Chapter IV

Sidney Lanier (1842–1881) · 1884

iambic pentameter · unrhymed · 93 lines · from Poems

Lord Raoul drew rein with all his company,And urged his horse i' the crowd, to gain fair viewOf him that spoke, and stopped at last, and satStill, underneath where Gris Grillon was laid,And heard, somewhile, with languid scornful gaze,The friar putting blame on priest and knight.But presently, as 'twere in weariness,He gazed about, and then above, and soMade mark of Gris Grillon."So, there, old man,Thou hast more brows than legs!""I would," quoth Gris,"That thou, upon a certain time I wot,Hadst had less legs and bigger brows, my Lord!"Then all the flatterers and their squires cried outSolicitous, with various voice, "Go to,Old Rogue," or "Shall I brain him, my good Lord?"Or, "So, let me but chuck him from his perch,"Or, "Slice his tongue to piece his leg withal,"Or, "Send his eyes to look for his missing arms."But my Lord Raoul was in the mood, to-day,Which craves suggestions simply with a viewTo flout them in the face, and so waved handBackward, and stayed the on-pressing sycophantsEager to buy rich praise with bravery cheap."I would know why," -- he said -- "thou wishedst meLess legs and bigger brows; and when?""Wouldst know?Learn then," cried Gris Grillon and stirred himself,In a great spasm of passion mixed with pain;"An thou hadst had more courage and less speed,Then, ah my God! then could not I have beenThat piteous gibe of a man thou see'st I am.Sir, having no disease, nor any taintNor old hereditament of sin or shame,-- But, feeling the brave bound and energyOf daring health that leaps along the veins --As a hart upon his river banks at morn,-- Sir, wild with the urgings and hot strenuous beatsOf manhood's heart in this full-sinewed breastWhich thou may'st even now discern is mine,-- Sir, full aware, each instant in each day,Of motions of great muscles, once were mine,And thrill of tense thew-knots, and stinging senseOf nerves, nice, capable and delicate:-- Sir, visited each hour by passions greatThat lack all instrument of utterance,Passion of love -- that hath no arm to curve;Passion of speed -- that hath no limb to stretch;Yea, even that poor feeling of desireSimply to turn me from this side to that,(Which brooded on, into wild passion growsBy reason of the impotence that broods)Balked of its end and unachievableWithout assistance of some foreign arm,-- Sir, moved and thrilled like any perfect man,O, trebly moved and thrilled, since poor desiresThat are of small import to happy menWho easily can compass them, to meBecome mere hopeless Heavens or actual Hells,-- Sir, strengthened so with manhood's seasoned soul,I lie in this damned cradle day and night,Still, still, so still, my Lord: less than a babeIn powers but more than any man in needs;Dreaming, with open eye, of days when menHave fallen cloven through steel and bone and fleshAt single strokes of this -- of that big armOnce wielded aught a mortal arm might wield,Waking a prey to any foolish gnatThat wills to conquer my defenceless browAnd sit thereon in triumph; hounded everBy small necessities of barest useWhich, since I cannot compass them alone,Do snarl my helplessness into mine ear,Howling behind me that I have no hands,And yelping round me that I have no feet:So that my heart is stretched by tiny illsThat are so much the larger that I knewIn bygone days how trifling small they were:-- Dungeoned in wicker, strong as 'twere in stone;-- Fast chained with nothing, firmer than with steel;-- Captive in limb, yet free in eye and ear,Sole tenant of this puny Hell in Heaven:-- And this -- all this -- because I was a man!For, in the battle -- ha, thou know'st, pale-face!When that the four great English horsemen boreSo bloodily on thee, I leapt to frontTo front of thee -- of thee -- and fought four blades,Thinking to win thee time to snatch thy breath,And, by a rearing fore-hoof stricken down,Mine eyes, through blood, my brain, through pain,-- Midst of a dim hot uproar fainting down --Were 'ware of thee, far rearward, fleeing! Hound!"

