"Her bosom is love's paradise,There is no heav'n but in her eyes;She's chaster than the turtle-dove,And fairer than the queen of love:Yet all perfections do combineTo beautifie my Valentine.

"She's Nature's choicest cabinet,Where honour, beauty, worth and witAre all united in her breast.The graces claim an interest:All virtues that are most divineShine clearest in my Valentine."

"Dido was the Carthage Queene,And lov'd the Troian knight,That wandring many coasts had seene,And many a dreadfull fight.As they a-hunting road, a show'rDrove them in a loving bower,Down to a darksome cave:Where Aenaeas with his charmesLock't Queene Dido in his armesAnd had what he would have."

A somewhat different version is given in Durfey's PILLS TO PURGEMELANCHOLY, vi. 192-3.

Words in this poem

warble v. t.
To sing in a trilling, quavering, or vibratory manner; to modulate with turns or variations; to trill; as, certain birds are remarkable for warbling their songs. [OE. werbelen, OF. werbler; of Teutonic origin; cf. G. wirbeln to turn, to warble, D. wervelen, akin to E. whirl. See Whirl.]
valentine n.
A sweetheart chosen on St. Valentine's Day.
honour n.
Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence. [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor, honur, onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.]
dreadfull a.
Full of dread or terror; fearful.
drove n.
A collection of cattle driven, or cattle collected for driving; a number of animals, as oxen, sheep, or swine, driven in a body. [AS. draf, fr. drifan to drive. See Drive.]
darksome a.
Dark; gloomy; obscure; shaded; cheerless.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

"To His Fairest Valentine Mrs. A. L is in the public domain. This text is taken from Lucasta, Project Gutenberg ebook #703; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Richard Lovelace, "To His Fairest Valentine Mrs. A. L, in Lucasta (1649), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #703, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/lovelace-lucasta/to-his-fairest-valentine-mrs-a-l.html, id L13022.

Form and metre

"To His Fairest Valentine Mrs. A. L is 30 lines in 5 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 53% of the lines: octosyllabic couplets. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 86%). 94% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 7.7 syllables. 4 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 27% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in octosyllabic couplets, other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AA--BB laysA · praiseA · be · deity · nineB · valentineB
  2. 2 --AABB paradise · eyes · doveA · loveA · combineB · valentineB
  3. 3 AABBCC cabinetA · witA · breastB · interestB · divineC · valentineC
  4. 4 ABAB--CDDC queeneA · knightB · seeneA · fightB · show'r · bower · caveC · charmesD · armesD · haveC
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
"Come, pretty birds, present your lays,8·/˘·˘/··
And learn to chaunt a goddess praise;8·····/˘·
Ye wood-nymphs, let your voices be8·····/˘·
Employ'd to serve her deity:8˘/···/˘˘
And warble forth, ye virgins nine,8·/˘··/˘·
Some music to my Valentine.8·/˘··/˘·
"Her bosom is love's paradise,8·/˘··/˘·
There is no heav'n but in her eyes;8········
She's chaster than the turtle-dove,8·····/˘·
And fairer than the queen of love:8·/˘·····
Yet all perfections do combine8··˘/˘·˘/
To beautifie my Valentine.8·····/˘·
"She's Nature's choicest cabinet,8·/˘/˘/˘˘
Where honour, beauty, worth and wit8·/˘/˘···
Are all united in her breast.8··˘/˘···
The graces claim an interest:7·/˘··/˘
All virtues that are most divine8·/˘···˘/
Shine clearest in my Valentine."8·/˘··/˘·
"Dido was the Carthage Queene,7/˘··/˘·
And lov'd the Troian knight,5·····
That wandring many coasts had seene,9·/˘˘/˘···
And many a dreadfull fight.7·/˘·/˘·
As they a-hunting road, a show'r8···/˘···
Drove them in a loving bower,8····/˘/˘
Down to a darksome cave:6···/˘·
Where Aenaeas with his charmes6······
Lock't Queene Dido in his armes7··/˘···
And had what he would have."6······
A somewhat different version is given in Durfey's PILLS TO PURGE15·///˘/˘·/·/˘···
MELANCHOLY, vi. 192-3.5/˘·˘·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

More by Richard Lovelace