Hyperion, Book I
Deep in the shady sadness of a valeFar sunken from the healthy breath of morn,Far from the fiery noon, and eve's one star,Sat gray-hair'd Saturn, quiet as a stone,Still as the silence round about his lair;Forest on forest hung about his headLike cloud on cloud. No stir of air was there,Not so much life as on a summer's dayRobs not one light seed from the feather'd grass,But where the dead leaf fell, there did it rest.A stream went voiceless by, still deadened moreBy reason of his fallen divinitySpreading a shade: the Naiad 'mid her reedsPress'd her cold finger closer to her lips.
Along the margin-sand large foot-marks went,No further than to where his feet had stray'd,And slept there since. Upon the sodden groundHis old right hand lay nerveless, listless, dead,Unsceptred; and his realmless eyes were closed;While his bow'd head seem'd list'ning to the Earth,His ancient mother, for some comfort yet.
It seem'd no force could wake him from his place;But there came one, who with a kindred handTouch'd his wide shoulders, after bending lowWith reverence, though to one who knew it not.She was a Goddess of the infant world;By her in stature the tall AmazonHad stood a pigmy's height: she would have ta'enAchilles by the hair and bent his neck;Or with a finger stay'd Ixion's wheel.Her face was large as that of Memphian sphinx,Pedestal'd haply in a palace court,When sages look'd to Egypt for their lore.But oh! how unlike marble was that face:How beautiful, if sorrow had not madeSorrow more beautiful than Beauty's self.There was a listening fear in her regard,As if calamity had but begun;As if the vanward clouds of evil daysHad spent their malice, and the sullen rearWas with its stored thunder labouring up.One hand she press'd upon that aching spotWhere beats the human heart, as if just there,Though an immortal, she felt cruel pain:The other upon Saturn's bended neckShe laid, and to the level of his earLeaning with parted lips, some words she spakeIn solemn tenour and deep organ tone:Some mourning words, which in our feeble tongueWould come in these like accents; O how frailTo that large utterance of the early Gods!"Saturn, look up!--though wherefore, poor old King?I have no comfort for thee, no not one:I cannot say, 'O wherefore sleepest thou?'For heaven is parted from thee, and the earthKnows thee not, thus afflicted, for a God;And ocean too, with all its solemn noise,Has from thy sceptre pass'd; and all the airIs emptied of thine hoary majesty.Thy thunder, conscious of the new command,Rumbles reluctant o'er our fallen house;And thy sharp lightning in unpractised handsScorches and burns our once serene domain.O aching time! O moments big as years!All as ye pass swell out the monstrous truth,And press it so upon our weary griefsThat unbelief has not a space to breathe.Saturn, sleep on:--O thoughtless, why did IThus violate thy slumbrous solitude?Why should I ope thy melancholy eyes?Saturn, sleep on! while at thy feet I weep."
As when, upon a tranced summer-night,Those green-rob'd senators of mighty woods,Tall oaks, branch-charmed by the earnest stars,Dream, and so dream all night without a stir,Save from one gradual solitary gustWhich comes upon the silence, and dies off,As if the ebbing air had but one wave;So came these words and went; the while in tearsShe touch'd her fair large forehead to the ground,Just where her falling hair might be outspreadA soft and silken mat for Saturn's feet.One moon, with alteration slow, had shedHer silver seasons four upon the night,And still these two were postured motionless,Like natural sculpture in cathedral cavern;The frozen God still couchant on the earth,And the sad Goddess weeping at his feet:Until at length old Saturn lifted upHis faded eyes, and saw his kingdom gone,And all the gloom and sorrow of the place,And that fair kneeling Goddess; and then spake,As with a palsied tongue, and while his beardShook horrid with such aspen-malady:"O tender spouse of gold Hyperion,Thea, I feel thee ere I see thy face;Look up, and let me see our doom in it;Look up, and tell me if this feeble shapeIs Saturn's; tell me, if thou hear'st the voiceOf Saturn; tell me, if this wrinkling brow,Naked and bare of its great diadem,Peers like the front of Saturn. Who had powerTo make me desolate? whence came the strength?How was it nurtur'd to such bursting forth,While Fate seem'd strangled in my nervous grasp?But it is so; and I am smother'd up,And buried from all godlike exerciseOf influence benign on planets pale,Of admonitions to the winds and seas,Of peaceful sway above man's harvesting,And all those acts which Deity supremeDoth ease its heart of love in.--I am goneAway from my own bosom: I have leftMy strong identity, my real self,Somewhere between the throne, and where I sitHere on this spot of earth. Search, Thea, search!Open thine eyes eterne, and sphere them roundUpon all space: space starr'd, and lorn of light;Space region'd with life-air; and barren void;Spaces of fire, and all the yawn of hell.--Search, Thea, search! and tell me, if thou seestA certain shape or shadow, making wayWith wings or chariot fierce to repossessA heaven he lost erewhile: it must--it mustBe of ripe progress--Saturn must be King.Yes, there must be a golden victory;There must be Gods thrown down, and trumpets blownOf triumph calm, and hymns of festivalUpon the gold clouds metropolitan,Voices of soft proclaim, and silver stirOf strings in hollow shells; and there shall beBeautiful things made new, for the surpriseOf the sky-children; I will give command:Thea! Thea! Thea! where is Saturn?"
