Scanderbeg
The battle is fought and wonBy King Ladislaus the Hun,In fire of hell and death's frost,On the day of Pentecost.And in rout before his pathFrom the field of battle redFlee all that are not deadOf the army of Amurath.
In the darkness of the nightIskander, the pride and boastOf that mighty Othman host,With his routed Turks, takes flightFrom the battle fought and lostOn the day of Pentecost;Leaving behind him deadThe army of Amurath,The vanguard as it led,The rearguard as it fled,Mown down in the bloody swathOf the battle's aftermath.
But he cared not for Hospodars,Nor for Baron or Voivode,As on through the night he rodeAnd gazed at the fateful stars,That were shining overheadBut smote his steed with his staff,And smiled to himself, and said;"This is the time to laugh."
In the middle of the night,In a halt of the hurrying flight,There came a Scribe of the KingWearing his signet ring,And said in a voice severe:"This is the first dark blotOn thy name, George Castriot!Alas why art thou here,And the army of Amurath slain,And left on the battle plain?"
And Iskander answered and said:"They lie on the bloody sodBy the hoofs of horses trod;But this was the decreeOf the watchers overhead;For the war belongeth to God,And in battle who are we,Who are we, that shall withstandThe wind of his lifted hand?"
Then he bade them bind with chainsThis man of books and brains;And the Scribe said: "What misdeedHave I done, that, without need,Thou doest to me this thing?"And Iskander answeringSaid unto him: "Not oneMisdeed to me hast thou done;But for fear that thou shouldst runAnd hide thyself from me,Have I done this unto thee.
"Now write me a writing, O Scribe,And a blessing be on thy tribe!A writing sealed with thy ring,To King Amurath's PashaIn the city of Croia,The city moated and walled,That he surrender the sameIn the name of my master, the King;For what is writ in his nameCan never be recalled."
And the Scribe bowed low in dread,And unto Iskander said:"Allah is great and just,But we are as ashes and dust;How shall I do this thing,When I know that my guilty headWill be forfeit to the King?"
Then swift as a shooting starThe curved and shining bladeOf Iskander's scimetarFrom its sheath, with jewels bright,Shot, as he thundered: "Write!"And the trembling Scribe obeyed,And wrote in the fitful glareOf the bivouac fire apart,With the chill of the midnight airOn his forehead white and bare,And the chill of death in his heart.
Then again Iskander cried:"Now follow whither I ride,For here thou must not stay.Thou shalt be as my dearest friend,And honors without endShall surround thee on every side,And attend thee night and day."But the sullen Scribe replied"Our pathways here divide;Mine leadeth not thy way."
And even as he spokeFell a sudden scimetar-stroke,When no one else was near;And the Scribe sank to the ground,As a stone, pushed from the brinkOf a black pool, might sinkWith a sob and disappear;And no one saw the deed;And in the stillness aroundNo sound was heard but the soundOf the hoofs of Iskander's steed,As forward he sprang with a bound.
Then onward he rode and afar,With scarce three hundred men,Through river and forest and fen,O'er the mountains of Argentar;And his heart was merry within,When he crossed the river Drin,And saw in the gleam of the mornThe White Castle Ak-Hissar,The city Croia called,The city moated and walled,The city where he was born,--And above it the morning star.
Then his trumpeters in the vanOn their silver bugles blew,And in crowds about him ranAlbanian and Turkoman,That the sound together drew.And he feasted with his friends,And when they were warm with wine,He said: "O friends of mine,Behold what fortune sends,And what the fates design!King Amurath commandsThat my father's wide domain,This city and all its lands,Shall be given to me again."
Then to the Castle WhiteHe rode in regal state,And entered in at the gateIn all his arms bedight,And gave to the PashaWho ruled in CroiaThe writing of the King,Sealed with his signet ring.And the Pasha bowed his head,And after a silence said:"Allah is just and great!I yield to the will divine,The city and lands are thine;Who shall contend with fate?"
Anon from the castle wallsThe crescent banner falls,And the crowd beholds instead,Like a portent in the sky,Iskander's banner fly,The Black Eagle with double head;And a shout ascends on high,For men's souls are tired of the Turks,And their wicked ways and works,That have made of Ak-HissarA city of the plague;And the loud, exultant cryThat echoes wide and farIs: "Long live Scanderbeg!"
