Rain in Summer

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807–1882) · 1839–1882

iambic tetrameter · octosyllabic couplets · 96 lines · from The Complete Poetical Works

How beautiful is the rain!After the dust and heat,In the broad and fiery street,In the narrow lane,How beautiful is the rain!

How it clatters along the roofs,Like the tramp of hoofsHow it gushes and struggles outFrom the throat of the overflowing spout!

Across the window-paneIt pours and pours;And swift and wide,With a muddy tide,Like a river down the gutter roarsThe rain, the welcome rain!

The sick man from his chamber looksAt the twisted brooks;He can feel the coolBreath of each little pool;His fevered brainGrows calm again,And he breathes a blessing on the rain.

From the neighboring schoolCome the boys,With more than their wonted noiseAnd commotion;And down the wet streetsSail their mimic fleets,Till the treacherous poolIngulfs them in its whirlingAnd turbulent ocean.

In the country, on every side,Where far and wide,Like a leopard's tawny and spotted hide,Stretches the plain,To the dry grass and the drier grainHow welcome is the rain!

In the furrowed landThe toilsome and patient oxen stand;Lifting the yoke encumbered head,With their dilated nostrils spread,They silently inhaleThe clover-scented gale,And the vapors that ariseFrom the well-watered and smoking soil.For this rest in the furrow after toilTheir large and lustrous eyesSeem to thank the Lord,More than man's spoken word.

Near at hand,From under the sheltering trees,The farmer seesHis pastures, and his fields of grain,As they bend their topsTo the numberless beating dropsOf the incessant rain.He counts it as no sinThat he sees thereinOnly his own thrift and gain.

These, and far more than these,The Poet sees!He can beholdAquarius oldWalking the fenceless fields of air;And from each ample foldOf the clouds about him rolledScattering everywhereThe showery rain,As the farmer scatters his grain.

He can beholdThings manifoldThat have not yet been wholly told,--Have not been wholly sung nor said.For his thought, that never stops,Follows the water-dropsDown to the graves of the dead,Down through chasms and gulfs profound,To the dreary fountain-headOf lakes and rivers under ground;And sees them, when the rain is done,On the bridge of colors sevenClimbing up once more to heaven,Opposite the setting sun.

Thus the Seer,With vision clear,Sees forms appear and disappear,In the perpetual round of strange,Mysterious changeFrom birth to death, from death to birth,From earth to heaven, from heaven to earth;Till glimpses more sublimeOf things, unseen before,Unto his wondering eyes revealThe Universe, as an immeasurable wheelTurning forevermoreIn the rapid and rushing river of Time.

Words in this poem

wonted a.
Accustomed; customary; usual.
drier n.
One who, or that which, dries; that which may expel or absorb moisture; a desiccative; as, the sun and a northwesterly wind are great driers of the earth.
thank n.
A expression of gratitude; an acknowledgment expressive of a sense of favor or kindness received; obligation, claim, or desert, or gratitude; -- now generally used in the plural. [AS. Þanc, Þonc, thanks, favor, thought; akin to OS. thank favor, pleasure, thanks, D. & G. dank thanks, Icel. Þ\'94kk, Dan. tak, Sw. tack, Goth. Þagks thanks; -]
numberless a.
Innumerable; countless.
fenceless a.
Without a fence; uninclosed; open; unguarded; defenseless.
showery a.
Raining in showers; abounding with frequent showers of rain.
dreary a.
Sorrowful; distressful. [OE. dreori, dreri, AS. dreórig, sad; akin to G. traurig, and prob. to AS. dreósan to fall, Goth. driusan. Cf. Dross, Drear, Drizzle, Drowse.]
unseen a.
Not seen or discovered.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Rain in Summer is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poetical Works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Project Gutenberg ebook #1365; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Rain in Summer, in The Complete Poetical Works (1839–1882), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #1365, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/longfellow-poems/rain-in-summer.html, id L17529.