This passion lifted him upon his feet,And made his hands to struggle in the air,His Druid locks to shake and ooze with sweat,His eyes to fever out, his voice to cease.He stood, and heard not Thea's sobbing deep;A little time, and then again he snatch'dUtterance thus.--"But cannot I create?Cannot I form? Cannot I fashion forthAnother world, another universe,To overbear and crumble this to nought?Where is another chaos? Where?"--That wordFound way unto Olympus, and made quakeThe rebel three.--Thea was startled up,And in her bearing was a sort of hope,As thus she quick-voic'd spake, yet full of awe.
"This cheers our fallen house: come to our friends,O Saturn! come away, and give them heart;I know the covert, for thence came I hither."Thus brief; then with beseeching eyes she wentWith backward footing through the shade a space:He follow'd, and she turn'd to lead the wayThrough aged boughs, that yielded like the mistWhich eagles cleave upmounting from their nest.
Meanwhile in other realms big tears were shed,More sorrow like to this, and such like woe,Too huge for mortal tongue or pen of scribe:The Titans fierce, self-hid, or prison-bound,Groan'd for the old allegiance once more,And listen'd in sharp pain for Saturn's voice.But one of the whole mammoth-brood still keptHis sov'reignty, and rule, and majesty;--Blazing Hyperion on his orbed fireStill sat, still snuff'd the incense, teeming upFrom man to the sun's God; yet unsecure:For as among us mortals omens drearFright and perplex, so also shuddered he--Not at dog's howl, or gloom-bird's hated screech,Or the familiar visiting of oneUpon the first toll of his passing-bell,Or prophesyings of the midnight lamp;But horrors, portion'd to a giant nerve,Oft made Hyperion ache. His palace brightBastion'd with pyramids of glowing gold,And touch'd with shade of bronzed obelisks,Glar'd a blood-red through all its thousand courts,Arches, and domes, and fiery galleries;And all its curtains of Aurorian cloudsFlush'd angerly: while sometimes eagle's wings,Unseen before by Gods or wondering men,Darken'd the place; and neighing steeds were heard,Not heard before by Gods or wondering men.Also, when he would taste the spicy wreathsOf incense, breath'd aloft from sacred hills,Instead of sweets, his ample palate tookSavour of poisonous brass and metal sick:And so, when harbour'd in the sleepy west,After the full completion of fair day,--For rest divine upon exalted couchAnd slumber in the arms of melody,He pac'd away the pleasant hours of easeWith stride colossal, on from hall to hall;While far within each aisle and deep recess,His winged minions in close clusters stood,Amaz'd and full of fear; like anxious menWho on wide plains gather in panting troops,When earthquakes jar their battlements and towers.Even now, while Saturn, rous'd from icy trance,Went step for step with Thea through the woods,Hyperion, leaving twilight in the rear,Came slope upon the threshold of the west;Then, as was wont, his palace-door flew opeIn smoothest silence, save what solemn tubes,Blown by the serious Zephyrs, gave of sweetAnd wandering sounds, slow-breathed melodies;And like a rose in vermeil tint and shape,In fragrance soft, and coolness to the eye,That inlet to severe magnificenceStood full blown, for the God to enter in.
He enter'd, but he enter'd full of wrath;His flaming robes stream'd out beyond his heels,And gave a roar, as if of earthly fire,That scar'd away the meek ethereal HoursAnd made their dove-wings tremble. On he flared,From stately nave to nave, from vault to vault,Through bowers of fragrant and enwreathed light,And diamond-paved lustrous long arcades,Until he reach'd the great main cupola;There standing fierce beneath, he stampt his foot,And from the basements deep to the high towersJarr'd his own golden region; and beforeThe quavering thunder thereupon had ceas'd,His voice leapt out, despite of godlike curb,To this result: "O dreams of day and night!O monstrous forms! O effigies of pain!O spectres busy in a cold, cold gloom!O lank-eared Phantoms of black-weeded pools!Why do I know ye? why have I seen ye? whyIs my eternal essence thus distraughtTo see and to behold these horrors new?Saturn is fallen, am I too to fall?Am I to leave this haven of my rest,This cradle of my glory, this soft clime,This calm luxuriance of blissful light,These crystalline pavilions, and pure fanes,Of all my lucent empire? It is leftDeserted, void, nor any haunt of mine.The blaze, the splendor, and the symmetry,I cannot see--but darkness, death and darkness.Even here, into my centre of repose,The shady visions come to domineer,Insult, and blind, and stifle up my pomp.--Fall!--No, by Tellus and her briny robes!Over the fiery frontier of my realmsI will advance a terrible right armShall scare that infant thunderer, rebel Jove,And bid old Saturn take his throne again."