It was thus Iskander cameOnce more unto his own;And the tidings, like the flameOf a conflagration blownBy the winds of summer, ran,Till the land was in a blaze,And the cities far and near,Sayeth Ben Joshua Ben Meir,In his Book of the Words of the Days,"Were taken as a manWould take the tip of his ear."
Words in this poem 30
- vanguard n.
- The troops who march in front of an army; the advance guard; the van. [For vantguard, avantguard, F. avant-garde; avant before, fore + garde guard. See Avant, Ab-,Ante-, and Guard, and cf. Advance, Vamp, Van of an army, Vaward.]
- mown p. p.
- Cut down by mowing, as grass; deprived of grass by mowing; as, a mown field.
- rode n.
- Redness; complexion. [See Rud.]
- fateful a.
- Having the power of serving or accomplishing fate.
- steed n.
- A horse, especially a spirited horse for state of war; -- used chiefly in poetry or stately prose. [OE. stede, AS. steda a stud-horse, war horse, fr. stod a stud of breeding steeds; akin to G. stute a mare, Icel. stedda, sto, a stud. *163. See Stud of horses.]
- scribe n.
- One who writes; a draughtsman; a writer for another; especially, an offical or public writer; an amanuensis or secretary; a notary; a copyist. [L. scriba, fr. scribere to write; cf. Gr. scarify. Cf. Ascribe, Describe, Script, Scrivener, Scrutoire.]
- signet n.
- A seal; especially, in England, the seal used by the sovereign in sealing private letters and grants that pass by bill under the sign manual; -- called also privy signet. [OF. signet a signet, F., a bookmark, dim. of signe. See Sign, n., and cf. Sennet.]
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- bade
- A form of the pat tense of Bid.
- misdeed n.
- An evil deed; a wicked action. [AS. misd. See Deed, n.]
- hast
- , 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
- allah n.
- The name of the Supreme Being, in use among the Arabs and the Mohammedans generally. [contr. fr. the article al the + ilah God.]
- wrote v. i.
- To root with the snout. See 1st Root. [OE. wroten. See 1st Root.]
- fitful a.
- Full of fits; irregularly variable; impulsive and unstable. [From 7th Fit.]
- glare v. i.
- To shine with a bright, dazzling light. [OE. glaren, gloren; cf. AS. glær amber, LG. glaren to glow or burn like coals, D. gloren to glimmer; prob. akin to E. glass.]
- whither adv.
- To what place; -- used interrogatively; as, whither goest thou [OE. whider. AS. hwider; akin to E. where, who; cf. Goth. hvadre whither. See Who, and cf. Hither, Thither.]
- shalt
- 2d per. sing. of Shall.
- sullen a.
- Lonely; solitary; desolate. Wyclif (Job iii. 14). [OE. solein, solain, lonely, sullen; through Old French fr. (assumed) LL. solanus solitary, fr. L. solus alone. See Sole, a.]
- spoke n.
- The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, spaca; akin to D. speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. sq. root170. Cf. Spike a nail.]
- brink n.
- The edge, margin, or border of a steep place, as of a precipice; a bank or edge, as of a river or pit; a verge; a border; as, the brink of a chasm. Also Fig. [Dan. brink edge, verge; akin to Sw. brink declivity, hill, Icel. brekka; cf. LG. brink a grassy hill, W. bryn hill, bryncyn hillock.]
- stillness n.
- The quality or state of being still; quietness; silence; calmness; inactivity.
- afar adv.
- At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off. [Pref. a-.(for on or of) + far.]
- scarce a.
- Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon. [OE. scars, OF. escars, eschars, LL. scarpsus, for L. excerptus, p. p. of excerpere to pick out, and hence to contract, to shorten; ex (see Ex-) + carpere. See C]
- morn n.
- The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
- albanian a.
- Of or pertaining to Albania, a province of Turkey.
- bedight v. t.
- To bedeck; to array or equip; to adorn.
- anon adv.
- Straightway; at once. [OE. anoon, anon, anan, lit., in one (moment), fr. AS. on in + an one. See On and One.]
- portent n.