Form and metre

Rain in Summer is 96 lines in 11 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 52% of the lines: octosyllabic couplets. This poem did not settle on a metre of its own; the book it comes from is in iambic tetrameter. 89% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 6.6 syllables. 5 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 40% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in octosyllabic couplets, other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABBAA rainA · heatB · streetB · laneA · rainA
  2. 2 AABB roofsA · hoofsA · outB · spoutB
  3. 3 ABCCBA paneA · poursB · wideC · tideC · roarsB · rainA
  4. 4 AABBCCC looksA · brooksA · coolB · poolB · brainC · againC · rainC
  5. 5 ABBCDDA-C schoolA · boysB · noiseB · commotionC · streetsD · fleetsD · poolA · whirling · oceanC
  6. 6 AAABBB sideA · wideA · hideA · plainB · grainB · rainB
  7. 7 AABBCCDEED-- landA · standA · headB · spreadB · inhaleC · galeC · ariseD · soilE · toilE · eyesD · lord · word
  8. 8 -AABCCBDDB hand · treesA · seesA · grainB · topsC · dropsC · rainB · sinD · thereinD · gainB
  9. 9 AABBCBBCDD theseA · seesA · beholdB · oldB · airC · foldB · rolledB · everywhereC · rainD · grainD
  10. 10 AAABCCBDBDEFFE beholdA · manifoldA · toldA · saidB · stopsC · dropsC · deadB · profoundD · headB · groundD · doneE · sevenF · heavenF · sunE
  11. 11 AAABBCCDEFFED seerA · clearA · disappearA · strangeB · changeB · birthC · earthC · sublimeD · beforeE · revealF · wheelF · forevermoreE · timeD
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
How beautiful is the rain!7·/˘˘···
After the dust and heat,6······
In the broad and fiery street,8····/˘˘·
In the narrow lane,5··/˘·
How beautiful is the rain!7·/˘˘···
How it clatters along the roofs,8··/˘˘/··
Like the tramp of hoofs5·····
How it gushes and struggles out8··/˘·/˘·
From the throat of the overflowing spout!10·····/˘·˘·
Across the window-pane6˘/·/˘·
It pours and pours;4····
And swift and wide,4····
With a muddy tide,5··/˘·
Like a river down the gutter roars9··/˘··/˘·
The rain, the welcome rain!6···/˘·
The sick man from his chamber looks8·····/˘·
At the twisted brooks;5··/˘·
He can feel the cool5·····
Breath of each little pool;6···/˘·
His fevered brain4·/˘·
Grows calm again,4··˘/
And he breathes a blessing on the rain.9····/˘···
From the neighboring school6··/˘˘·
Come the boys,3···
With more than their wonted noise7····/˘·
And commotion;4·˘/˘
And down the wet streets5·····
Sail their mimic fleets,5··/˘·
Till the treacherous pool6··/˘˘·
Ingulfs them in its whirling7·····/˘
And turbulent ocean.6·/˘˘/˘
In the country, on every side,8··/˘·/˘·
Where far and wide,4····
Like a leopard's tawny and spotted hide,10··/˘/˘·/˘·
Stretches the plain,4/˘··
To the dry grass and the drier grain8······/·
How welcome is the rain!6·/˘···
In the furrowed land5··/˘·
The toilsome and patient oxen stand;9·/˘·/˘/˘·
Lifting the yoke encumbered head,8/˘··˘/˘·
With their dilated nostrils spread,8··˘/˘/˘·
They silently inhale6·/˘˘˘/
The clover-scented gale,6·/˘/˘·
And the vapors that arise7··/˘·˘/
From the well-watered and smoking soil.9···/˘·/˘·
For this rest in the furrow after toil10·····/˘···
Their large and lustrous eyes6···/˘·
Seem to thank the Lord,5·····
More than man's spoken word.6···/˘·
Near at hand,3···
From under the sheltering trees,8····/˘˘·
The farmer sees4·/˘·
His pastures, and his fields of grain,8·/˘·····
As they bend their tops5·····
To the numberless beating drops8··/˘˘/˘·
Of the incessant rain.6··˘/˘·
He counts it as no sin6······
That he sees therein5·····
Only his own thrift and gain.7/˘·····
These, and far more than these,6······
The Poet sees!4·/˘·
He can behold4··˘/
Aquarius old5˘/˘˘·
Walking the fenceless fields of air;8/˘·/˘···
And from each ample fold6···/˘·
Of the clouds about him rolled8·······˘
Scattering everywhere6/˘˘/˘·
The showery rain,5·/˘˘·
As the farmer scatters his grain.8··/˘/˘··
He can behold4··˘/
Things manifold4·/˘·
That have not yet been wholly told,--8·····/˘·
Have not been wholly sung nor said.8···/˘···
For his thought, that never stops,7····/˘·
Follows the water-drops6/˘·/˘·
Down to the graves of the dead,7·······
Down through chasms and gulfs profound,8··/˘··˘/
To the dreary fountain-head7··/˘/˘·
Of lakes and rivers under ground;8···/˘···
And sees them, when the rain is done,8········
On the bridge of colors seven8····/˘/˘
Climbing up once more to heaven,8/˘····/˘
Opposite the setting sun.7/˘˘·/˘·
Thus the Seer,3···
With vision clear,4·/˘·
Sees forms appear and disappear,8··˘/··˘/
In the perpetual round of strange,8··˘/˘···
Mysterious change5˘/˘˘·
From birth to death, from death to birth,8········
From earth to heaven, from heaven to earth;8···/·/··
Till glimpses more sublime6·/˘·˘/
Of things, unseen before,6··˘/··
Unto his wondering eyes reveal8···/˘·˘/
The Universe, as an immeasurable wheel12·/˘···˘/˘·˘·
Turning forevermore6/˘····
In the rapid and rushing river of Time.11··/˘·/˘/˘··

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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