--He spake, and ceas'd, the while a heavier threatHeld struggle with his throat but came not forth;For as in theatres of crowded menHubbub increases more they call out "Hush!"So at Hyperion's words the Phantoms paleBestirr'd themselves, thrice horrible and cold;And from the mirror'd level where he stoodA mist arose, as from a scummy marsh.At this, through all his bulk an agonyCrept gradual, from the feet unto the crown,Like a lithe serpent vast and muscularMaking slow way, with head and neck convuls'dFrom over-strained might. Releas'd, he fledTo the eastern gates, and full six dewy hoursBefore the dawn in season due should blush,He breath'd fierce breath against the sleepy portals,Clear'd them of heavy vapours, burst them wideSuddenly on the ocean's chilly streams.The planet orb of fire, whereon he rodeEach day from east to west the heavens through,Spun round in sable curtaining of clouds;Not therefore veiled quite, blindfold, and hid,But ever and anon the glancing spheres,Circles, and arcs, and broad-belting colure,Glow'd through, and wrought upon the muffling darkSweet-shaped lightnings from the nadir deepUp to the zenith,--hieroglyphics old,Which sages and keen-eyed astrologersThen living on the earth, with labouring thoughtWon from the gaze of many centuries:Now lost, save what we find on remnants hugeOf stone, or marble swart; their import gone,Their wisdom long since fled.--Two wings this orbPossess'd for glory, two fair argent wings,Ever exalted at the God's approach:And now, from forth the gloom their plumes immenseRose, one by one, till all outspreaded were;While still the dazzling globe maintain'd eclipse,Awaiting for Hyperion's command.Fain would he have commanded, fain took throneAnd bid the day begin, if but for change.He might not:--No, though a primeval God:The sacred seasons might not be disturb'd.Therefore the operations of the dawnStay'd in their birth, even as here 'tis told.Those silver wings expanded sisterly,Eager to sail their orb; the porches wideOpen'd upon the dusk demesnes of nightAnd the bright Titan, phrenzied with new woes,Unus'd to bend, by hard compulsion bentHis spirit to the sorrow of the time;And all along a dismal rack of clouds,Upon the boundaries of day and night,He stretch'd himself in grief and radiance faint.There as he lay, the Heaven with its starsLook'd down on him with pity, and the voiceOf Coelus, from the universal space,Thus whisper'd low and solemn in his ear."O brightest of my children dear, earth-bornAnd sky-engendered, Son of MysteriesAll unrevealed even to the powersWhich met at thy creating; at whose joysAnd palpitations sweet, and pleasures soft,I, Coelus, wonder, how they came and whence;And at the fruits thereof what shapes they be,Distinct, and visible; symbols divine,Manifestations of that beauteous lifeDiffus'd unseen throughout eternal space:Of these new-form'd art thou, oh brightest child!Of these, thy brethren and the Goddesses!There is sad feud among ye, and rebellionOf son against his sire. I saw him fall,I saw my first-born tumbled from his throne!To me his arms were spread, to me his voiceFound way from forth the thunders round his head!Pale wox I, and in vapours hid my face.Art thou, too, near such doom? vague fear there is:For I have seen my sons most unlike Gods.Divine ye were created, and divineIn sad demeanour, solemn, undisturb'd,Unruffled, like high Gods, ye liv'd and ruled:Now I behold in you fear, hope, and wrath;Actions of rage and passion; even asI see them, on the mortal world beneath,In men who die.--This is the grief, O Son!Sad sign of ruin, sudden dismay, and fall!Yet do thou strive; as thou art capable,As thou canst move about, an evident God;And canst oppose to each malignant hourEthereal presence:--I am but a voice;My life is but the life of winds and tides,No more than winds and tides can I avail:--But thou canst.--Be thou therefore in the vanOf circumstance; yea, seize the arrow's barbBefore the tense string murmur.--To the earth!For there thou wilt find Saturn, and his woes.Meantime I will keep watch on thy bright sun,And of thy seasons be a careful nurse."--Ere half this region-whisper had come down,Hyperion arose, and on the starsLifted his curved lids, and kept them wideUntil it ceas'd; and still he kept them wide:And still they were the same bright, patient stars.Then with a slow incline of his broad breast,Like to a diver in the pearly seas,Forward he stoop'd over the airy shore,And plung'd all noiseless into the deep night.
Words in this poem 86
- sadness n.
- Heaviness; firmness.
- vale n.
- A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. [OE. val, F. val, L. vallis; perhaps akin to Gr. Avalanche, Vail to lower, Valley.]
- morn n.
- The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
- lair n.
- A place in which to lie or rest; especially, the bed or couch of a wild beast. [OE. leir, AS. leger; akin to D. leger, G. lager couch, lair, OHG. laga, Goth. ligrs, and to E. lie. See Lie to be prostrate, and cf. Layer, Leaguer.]
- went n.
- Course; way; path; journey; direction.
- voiceless a.
- Having no voice, utterance, or vote; silent; mute; dumb.
- naiad n.
- A water nymph; one of the lower female divinities, fabled to preside over some body of fresh water, as a lake, river, brook, or fountain. [L. naias, -adis, naïs, -idis, a water nymph, Gr naïade. Cf. Naid.]
- closer n.
- One who, or that which, closes; specifically, a boot closer. See under Boot.
- nerveless a.
- Destitute of nerves.
- listless a.
- Having no desire or inclination; indifferent; heedless; spiritless. [OE. listles, lustles. See Lust.]
- unsceptred a.
- Etym: [Pref. un- not + sceptered.]
- realmless a.
- Destitute of a realm. Keats.
- memphian a.
- Of or pertaining to the ancient city of Memphis in Egypt; hence, Egyptian; as, Memphian darkness.
- haply adv.
- By hap, chance, luck, or accident; perhaps; it may be.
- vanward a.
- Being on, or towards, the van, or front.
- sullen a.
- Lonely; solitary; desolate. Wyclif (Job iii. 14). [OE. solein, solain, lonely, sullen; through Old French fr. (assumed) LL. solanus solitary, fr. L. solus alone. See Sole, a.]