- That which portends, or foretoken; esp., that which portends evil; a sign of coming calamity; an omen; a sign. [L. portentum. See Portend.]
- exultant a.
- Inclined to exult; characterized by, or expressing, exultation; rejoicing triumphantly. [L. exsultans, exsultantis, p. pr. of exsultare. See Exult.]
- conflagration n.
- A fire extending to many objects, or over a large space; a general burning.
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Scanderbeg is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poetical Works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Project Gutenberg ebook #1365; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Scanderbeg, in A Psalm of Life, and Other Poems (1839–1882), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #1365, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/longfellow-poems/scanderbeg.html, id L26303.
Form and metre
Scanderbeg is 173 lines in 16 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 84%).
See other poems in iambic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 AABBCDDC wonA · hunA · frostB · pentecostB · pathC · redD · deadD · amurathC
- 2 ABBACCDEDDEE nightA · boastB · hostB · flightA · lostC · pentecostC · deadD · amurathE · ledD · fledD · swathE · aftermathE
- 3 ABBACDCD hospodarsA · voivodeB · rodeB · starsA · overheadC · staffD · saidC · laughD
- 4 AABBC--CDD nightA · flightA · kingB · ringB · severeC · blot · castriot · hereC · slainD · plainD
- 5 ABBCABCDD saidA · sodB · trodB · decreeC · overheadA · godB · weC · withstandD · handD
- 6 AABBCCDDDEE chainsA · brainsA · misdeedB · needB · thingC · answeringC · oneD · doneD · runD · meE · theeE
- 7 AAB--CDBDC scribeA · tribeA · ringB · pasha · croia · walledC · sameD · kingB · nameD · recalledC
- 8 AABBCAC dreadA · saidA · justB · dustB · thingC · headA · kingC
- 9 -A-BBACDCCD star · bladeA · scimetar · brightB · writeB · obeyedA · glareC · apartD · airC · bareC · heartD
- 10 AABCCABAAB criedA · rideA · stayB · friendC · endC · sideA · dayB · repliedA · divideA · wayB
- 11 AABCDDBECCEC spokeA · strokeA · nearB · groundC · brinkD · sinkD · disappearB · deedE · aroundC · soundC · steedE · boundC
- 12 ABBA--CADDCA afarA · menB · fenB · argentarA · within · drin · mornC · hissarA · calledD · walledD · bornC · starA
- 13 ABA-BCDDCDEFEF vanA · blewB · ranA · turkoman · drewB · friendsC · wineD · mineD · sendsC · designD · commandsE · domainF · landsE · againF
- 14 ABBA--CCDDBEEB whiteA · stateB · gateB · bedightA · pasha · croia · kingC · ringC · headD · saidD · greatB · divineE · thineE · fateB
- 15 AABCCBCDDE-CE- wallsA · fallsA · insteadB · skyC · flyC · headB · highC · turksD · worksD · hissarE · plague · cryC · farE · scanderbeg
- 16 ABABCDEEDCE cameA · ownB · flameA · blownB · ranC · blazeD · nearE · meirE · daysD · manC · earE
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| The battle is fought and won | 7 | ·/˘···· |
| By King Ladislaus the Hun, | 7 | ······· |
| In fire of hell and death's frost, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| On the day of Pentecost. | 7 | ····/˘· |
| And in rout before his path | 7 | ······· |
| From the field of battle red | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Flee all that are not dead | 6 | ······ |
| Of the army of Amurath. | 8 | ··/˘···· |
| In the darkness of the night | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Iskander, the pride and boast | 7 | ······· |
| Of that mighty Othman host, | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| With his routed Turks, takes flight | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| From the battle fought and lost | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| On the day of Pentecost; | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Leaving behind him dead | 6 | /˘···· |
| The army of Amurath, | 7 | ·/˘···· |
| The vanguard as it led, | 6 | ·/···· |
| The rearguard as it fled, | 6 | ······ |
| Mown down in the bloody swath | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Of the battle's aftermath. | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| But he cared not for Hospodars, | 8 | ········ |
