The Symphony

Sidney Lanier (1842–1881) · 1884

iambic tetrameter · octosyllabic couplets · 367 lines · from Poems

"O Trade! O Trade! would thou wert dead!The Time needs heart -- 'tis tired of head:We're all for love," the violins said."Of what avail the rigorous taleOf bill for coin and box for bale?Grant thee, O Trade! thine uttermost hope:Level red gold with blue sky-slope,And base it deep as devils grope:When all's done, what hast thou wonOf the only sweet that's under the sun?Ay, canst thou buy a single sighOf true love's least, least ecstasy?"Then, with a bridegroom's heart-beats trembling,All the mightier strings assemblingRanged them on the violins' sideAs when the bridegroom leads the bride,And, heart in voice, together cried:"Yea, what avail the endless taleOf gain by cunning and plus by sale?Look up the land, look down the landThe poor, the poor, the poor, they standWedged by the pressing of Trade's handAgainst an inward-opening doorThat pressure tightens evermore:They sigh a monstrous foul-air sighFor the outside leagues of liberty,Where Art, sweet lark, translates the skyInto a heavenly melody.`Each day, all day' (these poor folks say),`In the same old year-long, drear-long way,We weave in the mills and heave in the kilns,We sieve mine-meshes under the hills,And thieve much gold from the Devil's bank tills,To relieve, O God, what manner of ills? --The beasts, they hunger, and eat, and die;And so do we, and the world's a sty;Hush, fellow-swine: why nuzzle and cry?"Swinehood hath no remedy"Say many men, and hasten by,Clamping the nose and blinking the eye.But who said once, in the lordly tone,"Man shall not live by bread aloneBut all that cometh from the Throne?"Hath God said so?But Trade saith "No:"And the kilns and the curt-tongued mills say "Go!There's plenty that can, if you can't: we know.Move out, if you think you're underpaid.The poor are prolific; we're not afraid;Trade is trade."'"Thereat this passionate protestingMeekly changed, and softened tillIt sank to sad requestingAnd suggesting sadder still:"And oh, if men might some time seeHow piteous-false the poor decreeThat trade no more than trade must be!Does business mean, `Die, you -- live, I?'Then `Trade is trade' but sings a lie:'Tis only war grown miserly.If business is battle, name it so:War-crimes less will shame it so,And widows less will blame it so.Alas, for the poor to have some partIn yon sweet living lands of Art,Makes problem not for head, but heart.Vainly might Plato's brain revolve it:Plainly the heart of a child could solve it."

And then, as when from words that seem but rudeWe pass to silent pain that sits abroodBack in our heart's great dark and solitude,So sank the strings to gentle throbbingOf long chords change-marked with sobbing --Motherly sobbing, not distinctlier heardThan half wing-openings of the sleeping bird,Some dream of danger to her young hath stirred.Then stirring and demurring ceased, and lo!Every least ripple of the strings' song-flowDied to a level with each level bowAnd made a great chord tranquil-surfaced so,As a brook beneath his curving bank doth goTo linger in the sacred dark and greenWhere many boughs the still pool overleanAnd many leaves make shadow with their sheen.But presentlyA velvet flute-note fell down pleasantlyUpon the bosom of that harmony,And sailed and sailed incessantly,As if a petal from a wild-rose blownHad fluttered down upon that pool of toneAnd boatwise dropped o' the convex sideAnd floated down the glassy tideAnd clarified and glorifiedThe solemn spaces where the shadows bide.From the warm concave of that fluted noteSomewhat, half song, half odor, forth did float,As if a rose might somehow be a throat:"When Nature from her far-off glenFlutes her soft messages to men,The flute can say them o'er again;Yea, Nature, singing sweet and lone,Breathes through life's strident polyphoneThe flute-voice in the world of tone.Sweet friends,Man's love ascendsTo finer and diviner endsThan man's mere thought e'er comprehendsFor I, e'en I,As here I lie,A petal on a harmony,Demand of Science whence and whyMan's tender pain, man's inward cry,When he doth gaze on earth and sky?I am not overbold:I holdFull powers from Nature manifold.I speak for each no-tongued treeThat, spring by spring, doth nobler be,And dumbly and most wistfullyHis mighty prayerful arms outspreadsAbove men's oft-unheeding heads,And his big blessing downward sheds.I speak for all-shaped blooms and leaves,Lichens on stones and moss on eaves,Grasses and grains in ranks and sheaves;Broad-fronded ferns and keen-leaved canes,And briery mazes bounding lanes,And marsh-plants, thirsty-cupped for rains,And milky stems and sugary veins;For every long-armed woman-vineThat round a piteous tree doth twine;For passionate odors, and divinePistils, and petals crystalline;All purities of shady springs,All shynesses of film-winged thingsThat fly from tree-trunks and bark-rings;All modesties of mountain-fawnsThat leap to covert from wild lawns,And tremble if the day but dawns;All sparklings of small beady eyesOf birds, and sidelong glances wiseWherewith the jay hints tragedies;All piquancies of prickly burs,And smoothnesses of downs and fursOf eiders and of minevers;All limpid honeys that do lieAt stamen-bases, nor denyThe humming-birds' fine roguery,Bee-thighs, nor any butterfly;All gracious curves of slender wings,Bark-mottlings, fibre-spiralings,Fern-wavings and leaf-flickerings;Each dial-marked leaf and flower-bellWherewith in every lonesome dellTime to himself his hours doth tell;All tree-sounds, rustlings of pine-cones,Wind-sighings, doves' melodious moans,And night's unearthly under-tones;All placid lakes and waveless deeps,All cool reposing mountain-steeps,Vale-calms and tranquil lotos-sleeps; --Yea, all fair forms, and sounds, and lights,And warmths, and mysteries, and mights,Of Nature's utmost depths and heights,-- These doth my timid tongue present,Their mouthpiece and leal instrumentAnd servant, all love-eloquent.I heard, when `"All for love"' the violins cried:So, Nature calls through all her system wide,`Give me thy love, O man, so long denied.'Much time is run, and man hath changed his ways,Since Nature, in the antique fable-days,Was hid from man's true love by proxy fays,False fauns and rascal gods that stole her praise.The nymphs, cold creatures of man's colder brain,Chilled Nature's streams till man's warm heart was fainNever to lave its love in them again.Later, a sweet Voice `Love thy neighbor' said;Then first the bounds of neighborhood outspreadBeyond all confines of old ethnic dread.Vainly the Jew might wag his covenant head:`"All men are neighbors,"' so the sweet Voice said.So, when man's arms had circled all man's race,The liberal compass of his warm embraceStretched bigger yet in the dark bounds of space;With hands a-grope he felt smooth Nature's grace,Drew her to breast and kissed her sweetheart face:Yea man found neighbors in great hills and treesAnd streams and clouds and suns and birds and bees,And throbbed with neighbor-loves in loving these.But oh, the poor! the poor! the poor!That stand by the inward-opening doorTrade's hand doth tighten ever more,And sigh their monstrous foul-air sighFor the outside hills of liberty,Where Nature spreads her wild blue skyFor Art to make into melody!Thou Trade! thou king of the modern days!Change thy ways,Change thy ways;Let the sweaty laborers fileA little while,A little while,Where Art and Nature sing and smile.Trade! is thy heart all dead, all dead?And hast thou nothing but a head?I'm all for heart," the flute-voice said,And into sudden silence fled,Like as a blush that while 'tis redDies to a still, still white instead.