Words in this poem 28
spoke n.
The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, spaca; akin to D. speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. sq. root170. Cf. Spike a nail.]
gris n.
A costly kind of fur. [OF., fr. gris gray. Cf. G. grauwerk (lit. gray work) the gray skin of the Siberian squirrel. See Gris, a.]
somewhile adv.
Once; for a time.
presently adv.
At present; at this time; now.
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
quoth v. t.
Said; spoke; uttered; -- used only in the first and third persons in the past tenses, and always followed by its nominative, the word or words said being the object; as, quoth I. quoth he. [AS.cweedhan, imp cwæedh, pl. cwædon; akin to OS. queedhan, OHG. quethan, quedan, Icel. kveedha, Goth. qiþan. sq. root22. Cf. Bequeath.]
bigger a.
, compar. of Big.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
chuck v. i.
To make a noise resembling that of a hen when she calls her chickens; to cluck. [Imitative of the sound.]
withal adv.
With this; with that. [With + all.]
stayed a.
Staid; fixed; settled; sober; -- now written staid. See Staid.
hereditament n.
Any species of property that may be inherited; lands, tenements, anything corporeal or incorporeal, real, personal, or mixed, that may descend to an heir. Blackstone. [LL. hereditamentum. See Hereditable.]
morn n.
The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
strenuous a.
Eagerly pressing or urgent; zealous; ardent; earnest; bold; valiant; intrepid; as, a strenuous advocate for national rights; a strenuous reformer; a strenuous defender of his country.
sinewed a.
Furnished with sinews; as, a strong-sinewed youth.
impotence n.
The quality or condition of being impotent; want of strength or power, animal, intellectual, or moral; weakness; feebleness; inability; imbecility. [L. impotenia inability, poverty, want of moderation. See Impotent.]
trebly adv.
In a treble manner; with a threefold number or quantity; triply.
damned a.
Sentenced to punishment in a future state; condemned; consigned to perdition.
babe n.
An infant; a young child of either sex; a baby. [Cf. Ir. bab, baban, W. baban, maban.]
needs adv.
Of necessity; necessarily; indispensably; -- often with must, and equivalent to of need. [Orig. gen. of need, used as an adverb. Cf. - wards.]
aught n.
Property; possession. [AS. , fr. agan to own, p. p. ahte.]
wield v. t.
To govern; to rule; to keep, or have in charge; also, to possess. [OE. welden to govern, to have power over, to possess, AS. geweldan, gewyldan, from wealdan; akin to OS. waldan, OFries. walda, G. walten, OHG. waltan, Icel. val]
thereon adv.
On that or this. [AS. . See There, and On.]
bygone n.
Something gone by or past; a past event.
puny a.
Imperfectly developed in size or vigor; small and feeble; inferior; petty. [F. puîté younger, later born, OF. puisné; puis afterwards (L. post; see Post-) + né born, L. natus. See Natal, and cf. Puisne.]
bloodily adv.
In a bloody manner; cruelly; with a disposition to shed blood.
stricken p. p.
Struck; smitten; wounded; as, the stricken deer.
rearward n.
The last troop; the rear of an army; a rear guard. Also used figuratively. [Rear + ward.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Chapter IV is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poems of Sidney Lanier, Project Gutenberg ebook #579; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Sidney Lanier, Chapter IV, in Poems (1884), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #579, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/lanier-poems/chapter-iv.html, id L07672.