| Nor for Baron or Voivode, | 7 | ··/˘·/˘ |
| As on through the night he rode | 7 | ······· |
| And gazed at the fateful stars, | 8 | ··˘··/˘· |
| That were shining overhead | 7 | ··/˘/˘/ |
| But smote his steed with his staff, | 7 | ······· |
| And smiled to himself, and said; | 8 | ··˘·˘/·· |
| "This is the time to laugh." | 6 | ······ |
| In the middle of the night, | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| In a halt of the hurrying flight, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| There came a Scribe of the King | 7 | ······· |
| Wearing his signet ring, | 6 | /˘·/˘· |
| And said in a voice severe: | 7 | ·····˘/ |
| "This is the first dark blot | 6 | ······ |
| On thy name, George Castriot! | 6 | ······ |
| Alas why art thou here, | 6 | ˘/···· |
| And the army of Amurath slain, | 9 | ··/˘····· |
| And left on the battle plain?" | 7 | ····/˘· |
| And Iskander answered and said: | 8 | ····/˘·· |
| "They lie on the bloody sod | 7 | ····/˘· |
| By the hoofs of horses trod; | 7 | ····/˘· |
| But this was the decree | 6 | ····˘/ |
| Of the watchers overhead; | 7 | ··/˘/˘/ |
| For the war belongeth to God, | 8 | ···˘/˘·· |
| And in battle who are we, | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Who are we, that shall withstand | 7 | ·····˘/ |
| The wind of his lifted hand?" | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Then he bade them bind with chains | 7 | ······· |
| This man of books and brains; | 6 | ······ |
| And the Scribe said: "What misdeed | 7 | ·····// |
| Have I done, that, without need, | 7 | ······· |
| Thou doest to me this thing?" | 6 | ······ |
| And Iskander answering | 7 | ····/˘˘ |
| Said unto him: "Not one | 6 | ······ |
| Misdeed to me hast thou done; | 7 | //····· |
| But for fear that thou shouldst run | 7 | ······· |
| And hide thyself from me, | 6 | ··˘/·· |
| Have I done this unto thee. | 7 | ······· |
| "Now write me a writing, O Scribe, | 8 | ····/˘·· |
| And a blessing be on thy tribe! | 8 | ··/˘···· |
| A writing sealed with thy ring, | 8 | ·/˘·˘··· |
| To King Amurath's Pasha | 7 | ·····˘/ |
| In the city of Croia, | 6 | ··/˘·· |
| The city moated and walled, | 8 | ·/˘/˘··˘ |
| That he surrender the same | 7 | ··˘/˘·· |
| In the name of my master, the King; | 9 | ·····/˘·· |
| For what is writ in his name | 7 | ······· |
| Can never be recalled." | 7 | ·/˘·˘/˘ |
| And the Scribe bowed low in dread, | 8 | ····˘··· |
| And unto Iskander said: | 7 | ······· |
| "Allah is great and just, | 6 | /˘···· |
| But we are as ashes and dust; | 8 | ····/˘·· |
| How shall I do this thing, | 6 | ······ |
| When I know that my guilty head | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Will be forfeit to the King?" | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Then swift as a shooting star | 7 | ····/˘· |
| The curved and shining blade | 7 | ··˘·/˘· |
| Of Iskander's scimetar | 7 | ······· |
| From its sheath, with jewels bright, | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Shot, as he thundered: "Write!" | 7 | ···/˘˘· |
| And the trembling Scribe obeyed, | 8 | ··/˘˘·˘/ |
| And wrote in the fitful glare | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Of the bivouac fire apart, | 8 | ··/˘/˘˘/ |
| With the chill of the midnight air | 8 | ·····/·· |
| On his forehead white and bare, | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| And the chill of death in his heart. | 8 | ········ |
| Then again Iskander cried: | 7 | ·˘/···· |
| "Now follow whither I ride, | 7 | ·/˘/˘·· |
| For here thou must not stay. | 6 | ······ |
| Thou shalt be as my dearest friend, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| And honors without end | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Shall surround thee on every side, | 8 | ·˘/··/˘· |
| And attend thee night and day." | 7 | ·˘/···· |
| But the sullen Scribe replied | 7 | ··/˘·˘/ |
| "Our pathways here divide; | 7 | /˘/··˘/ |
| Mine leadeth not thy way." | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| And even as he spoke | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Fell a sudden scimetar-stroke, | 8 | ··/˘···· |