Thereto a thrilling calm succeeds,Till presently the silence breedsA little breeze among the reedsThat seems to blow by sea-marsh weeds:Then from the gentle stir and fretSings out the melting clarionet,Like as a lady sings while yetHer eyes with salty tears are wet."O Trade! O Trade!" the Lady said,"I too will wish thee utterly deadIf all thy heart is in thy head.For O my God! and O my God!What shameful ways have women trodAt beckoning of Trade's golden rod!Alas when sighs are traders' lies,And heart's-ease eyes and violet eyesAre merchandise!O purchased lips that kiss with pain!O cheeks coin-spotted with smirch and stain!O trafficked hearts that break in twain!-- And yet what wonder at my sisters' crime?So hath Trade withered up Love's sinewy prime,Men love not women as in olden time.Ah, not in these cold merchantable daysDeem men their life an opal gray, where playsThe one red Sweet of gracious ladies'-praise.Now, comes a suitor with sharp prying eye --Says, `Here, you Lady, if you'll sell, I'll buy:Come, heart for heart -- a trade? What! weeping? why?'Shame on such wooers' dapper mercery!I would my lover kneeling at my feetIn humble manliness should cry, `O sweet!I know not if thy heart my heart will greet:I ask not if thy love my love can meet:Whate'er thy worshipful soft tongue shall say,I'll kiss thine answer, be it yea or nay:I do but know I love thee, and I prayTo be thy knight until my dying day.'Woe him that cunning trades in hearts contrives!Base love good women to base loving drives.If men loved larger, larger were our lives;And wooed they nobler, won they nobler wives."

There thrust the bold straightforward hornTo battle for that lady lorn,With heartsome voice of mellow scorn,Like any knight in knighthood's morn."Now comfort thee," said he,"Fair Lady.For God shall right thy grievous wrong,And man shall sing thee a true-love song,Voiced in act his whole life long,Yea, all thy sweet life long,Fair Lady.Where's he that craftily hath said,The day of chivalry is dead?I'll prove that lie upon his head,Or I will die instead,Fair Lady.Is Honor gone into his grave?Hath Faith become a caitiff knave,And Selfhood turned into a slaveTo work in Mammon's cave,Fair Lady?Will Truth's long blade ne'er gleam again?Hath Giant Trade in dungeons slainAll great contempts of mean-got gainAnd hates of inward stain,Fair Lady?For aye shall name and fame be sold,And place be hugged for the sake of gold,And smirch-robed Justice feebly scoldAt Crime all money-bold,Fair Lady?Shall self-wrapt husbands aye forgetKiss-pardons for the daily fretWherewith sweet wifely eyes are wet --Blind to lips kiss-wise set --Fair Lady?Shall lovers higgle, heart for heart,Till wooing grows a trading martWhere much for little, and all for part,Make love a cheapening art,Fair Lady?Shall woman scorch for a single sinThat her betrayer may revel in,And she be burnt, and he but grinWhen that the flames begin,Fair Lady?Shall ne'er prevail the woman's plea,`We maids would far, far whiter beIf that our eyes might sometimes seeMen maids in purity,'Fair Lady?Shall Trade aye salve his conscience-achesWith jibes at Chivalry's old mistakes --The wars that o'erhot knighthood makesFor Christ's and ladies' sakes,Fair Lady?Now by each knight that e'er hath prayedTo fight like a man and love like a maid,Since Pembroke's life, as Pembroke's blade,I' the scabbard, death, was laid,Fair Lady,I dare avouch my faith is brightThat God doth right and God hath might.Nor time hath changed His hair to white,Nor His dear love to spite,Fair Lady.I doubt no doubts: I strive, and shrive my clay,And fight my fight in the patient modern wayFor true love and for thee -- ah me! and prayTo be thy knight until my dying day,Fair Lady."Made end that knightly horn, and spurred awayInto the thick of the melodious fray.

And then the hautboy played and smiled,And sang like any large-eyed child,Cool-hearted and all undefiled."Huge Trade!" he said,"Would thou wouldst lift me on thy headAnd run where'er my finger led!Once said a Man -- and wise was He --`Never shalt thou the heavens see,Save as a little child thou be.'"Then o'er sea-lashings of commingling tunesThe ancient wise bassoons,Like weirdGray-beardOld harpers sitting on the high sea-dunes,Chanted runes:"Bright-waved gain, gray-waved loss,The sea of all doth lash and toss,One wave forward and one across:But now 'twas trough, now 'tis crest,And worst doth foam and flash to best,And curst to blest.