- labouring a.
- That labors; performing labor; esp., performing coarse, heavy work, not requiring skill also, set apart for labor; as, laboring days.
- aching a.
- That aches; continuously painful. See Ache.
- tenour n.
- A state of holding on in a continuous course; manner of continuity; constant mode; general tendency; course; career. [L., from tenere to hold; hence, properly, a holding on in a continued course: cf. F. teneur. See Tenable, and cf. Tenor a kind of voice.]
- wherefore adv.
- For which reason; so; -- used relatively. [Where + for.]
- sceptre n.
- A staff or baton borne by a sovereign, as a ceremonial badge or emblem of authority; a royal mace. [F. sceptre, L. sceptrum, from Gr. shaft. See Shaft, and cf. Scape a stem, shaft.]
- hoary a.
- White or whitish."The hoary willows."
- unbelief n.
- The withholding of belief; doubt; incredulity; skepticism. [Pref. un- not + belief: cf. AS. ungeleáfa.]
- slumbrous a.
- Slumberous. Keats.
- outspread v. t.
- To spread out; to expand; -- usually as a past part. or adj.
- couchant a.
- Lying down with head erect; squatting. [F., p. pr. of coucher. See Couch, v. t.]
- palsied a.
- Affected with palsy; paralyzed.
- shook v. t.
- To pack, as staves, in a shook.
- horrid a.
- Rough; rugged; bristling. [L. horridus. See Horror, and cf. Ordure.]
- malady n.
- Any disease of the human body; a distemper, disorder, or indisposition, proceeding from impaired, defective, or morbid organic functions; especially, a lingering or deep-seated disorder. [F. maladie, fr. malade ill, sick, OF. also, malabde, fr. L. male habitus, i. e., ill-kept, not in good condition. See Malice, and Habit.]
- spouse v. t.
- To wed; to espouse. [See Espouse, and Spouse, n.]
- hyperion n.
- The god of the sun; in the later mythology identified with Apollo, and distinguished for his beauty.
- thea n.
- A genus of plants found in China and Japan; the tea plant. [NL. See Tea.]
- somewhere adv.
- In some place unknown or not specified; in one place or another.
- lorn a.
- Lost; undone; ruined. [Strong p. p. of Lose. See Lose, Forlorn.]
- repossess v. t.
- To possess again; as, to repossess the land. Pope. To repossess one's self of (something), to acquire again (something lost).
- erewhile adv.
- Some time ago; a little while before; heretofore.
- trumpets n.
- A plant (Sarracenia flava) with long, hollow leaves.
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- druid n.
- One of an order of priests which in ancient times existed among certain branches of the Celtic race, especially among the Gauls and Britons. [L. Druides; of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. draoi, druidh, magician, Druid, W. derwydd Druid.]
- sobbing n.
- A series of short, convulsive inspirations, the glottis being suddenly closed so that little or no air enters into the lungs.
- overbear v. t.
- To bear down or carry down, as by excess of weight, power, force, etc.; to overcome; to suppress.
- chaos n.
- An empty, immeasurable space; a yawning chasm. [L. chaos chaos (in senses 1 & 2), Gr. Chasm.]
- rebel a.
- Pertaining to rebels or rebellion; acting in revolt; rebellious; as, rebel troops. [F. rebelle, fr. L. rebellis. See Rebel, v. t.]
- meanwhile n.
- The intervening time; as, in the meantime (or mean time).
- scribe n.
- One who writes; a draughtsman; a writer for another; especially, an offical or public writer; an amanuensis or secretary; a notary; a copyist. [L. scriba, fr. scribere to write; cf. Gr. scarify. Cf. Ascribe, Describe, Script, Scrivener, Scrutoire.]
- orbed a.
- Having the form of an orb; round.
- teeming a.
- Prolific; productive.
- drear n.
- Sadness; dismalness.
- ache n.
- A name given to several species of plants; as, smallage, wild celery, parsley. Holland. [F. ache, L. apium parsley.]
- unseen a.
- Not seen or discovered.
- savour v. t.
- To perceive by the smell or the taste; hence, to perceive; to note. B. Jonson.
- stride v. t.
- To walk with long steps, especially in a measured or pompous manner. [AS. stridan to stride, to strive; akin to LG. striden, OFries. strida to strive, D. strijden to strive, to contend, G. streiten, OHG. stritan; of uncertain orig]
- colossal a.
- Of enormous size; gigantic; huge; as, a colossal statue. [Cf. F. cossal, L. colosseus. See Colossus.]
- vermeil n.
- Vermilion; also, the color of vermilion, a bright, beautiful red. [F., vermilion, fr. LL. vermiculus, fr. L. vermiculus a little worm, the coccus Indicus, from vermis a worm. See Worm, and cf. Vermicule.]
- magnificence n.
- The act of doing what magnificent; the state or quality of being magnificent. Acts xix. 27. [F. magnificence, L. magnificentia. See Magnific.]
- cupola n.
- A roof having a rounded form, hemispherical or nearly so; also, a celing having the same form. When on a large scale it is usually called dome. [It. cupola, LL. cupula, cuppula (cf. L. cupula little tub). fr. cupa, cuppa, cup; cf. L. cupa tub. So called on account of its resemblance to a cup turned over.]