| When no one else was near; | 6 | ······ |
| And the Scribe sank to the ground, | 7 | ······· |
| As a stone, pushed from the brink | 8 | ····˘··· |
| Of a black pool, might sink | 6 | ······ |
| With a sob and disappear; | 7 | ·····˘/ |
| And no one saw the deed; | 6 | ······ |
| And in the stillness around | 7 | ···/˘·· |
| No sound was heard but the sound | 7 | ······· |
| Of the hoofs of Iskander's steed, | 8 | ········ |
| As forward he sprang with a bound. | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Then onward he rode and afar, | 8 | ·/˘···˘/ |
| With scarce three hundred men, | 7 | ···/˘˘· |
| Through river and forest and fen, | 8 | ·/˘·/˘·· |
| O'er the mountains of Argentar; | 8 | ··/˘···· |
| And his heart was merry within, | 8 | ····/˘·· |
| When he crossed the river Drin, | 8 | ···˘·/˘· |
| And saw in the gleam of the morn | 8 | ········ |
| The White Castle Ak-Hissar, | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| The city Croia called, | 5 | ·/˘·· |
| The city moated and walled, | 8 | ·/˘/˘··˘ |
| The city where he was born,-- | 7 | ·/˘···· |
| And above it the morning star. | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Then his trumpeters in the van | 8 | ··/˘˘··· |
| On their silver bugles blew, | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| And in crowds about him ran | 7 | ······· |
| Albanian and Turkoman, | 8 | ˘/˘˘·/˘˘ |
| That the sound together drew. | 7 | ···˘/˘· |
| And he feasted with his friends, | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| And when they were warm with wine, | 7 | ······· |
| He said: "O friends of mine, | 6 | ······ |
| Behold what fortune sends, | 6 | ˘/·/˘· |
| And what the fates design! | 6 | ····˘/ |
| King Amurath commands | 6 | ····˘/ |
| That my father's wide domain, | 7 | ··/˘·˘/ |
| This city and all its lands, | 7 | ·/˘···· |
| Shall be given to me again." | 8 | ··/˘··˘/ |
| Then to the Castle White | 6 | ···/˘· |
| He rode in regal state, | 6 | ···/˘· |
| And entered in at the gate | 8 | ·/˘˘···· |
| In all his arms bedight, | 6 | ····˘/ |
| And gave to the Pasha | 6 | ····˘/ |
| Who ruled in Croia | 4 | ···· |
| The writing of the King, | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Sealed with his signet ring. | 7 | ·˘··/˘· |
| And the Pasha bowed his head, | 8 | ··/˘·˘·· |
| And after a silence said: | 7 | ····/˘· |
| "Allah is just and great! | 6 | /˘···· |
| I yield to the will divine, | 7 | ·····˘/ |
| The city and lands are thine; | 7 | ·/˘···· |
| Who shall contend with fate?" | 6 | ··˘/·· |
| Anon from the castle walls | 7 | ˘/··/˘· |
| The crescent banner falls, | 6 | ·/˘/˘· |
| And the crowd beholds instead, | 7 | ···˘/˘/ |
| Like a portent in the sky, | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Iskander's banner fly, | 6 | ···/˘· |
| The Black Eagle with double head; | 8 | ··/˘·/˘· |
| And a shout ascends on high, | 7 | ···˘/·· |
| For men's souls are tired of the Turks, | 8 | ····/··· |
| And their wicked ways and works, | 8 | ··/˘˘··· |
| That have made of Ak-Hissar | 7 | ······· |
| A city of the plague; | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| And the loud, exultant cry | 7 | ···˘/˘· |
| That echoes wide and far | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Is: "Long live Scanderbeg!" | 6 | ······ |
| It was thus Iskander came | 7 | ······· |
| Once more unto his own; | 6 | ······ |
| And the tidings, like the flame | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Of a conflagration blown | 7 | ···˘/˘· |
| By the winds of summer, ran, | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Till the land was in a blaze, | 7 | ······· |
| And the cities far and near, | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Sayeth Ben Joshua Ben Meir, | 7 | ··/˘˘·· |
| In his Book of the Words of the Days, | 9 | ········· |
| "Were taken as a man | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Would take the tip of his ear." | 7 | ······· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.