Life! Life! thou sea-fugue, writ from east to west,Love, Love alone can poreOn thy dissolving scoreOf harsh half-phrasings,Blotted ere writ,And double erasingsOf chords most fit.May read thy weltering palimpsest.To follow Time's dying melodies through,And never to lose the old in the new,And ever to solve the discords true --Love alone can do.And ever Love hears the poor-folks' crying,And ever Love hears the women's sighing,And ever sweet knighthood's death-defying,And ever wise childhood's deep implying,But never a trader's glozing and lying.

And yet shall Love himself be heard,Though long deferred, though long deferred:O'er the modern waste a dove hath whirred:Music is Love in search of a word."

Words in this poem 88
needs adv.
Of necessity; necessarily; indispensably; -- often with must, and equivalent to of need. [Orig. gen. of need, used as an adverb. Cf. - wards.]
uttermost a.
Extreme; utmost; being; in the farthest, greatest, or highest degree; as, the uttermost extent or end. [From Utter, a.; cf. Utmost, and Outermost.]
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
bridegroom n.
A man newly married, or just about to be married. [OE. bridegome, brudgume, AS. br (akin to OS. br, D. bruidegom, bruigom, OHG. pr, MHG. briutegome, G. bräutigam); AS. br bride + guma man, akin to Goth. guma, Ic]
evermore adv.
During eternity; always; forever; for an indefinite period; at all times; -- often used substantively with for.
folks n.
In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
drear n.
Sadness; dismalness.
thieve v. t.
To practice theft; to steal. [AS. ge.]
relieve v. t.
To lift up; to raise again, as one who has fallen; to cause to rise. Piers Plowman. [OE. releven, F. relever to raise again, discharge, relieve, fr. L. relevare to lift up, raise, make light, relieve; pref. re- re- + levare to raise, fr. levis l]
nuzzle v. t.
To noursle or nurse; to foster; to bring up. [See Noursle.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
saith
3d pers. sing. pres. of Say.
thereat adv.
At that place; there.
meekly adv.
In a meek manner.
miserly a.
Like a miser; very covetous; sordid; niggardly. [From Miser.]
abrood adv.
In the act of brooding. Abp. Sancroft. [Pref. a- + brood.]
sobbing n.
A series of short, convulsive inspirations, the glottis being suddenly closed so that little or no air enters into the lungs.
sheen v. i.
To shine; to glisten.
presently adv.
At present; at this time; now.
pleasantly adv.
In a pleasant manner.
incessantly adv.
Unceasingly; continually.
bide v. i.
To dwell; to inhabit; to abide; to stay. [OE. biden, AS. bidan; akin to OHG. bitan, Goth. beidan, Icel. bi; perh. orig., to wait with trust, and akin to bid. See Bid, v. t., and cf. Abide.]
somehow adv.
In one way or another; in some way not yet known or designated; by some means; as, the thing must be done somehow; he lives somehow.
lone n.
A lane. See Loanin.
strident a.
Characterized by harshness; grating; shrill. [L. stridens, -entis, p.pr. of stridere to make a grating or creaking noise.]
polyphone n.
A character or vocal sign representing more than one sound, as read, which is pronounced red or rèd.
overbold a.
Excessively or presumptuously bold; impudent.
dumbly adv.
In silence; mutely.
prayerful a.
Given to prayer; praying much or often; devotional.
briery a.
Full of briers; thorny.
sugary a.
Resembling or containing sugar; tasting of sugar; sweet.
beady a.
Resembling beads; small, round, and glistening.
sidelong adv.
Laterally; obliquely; in the direction of the side. [See Sideling, adv.]
wherewith adv.
With which; -- used relatively.
roguery n.
The life of a vargant.
fibre n.
One of the delicate, threadlike portions of which the tissues of plants and animals are in part constituted; as, the fiber of flax or of muscle. [F. fibre, L. fibra.]
lonesome a.
Secluded from society; not frequented by human beings; solitary.
dell n.
A small, retired valley; a ravine. [AS. del, akin to E. dale; cf. D. delle, del, low ground. See Dale.]
unearthly a.
Not terrestrial; supernatural; preternatural; hence, weird; appalling; terrific; as, an unearthly sight or sound.
placid a.
Pleased; contented; unruffied; undisturbed; serene; peaceful; tranquil; quiet; gentle. [L. placidus, originally, pleasing, mild, from placere to please: cf. F. placide. See Please.]
waveless a.
Free from waves; undisturbed; not agitated; as, the waveless sea.
vale n.
A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. [OE. val, F. val, L. vallis; perhaps akin to Gr. Avalanche, Vail to lower, Valley.]
leal a.
Faithful; loyal; true. [OE. leial, another form of loial, F. loyal. See Loyal.]
stole n.
A long, loose garment reaching to the feet. [AS. stole, L. stola, Gr. stall. See Stall.]
chilled a.
Hardened on the surface or edge by chilling; as, chilled iron; a chilled wheel.
fain v. t.
To be glad ; to wish or desire.
lave v. t.
To lade, dip, or pour out. [OE. laven. See Lavish.]
outspread v. t.
To spread out; to expand; -- usually as a past part. or adj.
ethnic n.
A heathen; a pagan.
circled a.
Having the form of a circle; round.
bigger a.
, compar. of Big.
sweaty a.
Moist with sweat; as, a sweaty skin; a sweaty garment.
thrilling a.
Causing a thrill; causing tremulous excitement; deeply moving; as, a thrilling romance.
salty a.
Somewhat salt; saltish.
smirch v. t.
To smear with something which stains, or makes dirty; to smutch; to begrime; to soil; to sully. [From the root of smear.]
twain a.
Two;- nearly obsolete in common discourse, but used in poetry and burlesque. [OE. twein, tweien, tweyne, AS. twegen, masc. See Two.]
olden a.