- thereupon adv.
- Upon that or this; thereon.
- distraught p. p.
- Torn asunder; separated. [OE. distract, distrauht. See Distract, a.]
- clime n.
- A climate; a tract or region of the earth. See Climate. [L. clima. See Climate.]
- luxuriance n.
- The state or quality of being luxuriant; rank, vigorous growth; excessive abundance produced by rank growth. [Cf. F. luxuriance.]
- blissful a.
- Full of, characterized by, or causing, joy and felicity; happy in the highest degree.
- lucent a.
- Shining; bright; resplendent. [L. lucens, p. pr. of lucere to shine, fr. lux, lucis, light.]
- centre v. i.
- To be placed in a center; to be central.
- briny a.
- Of or pertaining to brine, or to the sea; partaking of the nature of brine; salt; as, a briny taste; the briny flood. [From Brine.]
- scare v. t.
- To frighten; to strike with sudden fear; to alarm. [OE. skerren, skeren, Icel. skirra to bar, prevent, skirrask to shun , shrink from; or fr. OE. skerre, adj., scared, Icel. skjarr; both perhaps akin to E. sheer ]
- thunderer n.
- One who thunders; -- used especially as a translation of L.
- jove n.
- The chief divinity of the ancient Romans; Jupiter. [L. Jupiter, gen. Jovis, OL. Jovis, nom. & gen. for Djovis; akin to E. Tuesday. See Tuesday, and cf. Jupiter.]
- hubbub n.
- A loud noise of many confused voices; a tumult; uproar. [Cf. Whoobub, Whoop, Hoop, v. i.]
- scummy a.
- Covered with scum; of the nature of scum. Sir P. Sidney.
- lithe v. i.
- To listen or listen to; to hearken to. P. Plowman. [Icel Listen.]
- whereon adv.
- On which; -- used relatively; as, the earth whereon we live.
- rode n.
- Redness; complexion. [See Rud.]
- sable n.
- A carnivorous animal of the Weasel family (Mustela zibellina) native of the northern latitudes of Europe, Asia, and America, -- noted for its fine, soft, and valuable fur. [OF. sable, F. zibeline sable (in sense 4), LL. sabellum; cf. D. sabel, Dan. sabel, zobel, Sw. sabel, sobel, G. zobel; all fr. Russ. sóbole.]
- veiled a.
- Covered by, or as by, a veil; hidden.
- blindfold v. t.
- To cover the eyes of, as with a bandage; to hinder from seeing. [OE. blindfolden, blindfelden, blindfellen; AS. blind blind + prob. fellan, fyllan, to fell, strike down.]
- anon adv.
- Straightway; at once. [OE. anoon, anon, anan, lit., in one (moment), fr. AS. on in + an one. See On and One.]
- glancing a.
- Shooting, as light.
- nadir n.
- That point of the heavens, or lower hemisphere, directly opposite the zenith; the inferior pole of the horizon; the point of the celestial sphere directly under the place where we stand. [F., Sp., & It. nadir; all fr. Ar. nasiru's samt nadir, prop., the point opposite the zenith (as samt), in which nasir means alike, corresponding to. Cf. Azimuth]
- argent n.
- Silver, or money. [F. argent, fr. L. argentum, silver; akin to Gr. rajata white, silver, raj to shine, Ir. arg white, milk, airgiod silver, money, and L. arguere to make clear. Se]
- fain v. t.
- To be glad ; to wish or desire.
- dismal a.
- Fatal; ill-omened; unlucky. [Formerly a noun; e. g., "I trow it was in the dismalle." Chaucer. Of uncertain origin; but perh. (as suggested by Skeat) from OF. disme, F. dîme, tithe, the phr]
- beauteous a.
- Full of beauty; beautiful; very handsome. [Mostly poetic] -- Beau"te*ous*ly, adv. --
- sire n.
- A lord, master, or other person in authority. See Sir. [F. sire, originally, an older person. See Sir.]
- demeanour n.
- Management; treatment; conduct. [For demeanure, fr. demean. See Demean, v. t.]
- unruffled a.
- Not ruffled or agitated; smooth; calm; tranquil; quiet. [Pref. un- not + ruffled.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Hyperion, Book I is in the public domain. This text is taken from Keats: Poems Published in 1820 (Clarendon Press, 1909, ed. M. Robertson), Project Gutenberg ebook #23684; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: John Keats, Hyperion, Book I, in Lamia, Isabella, The Eve of St. Agnes, and Other Poems (1820), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #23684, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/keats-1820/hyperion-book-i.html, id L00193.