Form and metre

Chapter IV is 93 lines in a single verse paragraph. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 85%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.9 syllables. 9 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 36% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter, other poems in blank verse.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -------------------------------------------ABBA--------------------------------C--CC--------- company · view · sat · laid · gaze · knight · weariness · so · grillon · man · legs · gris · wot · lord · out · to · lord · perch · withal · arms · day · view · hand · sycophants · cheap · me · when · know · himself · pain · speed · been · am · taint · shame · energy · veins · morn · beats · breast · mine · day · mine · senseA · delicateB · greatB · utteranceA · curve · stretch · desire · that · grows · broods · unachievable · arm · man · desires · men · me · hells · soul · night · babe · needs · men · flesh · arm · wield · gnat · brow · ever · use · alone · ear · hands · feet · ills · knew · were · stoneC · steel · ear · heavenC · manC · face · bore · front · blades · breath · down · pain · down · hound
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Lord Raoul drew rein with all his company,11·˘/·····/˘˘
And urged his horse i' the crowd, to gain fair view11···········
Of him that spoke, and stopped at last, and sat10··········
Still, underneath where Gris Grillon was laid,10··˘/······
And heard, somewhile, with languid scornful gaze,10··/˘·/˘/˘·
The friar putting blame on priest and knight.10·/˘/˘·····
But presently, as 'twere in weariness,10·/˘˘···/˘˘
He gazed about, and then above, and so10··········
Made mark of Gris Grillon.6······
"So, there, old man,4····
Thou hast more brows than legs!"6······
"I would," quoth Gris,4····
"That thou, upon a certain time I wot,10·····/˘···
Hadst had less legs and bigger brows, my Lord!"10·····/˘···
Then all the flatterers and their squires cried out11········/··
Solicitous, with various voice, "Go to,10˘/˘˘·/˘···
Old Rogue," or "Shall I brain him, my good Lord?"10··········
Or, "So, let me but chuck him from his perch,"10··········
Or, "Slice his tongue to piece his leg withal,"10········˘/
Or, "Send his eyes to look for his missing arms."11········/˘·
But my Lord Raoul was in the mood, to-day,11···˘/······
Which craves suggestions simply with a view10··˘/˘/˘···
To flout them in the face, and so waved hand10··········
Backward, and stayed the on-pressing sycophants11/˘····/˘···
Eager to buy rich praise with bravery cheap.10/˘·····/˘·
"I would know why," -- he said -- "thou wishedst me10··········
Less legs and bigger brows; and when?"8···/˘···
"Wouldst know?2··
Learn then," cried Gris Grillon and stirred himself,10········˘/
In a great spasm of passion mixed with pain;11···/˘·/˘···
"An thou hadst had more courage and less speed,10·····/˘···
Then, ah my God! then could not I have been10··········
That piteous gibe of a man thou see'st I am.12·/˘˘········
Sir, having no disease, nor any taint10·/˘·˘/·/˘·
Nor old hereditament of sin or shame,11···········
-- But, feeling the brave bound and energy10·/˘····/˘˘
Of daring health that leaps along the veins --10·/˘···˘/··
As a hart upon his river banks at morn,11······/˘···
-- Sir, wild with the urgings and hot strenuous beats11····/˘··/˘·
Of manhood's heart in this full-sinewed breast10·/·····/˘·
Which thou may'st even now discern is mine,10···/˘·˘/··
-- Sir, full aware, each instant in each day,10··˘/·/˘···
Of motions of great muscles, once were mine,10·/˘··/˘···
And thrill of tense thew-knots, and stinging sense10·······/˘·
Of nerves, nice, capable and delicate:10···/˘˘·/˘˘
-- Sir, visited each hour by passions great10·/˘˘·/·/˘·
That lack all instrument of utterance,10···/˘˘·/˘˘
Passion of love -- that hath no arm to curve;10/˘········
Passion of speed -- that hath no limb to stretch;10/˘········
Yea, even that poor feeling of desire11·/˘··/˘·˘/˘
Simply to turn me from this side to that,10/˘········
(Which brooded on, into wild passion grows10·/˘····/˘·
By reason of the impotence that broods)10·/˘··/˘˘··
Balked of its end and unachievable10··········
Without assistance of some foreign arm,10··˘/˘··/˘·
-- Sir, moved and thrilled like any perfect man,10·····/˘/··
O, trebly moved and thrilled, since poor desires11·/˘·····˘/˘
That are of small import to happy men10····˘/·/˘·
Who easily can compass them, to me10·/˘˘·/˘···
Become mere hopeless Heavens or actual Hells,11˘/·/˘/˘·/˘·
-- Sir, strengthened so with manhood's seasoned soul,10·/˘··/·/˘·
I lie in this damned cradle day and night,10·····/˘···
Still, still, so still, my Lord: less than a babe10··········
In powers but more than any man in needs;10·/···/˘···
Dreaming, with open eye, of days when men10/˘·/˘·····
Have fallen cloven through steel and bone and flesh11·/˘/˘······
At single strokes of this -- of that big arm10·/˘·······
Once wielded aught a mortal arm might wield,10·/˘··/˘···
Waking a prey to any foolish gnat10/˘···/˘/˘·
That wills to conquer my defenceless brow11···/˘······
And sit thereon in triumph; hounded ever11··˘/·/˘/˘/˘
By small necessities of barest use10··˘/˘˘·/˘·
Which, since I cannot compass them alone,10···/˘/˘·˘/
Do snarl my helplessness into mine ear,10···/˘˘····
Howling behind me that I have no hands,10/˘········
And yelping round me that I have no feet:10·/˘·······
So that my heart is stretched by tiny ills10·······/˘·
That are so much the larger that I knew10·····/˘···
In bygone days how trifling small they were:10·/···/˘···
-- Dungeoned in wicker, strong as 'twere in stone;10/˘·/˘·····
-- Fast chained with nothing, firmer than with steel;10···/˘/˘···
-- Captive in limb, yet free in eye and ear,10/˘········
Sole tenant of this puny Hell in Heaven:11·/˘··/˘··/˘
-- And this -- all this -- because I was a man!10··········
For, in the battle -- ha, thou know'st, pale-face!10···/˘·····
When that the four great English horsemen bore10·····/˘/˘·
So bloodily on thee, I leapt to front10·/˘˘······
To front of thee -- of thee -- and fought four blades,10··········
Thinking to win thee time to snatch thy breath,10/˘········
And, by a rearing fore-hoof stricken down,10···/˘··/˘·
Mine eyes, through blood, my brain, through pain,8········
-- Midst of a dim hot uproar fainting down --10·····/·/˘·
Were 'ware of thee, far rearward, fleeing! Hound!"10·····/˘/˘·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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