Old; ancient; as, the olden time.
merchantable a.
Fit for market; such as is usually sold in market, or such as will bring the ordinary price; as, merchantable wheat; sometimes, a technical designation for a particular kind or class.
deem v. t.
To decide; to judge; to sentence; to condemn. [OE. demen to judge, condemn, AS. d, fr. d doom; akin to OFries. d, OS. ad, D. doemen, OHG. tuommen, Icel. dæma, Sw. dömma, Dan. dömme, Goth. d. See Doom, n., an]
suitor n.
One who sues, petitions, or entreats; a petitioner; an applicant.
prying a.
Inspecting closely or impertinently.
dapper a.
Little and active; spruce; trim; smart; neat in dress or appearance; lively. [OE. daper; prob. fr. D. dapper brave, valiant; akin to G. tapfer brave, OHG. taphar heavy, weighty, OSlav. dobrû good, Russ. dobrui. Cf. Deft.]
mercery n.
The trade of mercers; the goods in which a mercer deals. [F. mercerie.]
manliness n.
The quality or state of being manly.
worshipful a.
Entitled to worship, reverence, or high respect; claiming respect; worthy of honor; -- often used as a term of respect, sometimes ironically.
straightforward a.
Proceeding in a straight course or manner; not deviating; honest; frank.
lorn a.
Lost; undone; ruined. [Strong p. p. of Lose. See Lose, Forlorn.]
heartsome a.
Merry; cheerful; lively.
morn n.
The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
voiced a.
Furnished with a voice; expressed by the voice.
craftily adv.
With craft; artfully; cunningly. [See Crafty.]
caitiff a.
Captive; wretched; unfortunate. [OE. caitif, cheitif, captive, miserable, OF. caitif, chaitif, captive, mean, wretched, F. chétif, fr. L. captivus captive, fr. capere to take, akin to E. heave.]
knave n.
A boy; especially, a boy servant. Wyclif. [OE., boy, servant, knave, AS. cnafa boy, youth; cf. AS. cnapa boy, youth, D. kna, G. knabe boy, knappe esquire, Icel. knapi, Sw. knape esquire, knäfvel knave.]
selfhood n.
Existence as a separate self, or independent person; conscious personality; individuality. Bib. Sacra.
wifely a.
Becoming or life; of or pertaining to a wife. [AS. wiflic.]
higgle v. i.
To hawk or peddle provisions. [Cf. Haggle, or Huckster.]
mart v. t.
To buy or sell in, or as in, a mart.
scorch v. t.
To burn superficially; to parch, or shrivel, the surface of, by heat; to subject to so much heat as changes color and texture without consuming; as, to scorch linen. [OE. scorchen, probably akin to scorcnen; cf. Norw. skrokken shrunk up, skrekka, skrökka, to shrink, to become wrinkled up, dial. Sw. skråkkla to wrinkle (see Sh]
betrayer n.
One who, or that which, betrays.
grin n.
A snare; a gin. [AS. grin.]
conscience n.
Knowledge of one's own thoughts or actions; consciousness. [F. conscience, fr. L. conscientia, fr. consciens, p.pr. of conscire to know, to be conscious; con- + scire to know. See Science.]
avouch v. t.
To appeal to; to cite or claim as authority. [OF. avochier, LL. advocare to recognize the existence of a thing, to advocate, fr. L. advocare to call to; ad + vocare to call. Cf. Avow to declare, Advocate, a]
shrive v. t.
To hear or receive the confession of; to administer confession and absolution to; -- said of a priest as the agent. [OE. shriven, schriven, AS. scrivan to shrive, to impose penance or punishment; akin to OFries. skriva to impose punishment; cf. OS. biskriban to be troubled. Cf]
knightly a.
Of or pertaining to a knight; becoming a knight; chivalrous; as, a knightly combat; a knightly spirit. [AS. cnihtlic boyish.]
hautboy n.
A wind instrument, sounded through a reed, and similar in shape to the clarinet, but with a thinner tone. Now more commonly called oboe. See Illust. of Oboe. [F. hautbois, lit., high wood; haut high + bois wood. So called on account of its high tone. See Haughty, Bush; and cf. Oboe.]
shalt
2d per. sing. of Shall.
curst a.
Froward; malignant; mischievous; malicious; snarling. [SeeCurse.]
palimpsest n.
A parchment which has been written upon twice, the first writing having been erased to make place for the second. [L. palimpsestus, Gr. palimpseste.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Symphony is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poems of Sidney Lanier, Project Gutenberg ebook #579; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Sidney Lanier, The Symphony, in Poems (1884), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #579, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/lanier-poems/the-symphony.html, id L07625.