Form and metre
Hyperion, Book I is 357 lines in 8 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 86%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.0 syllables. 37 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 33% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in iambic pentameter, other poems in blank verse.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 ----A-A------- vale · morn · star · stone · lairA · head · thereA · day · grass · rest · more · divinity · reeds · lips
- 3 ------------------A--A--A------------------------- place · hand · low · not · world · amazon · ta'en · neck · wheel · sphinx · court · lore · face · made · self · regard · begun · days · rearA · up · spot · thereA · pain · neck · earA · spake · tone · tongue · frail · gods · king · one · thou · earth · god · noise · air · majesty · command · house · hands · domain · years · truth · griefs · breathe · i · solitude · eyes · weep
- 4 ---------A-A--B---B------------------------------C--C--D-D----- night · woods · stars · stir · gust · off · wave · tears · ground · outspreadA · feet · shedA · night · motionless · cavernB · earth · feet · up · goneB · place · spake · beard · malady · hyperion · face · it · shape · voice · brow · diadem · power · strength · forth · grasp · up · exercise · pale · seas · harvesting · supreme · gone · left · self · sit · search · round · light · void · hell · seestC · way · repossess · mustC · king · victory · blownD · festival · metropolitanD · stir · be · surprise · command · saturn
- 8 -------------------------------------A--A--------------------------------------------------------BBB--------C-C------------DD-------------------- wrath · heels · fire · hours · flared · vault · light · arcades · cupola · foot · towers · before · ceas'd · curb · night · pain · gloom · pools · why · distraught · new · fall · rest · clime · light · fanes · left · mine · symmetry · darkness · repose · domineer · pomp · robes · realms · arm · jove · againA · threat · forth · menA · hush · pale · cold · stood · marsh · agony · crown · muscular · convuls'd · fled · hours · blush · portals · wide · streams · rode · through · clouds · hid · spheres · colure · dark · deep · old · astrologers · thought · centuries · huge · gone · orb · wings · approach · immense · were · eclipse · command · throne · change · god · disturb'd · dawn · told · sisterly · wide · night · woes · bent · time · clouds · night · faint · stars · voice · space · ear · born · mysteriesB · powersB · joysB · soft · whence · be · divine · life · space · child · goddesses · rebellionC · fall · throneC · voice · head · face · is · gods · divine · undisturb'd · ruled · wrath · as · beneath · son · fallD · capableD · god · hour · voice · tides · avail · van · barb · earth · woes · sun · nurse · down · stars · wide · wide · stars · breast · seas · shore · night
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Deep in the shady sadness of a vale | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Far sunken from the healthy breath of morn, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Far from the fiery noon, and eve's one star, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Sat gray-hair'd Saturn, quiet as a stone, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Still as the silence round about his lair; | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Forest on forest hung about his head | 10 | /˘·/˘····· |
| Like cloud on cloud. No stir of air was there, | 10 | ·········· |
| Not so much life as on a summer's day | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Robs not one light seed from the feather'd grass, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| But where the dead leaf fell, there did it rest. | 10 | ·········· |
| A stream went voiceless by, still deadened more | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| By reason of his fallen divinity | 11 | ·/˘··/˘˘/˘˘ |
| Spreading a shade: the Naiad 'mid her reeds | 10 | /˘···/˘··· |
| Press'd her cold finger closer to her lips. | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Along the margin-sand large foot-marks went, | 10 | ˘/·/˘····· |
| No further than to where his feet had stray'd, | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| And slept there since. Upon the sodden ground | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| His old right hand lay nerveless, listless, dead, | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| Unsceptred; and his realmless eyes were closed; | 10 | ··˘··/˘··· |
| While his bow'd head seem'd list'ning to the Earth, | 10 | ·········· |
| His ancient mother, for some comfort yet. | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| It seem'd no force could wake him from his place; | 10 | ·········· |
| But there came one, who with a kindred hand | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Touch'd his wide shoulders, after bending low | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| With reverence, though to one who knew it not. | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| She was a Goddess of the infant world; | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| By her in stature the tall Amazon | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Had stood a pigmy's height: she would have ta'en | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Achilles by the hair and bent his neck; | 10 | ˘/˘······· |
| Or with a finger stay'd Ixion's wheel. | 10 | ···/˘·˘/˘· |
| Her face was large as that of Memphian sphinx, | 11 | ·······/˘˘· |
| Pedestal'd haply in a palace court, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| When sages look'd to Egypt for their lore. | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| But oh! how unlike marble was that face: | 10 | ···˘//˘··· |
| How beautiful, if sorrow had not made | 10 | ·/˘˘·/˘··· |
| Sorrow more beautiful than Beauty's self. | 10 | /˘·/˘˘·/˘· |
| There was a listening fear in her regard, | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| As if calamity had but begun; | 10 | ··˘/˘˘··˘/ |
| As if the vanward clouds of evil days | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Had spent their malice, and the sullen rear | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Was with its stored thunder labouring up. | 10 | ····/˘/˘˘· |
| One hand she press'd upon that aching spot | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Where beats the human heart, as if just there, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Though an immortal, she felt cruel pain: | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘· |
| The other upon Saturn's bended neck | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/˘· |
| She laid, and to the level of his ear | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Leaning with parted lips, some words she spake | 10 | /˘·/˘····· |
