Burial of the Minnisink
On sunny slope and beechen swell,The shadowed light of evening fell;And, where the maple's leaf was brown,With soft and silent lapse came down,The glory, that the wood receives,At sunset, in its golden leaves.
Far upward in the mellow lightRose the blue hills. One cloud of white,Around a far uplifted cone,In the warm blush of evening shone;An image of the silver lakes,By which the Indian's soul awakes.
But soon a funeral hymn was heardWhere the soft breath of evening stirredThe tall, gray forest; and a bandOf stern in heart, and strong in hand,Came winding down beside the wave,To lay the red chief in his grave.
They sang, that by his native bowersHe stood, in the last moon of flowers,And thirty snows had not yet shedTheir glory on the warrior's head;But, as the summer fruit decays,So died he in those naked days.
A dark cloak of the roebuck's skinCovered the warrior, and withinIts heavy folds the weapons, madeFor the hard toils of war, were laid;The cuirass, woven of plaited reeds,And the broad belt of shells and beads.
Before, a dark-haired virgin trainChanted the death dirge of the slain;Behind, the long procession cameOf hoary men and chiefs of fame,With heavy hearts, and eyes of grief,Leading the war-horse of their chief.
Stripped of his proud and martial dress,Uncurbed, unreined, and riderless,With darting eye, and nostril spread,And heavy and impatient tread,He came; and oft that eye so proudAsked for his rider in the crowd.
They buried the dark chief; they freedBeside the grave his battle steed;And swift an arrow cleaved its wayTo his stern heart! One piercing neighArose, and, on the dead man's plain,The rider grasps his steed again.
Words in this poem
- sunny a.
- Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant.
- beechen a.
- Consisting, or made, of the wood or bark of the beech; belonging to the beech. [AS. b.]
- dirge n.
- A piece of music of a mournful character, to accompany funeral rites; a funeral hymn. [Contraction of Lat. dirige, direct thou (imperative of dirigere), the first word of a funeral hymn (Lat. transl. of Psalm v. 8) beginning, "Dirige, Domine, in c]
- hoary a.
- White or whitish."The hoary willows."
- riderless a.
- Having no rider; as, a riderless horse. H. Kingsley.
- steed n.
- A horse, especially a spirited horse for state of war; -- used chiefly in poetry or stately prose. [OE. stede, AS. steda a stud-horse, war horse, fr. stod a stud of breeding steeds; akin to G. stute a mare, Icel. stedda, sto, a stud. *163. See Stud of horses.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Burial of the Minnisink is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poetical Works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Project Gutenberg ebook #1365; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Burial of the Minnisink, in The Complete Poetical Works (1839–1882), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #1365, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/longfellow-poems/burial-of-the-minnisink.html, id L17493.
Form and metre
Burial of the Minnisink is 48 lines in 8 stanzas of 6 lines each. The rhyme scheme is AABBCC, complete in 7 of its 8 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%). 94% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.3 syllables. 4 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 31% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in iambic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 AABBCC swellA · fellA · brownB · downB · receivesC · leavesC
- 2 AABB-- lightA · whiteA · coneB · shoneB · lakes · awakes
- 3 AABBCC heardA · stirredA · bandB · handB · waveC · graveC
- 4 AABBCC bowersA · flowersA · shedB · headB · decaysC · daysC
- 5 AABBCC skinA · withinA · madeB · laidB · reedsC · beadsC
- 6 AABBCC trainA · slainA · cameB · fameB · griefC · chiefC
- 7 AABBCC dressA · riderlessA · spreadB · treadB · proudC · crowdC
- 8 AABBCC freedA · steedA · wayB · neighB · plainC · againC
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| On sunny slope and beechen swell, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| The shadowed light of evening fell; | 9 | ·/˘˘··/˘· |
| And, where the maple's leaf was brown, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| With soft and silent lapse came down, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| The glory, that the wood receives, | 8 | ·/˘···˘/ |
| At sunset, in its golden leaves. | 8 | ·/···/˘· |
| Far upward in the mellow light | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Rose the blue hills. One cloud of white, | 8 | ········ |
| Around a far uplifted cone, | 8 | ····/˘˘· |
| In the warm blush of evening shone; | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| An image of the silver lakes, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| By which the Indian's soul awakes. | 9 | ···/˘˘·˘/ |
| But soon a funeral hymn was heard | 9 | ···/˘˘··· |
| Where the soft breath of evening stirred | 9 | ·····/˘·˘ |
| The tall, gray forest; and a band | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Of stern in heart, and strong in hand, | 8 | ········ |
| Came winding down beside the wave, | 8 | ·/˘·˘/·· |
| To lay the red chief in his grave. | 8 | ········ |
| They sang, that by his native bowers | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| He stood, in the last moon of flowers, | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| And thirty snows had not yet shed | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Their glory on the warrior's head; | 9 | ·/˘··/˘˘· |
| But, as the summer fruit decays, | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| So died he in those naked days. | 9 | ·····/˘˘· |
| A dark cloak of the roebuck's skin | 8 | ·····/·· |
| Covered the warrior, and within | 10 | /˘˘·/˘˘··· |
| Its heavy folds the weapons, made | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| For the hard toils of war, were laid; | 8 | ········ |
| The cuirass, woven of plaited reeds, | 9 | ·˘//˘·/˘· |
| And the broad belt of shells and beads. | 8 | ········ |
| Before, a dark-haired virgin train | 9 | ·····˘/˘· |
| Chanted the death dirge of the slain; | 8 | /˘······ |
| Behind, the long procession came | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| Of hoary men and chiefs of fame, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| With heavy hearts, and eyes of grief, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Leading the war-horse of their chief. | 8 | /˘······ |
| Stripped of his proud and martial dress, | 9 | ·˘····/˘· |
| Uncurbed, unreined, and riderless, | 10 | ··˘/˘˘·/˘˘ |
| With darting eye, and nostril spread, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| And heavy and impatient tread, | 8 | ·/˘·˘/˘· |
| He came; and oft that eye so proud | 8 | ········ |
| Asked for his rider in the crowd. | 9 | ·˘··/˘··· |
| They buried the dark chief; they freed | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Beside the grave his battle steed; | 8 | ˘/···/˘· |
| And swift an arrow cleaved its way | 9 | ···/˘·˘·· |
| To his stern heart! One piercing neigh | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Arose, and, on the dead man's plain, | 8 | ˘/······ |
| The rider grasps his steed again. | 8 | ·/˘···˘/ |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.