Form and metre

The Symphony is 367 lines in 7 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 59% of the lines: octosyllabic couplets. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 84%). 92% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.2 syllables. 55 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 28% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in octosyllabic couplets, other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AAABBCCCDD--EEFFFGGHHHIIJ-J-KK-LLLMMM-MMNNNOOOOPPPQRQRSSSSS----TTT-- deadA · headA · saidA · taleB · baleB · hopeC · slopeC · gropeC · wonD · sunD · sigh · ecstasy · tremblingE · assemblingE · sideF · brideF · criedF · taleG · saleG · landH · standH · handH · doorI · evermoreI · sighJ · liberty · skyJ · melody · sayK · wayK · kilns · hillsL · tillsL · illsL · dieM · styM · cryM · remedy · byM · eyeM · toneN · aloneN · throneN · soO · noO · goO · knowO · underpaidP · afraidP · tradeP · protestingQ · tillR · requestingQ · stillR · seeS · decreeS · beS · iS · lieS · miserly · so · so · so · partT · artT · heartT · it · it
  2. 2 AAABBCCCDD-DDE-EFF--GGHHHHIIIJJJKKKLLLLMM-MMMNNNMM-OOOPPPQQQQRRRRSSSTTTUUUUU-VV-VWWWXXXYYYZZ-a-a---bbbccccdd-eeeeefffffggg-hhi-i-jjjkkkkllllll rudeA · abroodA · solitudeA · throbbingB · sobbingB · heardC · birdC · stirredC · loD · flowD · bow · soD · goD · greenE · overlean · sheenE · presentlyF · pleasantlyF · harmony · incessantly · blownG · toneG · sideH · tideH · glorifiedH · bideH · noteI · floatI · throatI · glenJ · menJ · againJ · loneK · polyphoneK · toneK · friendsL · ascendsL · endsL · comprehendsL · iM · lieM · harmony · whyM · cryM · skyM · overboldN · holdN · manifoldN · treeM · beM · wistfully · outspreadsO · headsO · shedsO · leavesP · eavesP · sheavesP · canesQ · lanesQ · rainsQ · veinsQ · vineR · twineR · divineR · crystallineR · springsS · thingsS · ringsS · fawnsT · lawnsT · dawnsT · eyesU · wiseU · tragediesU · bursU · fursU · minevers · lieV · denyV · roguery · butterflyV · wingsW · spiralingsW · flickeringsW · bellX · dellX · tellX · conesY · moansY · tonesY · deepsZ · steepsZ · sleeps · lightsa · mights · heightsa · present · instrument · eloquent · criedb · wideb · deniedb · waysc · daysc · faysc · praisec · braind · faind · again · saide · outspreade · dreade · heade · saide · racef · embracef · spacef · gracef · facef · treesg · beesg · theseg · poor · doorh · moreh · sighi · liberty · skyi · melody · daysj · waysj · waysj · filek · whilek · whilek · smilek · deadl · headl · saidl · fledl · redl · insteadl
  3. 3 AAAAB-BBCCCDDDEEEFFFGGGHHHIII-JJJJKKKKLL-L succeedsA · breedsA · reedsA · weedsA · fretB · clarionet · yetB · wetB · saidC · deadC · headC · godD · trodD · rodD · liesE · eyesE · merchandiseE · painF · stainF · twainF · crimeG · primeG · timeG · daysH · playsH · praiseH · eyeI · buyI · whyI · mercery · feetJ · sweetJ · greetJ · meetJ · sayK · nayK · prayK · dayK · contrivesL · drivesL · lives · wivesL
  4. 4 AAAA--BBBB-CCCC-DDDD--EEE-FFFF-GGGG-HHHH-IIII-JJJ--KKKK-LLLL-MMMM-NNNN-NN hornA · lornA · scornA · mornA · he · lady · wrongB · songB · longB · longB · lady · saidC · deadC · headC · insteadC · lady · graveD · knaveD · slaveD · caveD · lady · again · slainE · gainE · stainE · lady · soldF · goldF · scoldF · boldF · lady · forgetG · fretG · wetG · setG · lady · heartH · martH · partH · artH · lady · sinI · inI · grinI · beginI · lady · pleaJ · beJ · seeJ · purity · lady · achesK · mistakesK · makesK · sakesK · lady · prayedL · maidL · bladeL · laidL · lady · brightM · mightM · whiteM · spiteM · lady · clayN · wayN · prayN · dayN · lady · awayN · frayN
  5. 5 AAABBBCCCDDEEDDFFFGGG smiledA · childA · undefiledA · saidB · headB · ledB · heC · seeC · beC · tunesD · bassoonsD · weirdE · beardE · dunesD · runesD · lossF · tossF · acrossF · crestG · bestG · blestG
  6. 6 -AA-B-B-CCCCDDDDD west · poreA · scoreA · phrasings · writB · erasings · fitB · palimpsest · throughC · newC · trueC · doC · cryingD · sighingD · defyingD · implyingD · lyingD
  7. 7 AAAA heardA · deferredA · whirredA · wordA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
"O Trade! O Trade! would thou wert dead!8········
The Time needs heart -- 'tis tired of head:10·····/˘˘··
We're all for love," the violins said.9·····˘˘/·
"Of what avail the rigorous tale9··˘/·/˘˘·
Of bill for coin and box for bale?8········
Grant thee, O Trade! thine uttermost hope:9·····/˘˘·
Level red gold with blue sky-slope,8/˘······
And base it deep as devils grope:8·····/˘·
When all's done, what hast thou won7·······
Of the only sweet that's under the sun?10··/˘······
Ay, canst thou buy a single sigh8·····/˘·
Of true love's least, least ecstasy?"8·····/˘˘
Then, with a bridegroom's heart-beats trembling,10···/···/˘˘
All the mightier strings assembling10··/˘˘·˘/˘˘
Ranged them on the violins' side9·˘···˘˘/·
As when the bridegroom leads the bride,8···/····
And, heart in voice, together cried:8····˘/˘·
"Yea, what avail the endless tale8··˘/·/˘·
Of gain by cunning and plus by sale?9···/˘····
Look up the land, look down the land8········
The poor, the poor, the poor, they stand8········
Wedged by the pressing of Trade's hand9·˘··/˘···