| In solemn tenour and deep organ tone: | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| Some mourning words, which in our feeble tongue | 10 | ·/˘···//˘· |
| Would come in these like accents; O how frail | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| To that large utterance of the early Gods! | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| "Saturn, look up!--though wherefore, poor old King? | 10 | /˘···/˘··· |
| I have no comfort for thee, no not one: | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| I cannot say, 'O wherefore sleepest thou?' | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/˘· |
| For heaven is parted from thee, and the earth | 10 | ·/·/˘····· |
| Knows thee not, thus afflicted, for a God; | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| And ocean too, with all its solemn noise, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Has from thy sceptre pass'd; and all the air | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Is emptied of thine hoary majesty. | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/˘˘ |
| Thy thunder, conscious of the new command, | 10 | ·/˘/˘···˘/ |
| Rumbles reluctant o'er our fallen house; | 10 | /˘˘/˘·//˘· |
| And thy sharp lightning in unpractised hands | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Scorches and burns our once serene domain. | 10 | /˘··/·˘/˘/ |
| O aching time! O moments big as years! | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| All as ye pass swell out the monstrous truth, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| And press it so upon our weary griefs | 10 | ······//˘· |
| That unbelief has not a space to breathe. | 10 | ·········· |
| Saturn, sleep on:--O thoughtless, why did I | 10 | /˘···/˘··· |
| Thus violate thy slumbrous solitude? | 10 | ·/˘˘·/˘/˘· |
| Why should I ope thy melancholy eyes? | 10 | ·····/˘·˘· |
| Saturn, sleep on! while at thy feet I weep." | 10 | /˘········ |
| As when, upon a tranced summer-night, | 10 | ······˘/˘· |
| Those green-rob'd senators of mighty woods, | 10 | ···/˘˘·/˘· |
| Tall oaks, branch-charmed by the earnest stars, | 10 | ····˘··/˘· |
| Dream, and so dream all night without a stir, | 10 | ·········· |
| Save from one gradual solitary gust | 10 | ···/˘/˘·˘· |
| Which comes upon the silence, and dies off, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| As if the ebbing air had but one wave; | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| So came these words and went; the while in tears | 10 | ·········· |
| She touch'd her fair large forehead to the ground, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Just where her falling hair might be outspread | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| A soft and silken mat for Saturn's feet. | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| One moon, with alteration slow, had shed | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| Her silver seasons four upon the night, | 10 | ·/˘/˘····· |
| And still these two were postured motionless, | 10 | ·····/˘/˘˘ |
| Like natural sculpture in cathedral cavern; | 11 | ·/˘/˘·˘/˘/˘ |
| The frozen God still couchant on the earth, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| And the sad Goddess weeping at his feet: | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Until at length old Saturn lifted up | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| His faded eyes, and saw his kingdom gone, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| And all the gloom and sorrow of the place, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| And that fair kneeling Goddess; and then spake, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| As with a palsied tongue, and while his beard | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Shook horrid with such aspen-malady: | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/˘˘ |
| "O tender spouse of gold Hyperion, | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘˘ |
| Thea, I feel thee ere I see thy face; | 10 | /˘········ |
| Look up, and let me see our doom in it; | 10 | ······/··· |
| Look up, and tell me if this feeble shape | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Is Saturn's; tell me, if thou hear'st the voice | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Of Saturn; tell me, if this wrinkling brow, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Naked and bare of its great diadem, | 10 | /˘·····/˘· |
| Peers like the front of Saturn. Who had power | 11 | ·····/˘··/˘ |
| To make me desolate? whence came the strength? | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| How was it nurtur'd to such bursting forth, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| While Fate seem'd strangled in my nervous grasp? | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| But it is so; and I am smother'd up, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| And buried from all godlike exercise | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/˘· |
| Of influence benign on planets pale, | 10 | ·/˘˘˘/·/˘· |
| Of admonitions to the winds and seas, | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| Of peaceful sway above man's harvesting, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘˘ |
| And all those acts which Deity supreme | 10 | ·····/˘˘˘/ |
| Doth ease its heart of love in.--I am gone | 10 | ·········· |
| Away from my own bosom: I have left | 10 | ˘/···/˘··· |
| My strong identity, my real self, | 9 | ··˘/˘˘··· |
| Somewhere between the throne, and where I sit | 10 | /········· |
| Here on this spot of earth. Search, Thea, search! | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Open thine eyes eterne, and sphere them round | 10 | /˘··˘/···· |
| Upon all space: space starr'd, and lorn of light; | 10 | ·········· |
| Space region'd with life-air; and barren void; | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Spaces of fire, and all the yawn of hell.-- | 10 | /˘·/······ |
| Search, Thea, search! and tell me, if thou seest | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| A certain shape or shadow, making way | 10 | ·/˘··/·/˘· |
| With wings or chariot fierce to repossess | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| A heaven he lost erewhile: it must--it must | 12 | ·/·········· |
| Be of ripe progress--Saturn must be King. | 10 | ···/·/˘··· |
| Yes, there must be a golden victory; | 10 | ·····/˘/˘˘ |
| There must be Gods thrown down, and trumpets blown | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Of triumph calm, and hymns of festival | 10 | ·/˘····/˘˘ |
| Upon the gold clouds metropolitan, | 10 | ······˘/˘˘ |
| Voices of soft proclaim, and silver stir | 10 | /˘··˘/·/˘· |
| Of strings in hollow shells; and there shall be | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Beautiful things made new, for the surprise | 10 | /˘˘·····˘/ |