Against an inward-opening door9···/˘/˘˘·
That pressure tightens evermore:8·/˘/˘/˘·
They sigh a monstrous foul-air sigh8···/˘···
For the outside leagues of liberty,9··//··/˘˘
Where Art, sweet lark, translates the sky8····˘/··
Into a heavenly melody.9···/˘˘/˘˘
`Each day, all day' (these poor folks say),8········
`In the same old year-long, drear-long way,9·········
We weave in the mills and heave in the kilns,10··········
We sieve mine-meshes under the hills,9···/˘····
And thieve much gold from the Devil's bank tills,10······/˘··
To relieve, O God, what manner of ills? --10·˘/···/˘··
The beasts, they hunger, and eat, and die;9···/˘····
And so do we, and the world's a sty;9·········
Hush, fellow-swine: why nuzzle and cry?9·/˘··/˘··
"Swinehood hath no remedy"8·····/˘˘
Say many men, and hasten by,8·/˘··/˘·
Clamping the nose and blinking the eye.9/˘···/˘··
But who said once, in the lordly tone,9······/˘·
"Man shall not live by bread alone8······˘/
But all that cometh from the Throne?"8···/˘···
Hath God said so?4····
But Trade saith "No:"4····
And the kilns and the curt-tongued mills say "Go!10··········
There's plenty that can, if you can't: we know.10·/˘·······
Move out, if you think you're underpaid.9······/˘/
The poor are prolific; we're not afraid;10···˘/˘··˘/
Trade is trade."'"3···
Thereat this passionate protesting9˘/·/˘˘˘/˘
Meekly changed, and softened till7/˘··/˘·
It sank to sad requesting7····˘/˘
And suggesting sadder still:7·˘/˘/˘·
"And oh, if men might some time see8········
How piteous-false the poor decree9·/˘˘···˘/
That trade no more than trade must be!8········
Does business mean, `Die, you -- live, I?'8·/˘·····
Then `Trade is trade' but sings a lie:8········
'Tis only war grown miserly.8·/˘··/˘˘
If business is battle, name it so:9·/˘·/˘···
War-crimes less will shame it so,7·······
And widows less will blame it so.8·/˘·····
Alas, for the poor to have some part9˘/·······
In yon sweet living lands of Art,8···/˘···
Makes problem not for head, but heart.8·/˘·····
Vainly might Plato's brain revolve it:9/˘·/˘·˘/·
Plainly the heart of a child could solve it."10/˘········
And then, as when from words that seem but rude10··········
We pass to silent pain that sits abrood10···/˘···˘/
Back in our heart's great dark and solitude,10··/····/˘·
So sank the strings to gentle throbbing9·····/˘/˘
Of long chords change-marked with sobbing --9·····˘·/˘
Motherly sobbing, not distinctlier heard10/˘˘/˘·····
Than half wing-openings of the sleeping bird,10···/˘··/˘·
Some dream of danger to her young hath stirred.10···/˘·····
Then stirring and demurring ceased, and lo!10·/˘·˘/˘···
Every least ripple of the strings' song-flow10/˘·/˘·····
Died to a level with each level bow10···/˘··/˘·
And made a great chord tranquil-surfaced so,10·····/˘/˘·
As a brook beneath his curving bank doth go11······/˘···
To linger in the sacred dark and green10·/˘··/˘···
Where many boughs the still pool overlean10·/˘·······
And many leaves make shadow with their sheen.10·/˘··/····
But presently4·/˘˘
A velvet flute-note fell down pleasantly10·/˘····/˘˘
Upon the bosom of that harmony,10···/˘··/˘˘
And sailed and sailed incessantly,10··˘··˘˘/˘˘
As if a petal from a wild-rose blown10···/˘·····
Had fluttered down upon that pool of tone10·/˘·······
And boatwise dropped o' the convex side10····˘··/··
And floated down the glassy tide8·/˘··/˘·
And clarified and glorified8·/˘··/˘·
The solemn spaces where the shadows bide.10·/˘/˘··/··
From the warm concave of that fluted note10···/˘··/˘·
Somewhat, half song, half odor, forth did float,10//···/˘···
As if a rose might somehow be a throat:10·····/····
"When Nature from her far-off glen8·/˘·····
Flutes her soft messages to men,8···/˘˘··
The flute can say them o'er again;8······˘/
Yea, Nature, singing sweet and lone,8·/˘/˘···
Breathes through life's strident polyphone8···/˘/˘˘
The flute-voice in the world of tone.8········
Sweet friends,2··
Man's love ascends4··˘/
To finer and diviner ends8·/˘·˘/˘·
Than man's mere thought e'er comprehends8······˘/
For I, e'en I,4····
As here I lie,4····
A petal on a harmony,8·/˘··/˘˘
Demand of Science whence and why8˘/·/˘···
Man's tender pain, man's inward cry,8·/˘··/˘·
When he doth gaze on earth and sky?8········
I am not overbold:6······
I hold2··
Full powers from Nature manifold.9·/˘·/˘/˘·
I speak for each no-tongued tree7·······
That, spring by spring, doth nobler be,8·····/˘·
And dumbly and most wistfully8·/˘··/˘˘
His mighty prayerful arms outspreads8·/˘/˘···
Above men's oft-unheeding heads,8········
And his big blessing downward sheds.8···/˘/˘·
I speak for all-shaped blooms and leaves,9·····˘···
Lichens on stones and moss on eaves,8/˘······
Grasses and grains in ranks and sheaves;8/˘······
Broad-fronded ferns and keen-leaved canes,9·/˘····˘·
And briery mazes bounding lanes,9·/˘˘/˘/˘·
And marsh-plants, thirsty-cupped for rains,9···/˘·˘··
And milky stems and sugary veins;9·/˘··/˘˘·
For every long-armed woman-vine10·/˘˘··˘/˘·
That round a piteous tree doth twine;9···/˘˘···
For passionate odors, and divine9·/˘˘/˘·˘/
Pistils, and petals crystalline;8/˘·/˘/˘·
All purities of shady springs,8·/˘˘·/˘·
All shynesses of film-winged things9·/˘˘···˘·
That fly from tree-trunks and bark-rings;8········
All modesties of mountain-fawns8·/˘˘·/˘·
That leap to covert from wild lawns,8···/˘···
And tremble if the day but dawns;8·/˘·····
All sparklings of small beady eyes8·/˘··/˘·
Of birds, and sidelong glances wise8···/˘/˘·
Wherewith the jay hints tragedies;8˘/···/˘˘
All piquancies of prickly burs,7····/˘·
And smoothnesses of downs and furs8·/˘˘····
Of eiders and of minevers;8········
All limpid honeys that do lie8·/˘/˘···
At stamen-bases, nor deny8·/˘/˘·˘/
The humming-birds' fine roguery,8·/˘··/˘˘
Bee-thighs, nor any butterfly;8···/˘/˘·
All gracious curves of slender wings,8·/˘··/˘·
Bark-mottlings, fibre-spiralings,9·/˘˘/˘/˘˘
Fern-wavings and leaf-flickerings;8·/˘··/˘˘
Each dial-marked leaf and flower-bell10·/˘·˘··/˘·
Wherewith in every lonesome dell9˘/·/˘˘/˘·
Time to himself his hours doth tell;9··˘/·/˘··
All tree-sounds, rustlings of pine-cones,8···/˘···
Wind-sighings, doves' melodious moans,9·/˘·˘/˘˘·
And night's unearthly under-tones;8··˘/˘···
All placid lakes and waveless deeps,8·/˘··/˘·
All cool reposing mountain-steeps,8··/·˘/˘·
Vale-calms and tranquil lotos-sleeps; --8···/˘/˘·
Yea, all fair forms, and sounds, and lights,8········
And warmths, and mysteries, and mights,8···/˘˘··
Of Nature's utmost depths and heights,8·/˘/····
-- These doth my timid tongue present,8···/˘·˘/
Their mouthpiece and leal instrument8·/···/˘˘
And servant, all love-eloquent.8·/˘··/˘˘
I heard, when `"All for love"' the violins cried:10·······˘/·
So, Nature calls through all her system wide,10·/˘····/˘·
`Give me thy love, O man, so long denied.'10········˘/
Much time is run, and man hath changed his ways,10··········
Since Nature, in the antique fable-days,10·/˘··˘//˘·
Was hid from man's true love by proxy fays,10·······/˘·
False fauns and rascal gods that stole her praise.10···/˘·····
The nymphs, cold creatures of man's colder brain,10···/˘··/˘·
Chilled Nature's streams till man's warm heart was fain10·/˘·······
Never to lave its love in them again.10/˘······˘/
Later, a sweet Voice `Love thy neighbor' said;10/˘·····/˘·
Then first the bounds of neighborhood outspread10·····/˘·˘/
Beyond all confines of old ethnic dread.10···/···/˘·
Vainly the Jew might wag his covenant head:10/˘·····/˘·
`"All men are neighbors,"' so the sweet Voice said.10···/˘·····
So, when man's arms had circled all man's race,10·····/˘···
The liberal compass of his warm embrace10·/˘/˘···˘/
Stretched bigger yet in the dark bounds of space;10·/˘·······
With hands a-grope he felt smooth Nature's grace,10·······/˘·
Drew her to breast and kissed her sweetheart face:10·······/··
Yea man found neighbors in great hills and trees10···/˘·····
And streams and clouds and suns and birds and bees,10··········
And throbbed with neighbor-loves in loving these.10···/˘··/˘·
But oh, the poor! the poor! the poor!8········
That stand by the inward-opening door10····/˘/˘˘·
Trade's hand doth tighten ever more,8···/˘/˘·
And sigh their monstrous foul-air sigh8···/˘···
For the outside hills of liberty,9··//··/˘˘
Where Nature spreads her wild blue sky8·/˘·····
For Art to make into melody!9······/˘˘
Thou Trade! thou king of the modern days!9······/˘·
Change thy ways,3···
Change thy ways;3···
Let the sweaty laborers file8··/˘/˘˘·
A little while,4·/˘·
A little while,4·/˘·
Where Art and Nature sing and smile.8···/˘···
Trade! is thy heart all dead, all dead?8········
And hast thou nothing but a head?8···/˘···
I'm all for heart," the flute-voice said,8········
And into sudden silence fled,8···/˘/˘·
Like as a blush that while 'tis red8········
Dies to a still, still white instead.8······˘/
Thereto a thrilling calm succeeds,8˘/·/˘·˘/
Till presently the silence breeds8·/˘˘·/˘·
A little breeze among the reeds8·/˘·····
That seems to blow by sea-marsh weeds:8········
Then from the gentle stir and fret8···/˘···
Sings out the melting clarionet,8···/˘···
Like as a lady sings while yet8···/˘···
Her eyes with salty tears are wet.8···/˘···
"O Trade! O Trade!" the Lady said,8·····/˘·
"I too will wish thee utterly dead9·····/˘˘·
If all thy heart is in thy head.8········
For O my God! and O my God!8········
What shameful ways have women trod8·/˘··/˘·
At beckoning of Trade's golden rod!9·/˘˘··/˘·
Alas when sighs are traders' lies,8˘/···/˘·
And heart's-ease eyes and violet eyes9·····/˘˘·
Are merchandise!4·/˘·
O purchased lips that kiss with pain!9·/˘˘·····
O cheeks coin-spotted with smirch and stain!9···/˘····
O trafficked hearts that break in twain!9···˘·····
-- And yet what wonder at my sisters' crime?10···/˘··/˘·
So hath Trade withered up Love's sinewy prime,10···/˘··/˘·
Men love not women as in olden time.10···/˘··/˘·
Ah, not in these cold merchantable days10·····/˘˘˘·
Deem men their life an opal gray, where plays10·····/˘···
The one red Sweet of gracious ladies'-praise.10·····/˘/··
Now, comes a suitor with sharp prying eye --10···/˘··/˘·
Says, `Here, you Lady, if you'll sell, I'll buy:10···/˘·····
Come, heart for heart -- a trade? What! weeping? why?'10·······/˘·
Shame on such wooers' dapper mercery!9····/˘/˘˘
I would my lover kneeling at my feet10···/˘/˘···
In humble manliness should cry, `O sweet!10·/˘/˘˘····
I know not if thy heart my heart will greet:10··········
I ask not if thy love my love can meet:10··········
Whate'er thy worshipful soft tongue shall say,10˘˘/·/˘····
I'll kiss thine answer, be it yea or nay:10···/˘·····
I do but know I love thee, and I pray10··········
To be thy knight until my dying day.'10·······/˘·
Woe him that cunning trades in hearts contrives!10···/˘···˘/
Base love good women to base loving drives.10···/˘··/˘·
If men loved larger, larger were our lives;10···/˘/˘·/·
And wooed they nobler, won they nobler wives."10···/˘··/˘·
There thrust the bold straightforward horn8····//˘·
To battle for that lady lorn,8·/˘··/˘·
With heartsome voice of mellow scorn,8·/˘··/˘·
Like any knight in knighthood's morn.8·/˘··/··
"Now comfort thee," said he,6·/˘···
"Fair Lady.3·/˘
For God shall right thy grievous wrong,8·····/˘·
And man shall sing thee a true-love song,9·········
Voiced in act his whole life long,7·······
Yea, all thy sweet life long,6······
Fair Lady.3·/˘
Where's he that craftily hath said,8···/˘˘··
The day of chivalry is dead?8···/˘˘··
I'll prove that lie upon his head,8········
Or I will die instead,6····˘/
Fair Lady.3·/˘
Is Honor gone into his grave?8·/˘·····
Hath Faith become a caitiff knave,8··˘/·/˘·
And Selfhood turned into a slave9·/˘·˘····
To work in Mammon's cave,6······
Fair Lady?3·/˘
Will Truth's long blade ne'er gleam again?8······˘/
Hath Giant Trade in dungeons slain8·/˘··/˘·
All great contempts of mean-got gain8··˘/····
And hates of inward stain,6···/˘·
Fair Lady?3·/˘
For aye shall name and fame be sold,8········
And place be hugged for the sake of gold,10····˘·····
And smirch-robed Justice feebly scold9···˘/˘/˘·
At Crime all money-bold,6···/˘·
Fair Lady?3·/˘
Shall self-wrapt husbands aye forget8···/˘·˘/
Kiss-pardons for the daily fret8·/˘··/˘·
Wherewith sweet wifely eyes are wet --8˘/·/˘···
Blind to lips kiss-wise set --6······
Fair Lady?3·/˘
Shall lovers higgle, heart for heart,8·/˘/˘···
Till wooing grows a trading mart8·/˘··/˘·
Where much for little, and all for part,9···/˘····
Make love a cheapening art,7···/˘˘·
Fair Lady?3·/˘
Shall woman scorch for a single sin9·/˘···/˘·
That her betrayer may revel in,9··˘/˘·/˘·
And she be burnt, and he but grin8········
When that the flames begin,6····˘/
Fair Lady?3·/˘
Shall ne'er prevail the woman's plea,8··˘/·/˘·
`We maids would far, far whiter be8·····/˘·
If that our eyes might sometimes see9··/˘··/··
Men maids in purity,'6···/˘˘
Fair Lady?3·/˘
Shall Trade aye salve his conscience-aches8·····/˘·
With jibes at Chivalry's old mistakes --9···/˘˘·˘/
The wars that o'erhot knighthood makes8·····/··
For Christ's and ladies' sakes,6···/··
Fair Lady?3·/˘
Now by each knight that e'er hath prayed9········˘
To fight like a man and love like a maid,10··········
Since Pembroke's life, as Pembroke's blade,8·/···/··
I' the scabbard, death, was laid,7··/˘···
Fair Lady,3·/˘
I dare avouch my faith is bright8··˘/····
That God doth right and God hath might.8········
Nor time hath changed His hair to white,9····˘····
Nor His dear love to spite,6······
Fair Lady.3·/˘
I doubt no doubts: I strive, and shrive my clay,10··········
And fight my fight in the patient modern way11······/˘/˘·
For true love and for thee -- ah me! and pray10··········
To be thy knight until my dying day,10·······/˘·
Fair Lady."3·/˘
Made end that knightly horn, and spurred away10···/˘···˘/
Into the thick of the melodious fray.10······˘/˘·
And then the hautboy played and smiled,10···/˘·˘··˘
And sang like any large-eyed child,8···/˘···
Cool-hearted and all undefiled.9·/˘·····˘
"Huge Trade!" he said,4····
"Would thou wouldst lift me on thy head8········
And run where'er my finger led!9··˘˘/·/˘·
Once said a Man -- and wise was He --8········
`Never shalt thou the heavens see,8/˘···/˘·
Save as a little child thou be.'"8···/˘···
Then o'er sea-lashings of commingling tunes10···/˘·˘/˘·
The ancient wise bassoons,6·/˘·˘/
Like weird2··
Gray-beard2··
Old harpers sitting on the high sea-dunes,10·/˘/˘·····
Chanted runes:3/˘·
"Bright-waved gain, gray-waved loss,6······
The sea of all doth lash and toss,8········
One wave forward and one across:8··/˘··˘/
But now 'twas trough, now 'tis crest,7·······
And worst doth foam and flash to best,8········
And curst to blest.4····
Life! Life! thou sea-fugue, writ from east to west,10··········
Love, Love alone can pore6··˘/··
On thy dissolving score6··˘/˘·
Of harsh half-phrasings,5···/˘
Blotted ere writ,4/˘··
And double erasings6·/˘˘/˘
Of chords most fit.4····
May read thy weltering palimpsest.9···/˘˘/˘˘
To follow Time's dying melodies through,10·/˘·/˘/˘˘·
And never to lose the old in the new,10·/˘·······
And ever to solve the discords true --9·/˘···/˘·
Love alone can do.5·˘/··
And ever Love hears the poor-folks' crying,10·/˘·····/˘
And ever Love hears the women's sighing,10·/˘···/˘/˘
And ever sweet knighthood's death-defying,10·/˘·/··˘/˘
And ever wise childhood's deep implying,10·/˘·/··˘/˘
But never a trader's glozing and lying.11·/˘·/˘···/˘
And yet shall Love himself be heard,8····˘/··
Though long deferred, though long deferred:10··˘/˘··˘/˘
O'er the modern waste a dove hath whirred:10··/˘·····˘
Music is Love in search of a word."9/˘·······

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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