| Of the sky-children; I will give command: | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| Thea! Thea! Thea! where is Saturn?" | 10 | /˘/˘/˘··/˘ |
| This passion lifted him upon his feet, | 10 | ·/˘/˘····· |
| And made his hands to struggle in the air, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| His Druid locks to shake and ooze with sweat, | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| His eyes to fever out, his voice to cease. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| He stood, and heard not Thea's sobbing deep; | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| A little time, and then again he snatch'd | 10 | ·/˘···˘/·· |
| Utterance thus.--"But cannot I create? | 10 | /˘˘··/˘·˘/ |
| Cannot I form? Cannot I fashion forth | 10 | /˘··/˘·/˘· |
| Another world, another universe, | 10 | ˘/˘·˘/˘/˘· |
| To overbear and crumble this to nought? | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Where is another chaos? Where?"--That word | 10 | ··˘/˘/˘··· |
| Found way unto Olympus, and made quake | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| The rebel three.--Thea was startled up, | 10 | ·/˘·/˘·/˘· |
| And in her bearing was a sort of hope, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| As thus she quick-voic'd spake, yet full of awe. | 10 | ·········· |
| "This cheers our fallen house: come to our friends, | 10 | ··//˘···/· |
| O Saturn! come away, and give them heart; | 10 | ·/˘·˘/···· |
| I know the covert, for thence came I hither." | 11 | ···/˘····/˘ |
| Thus brief; then with beseeching eyes she went | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| With backward footing through the shade a space: | 10 | ·/˘/˘····· |
| He follow'd, and she turn'd to lead the way | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Through aged boughs, that yielded like the mist | 9 | ····/˘··· |
| Which eagles cleave upmounting from their nest. | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Meanwhile in other realms big tears were shed, | 10 | /··/˘····· |
| More sorrow like to this, and such like woe, | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Too huge for mortal tongue or pen of scribe: | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| The Titans fierce, self-hid, or prison-bound, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Groan'd for the old allegiance once more, | 9 | ····˘/˘·· |
| And listen'd in sharp pain for Saturn's voice. | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| But one of the whole mammoth-brood still kept | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| His sov'reignty, and rule, and majesty;-- | 10 | ·······/˘˘ |
| Blazing Hyperion on his orbed fire | 11 | /˘˘/˘˘···/˘ |
| Still sat, still snuff'd the incense, teeming up | 10 | ·····/·/˘· |
| From man to the sun's God; yet unsecure: | 10 | ·········· |
| For as among us mortals omens drear | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| Fright and perplex, so also shuddered he-- | 10 | ··˘/·/˘/˘· |
| Not at dog's howl, or gloom-bird's hated screech, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Or the familiar visiting of one | 10 | ··˘/˘/˘˘·· |
| Upon the first toll of his passing-bell, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Or prophesyings of the midnight lamp; | 9 | ······/·· |
| But horrors, portion'd to a giant nerve, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Oft made Hyperion ache. His palace bright | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘· |
| Bastion'd with pyramids of glowing gold, | 10 | ···/˘˘·/˘· |
| And touch'd with shade of bronzed obelisks, | 10 | ······˘··· |
| Glar'd a blood-red through all its thousand courts, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Arches, and domes, and fiery galleries; | 11 | /˘···/˘˘/˘˘ |
| And all its curtains of Aurorian clouds | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Flush'd angerly: while sometimes eagle's wings, | 10 | ·/˘˘·/·/˘· |
| Unseen before by Gods or wondering men, | 10 | ˘/·····/˘· |
| Darken'd the place; and neighing steeds were heard, | 10 | /˘········ |
| Not heard before by Gods or wondering men. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Also, when he would taste the spicy wreaths | 10 | /˘·····/˘· |
| Of incense, breath'd aloft from sacred hills, | 10 | ·/··˘/·/˘· |
| Instead of sweets, his ample palate took | 10 | ˘/···/˘/˘· |
| Savour of poisonous brass and metal sick: | 10 | /˘·/˘··/˘· |
| And so, when harbour'd in the sleepy west, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| After the full completion of fair day,-- | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| For rest divine upon exalted couch | 10 | ··˘/··˘/˘· |
| And slumber in the arms of melody, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘˘ |
| He pac'd away the pleasant hours of ease | 10 | ··˘/·/˘/·· |
| With stride colossal, on from hall to hall; | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| While far within each aisle and deep recess, | 10 | ········˘/ |
| His winged minions in close clusters stood, | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘· |
| Amaz'd and full of fear; like anxious men | 10 | ˘/·····/˘· |
| Who on wide plains gather in panting troops, | 10 | ····/˘·/˘· |
| When earthquakes jar their battlements and towers. | 11 | ·/···/˘˘·/˘ |
| Even now, while Saturn, rous'd from icy trance, | 10 | /··/˘··/˘· |
| Went step for step with Thea through the woods, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Hyperion, leaving twilight in the rear, | 10 | ˘/˘/˘/···· |
| Came slope upon the threshold of the west; | 10 | ·····/···· |
| Then, as was wont, his palace-door flew ope | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| In smoothest silence, save what solemn tubes, | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| Blown by the serious Zephyrs, gave of sweet | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| And wandering sounds, slow-breathed melodies; | 10 | ·/˘˘···/˘˘ |
| And like a rose in vermeil tint and shape, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| In fragrance soft, and coolness to the eye, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| That inlet to severe magnificence | 10 | ·/··˘/˘/˘˘ |
| Stood full blown, for the God to enter in. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| He enter'd, but he enter'd full of wrath; | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| His flaming robes stream'd out beyond his heels, | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| And gave a roar, as if of earthly fire, | 11 | ·······/˘/˘ |
| That scar'd away the meek ethereal Hours | 10 | ··˘/··˘/˘/ |
| And made their dove-wings tremble. On he flared, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| From stately nave to nave, from vault to vault, | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Through bowers of fragrant and enwreathed light, | 10 | ·/˘·/˘···· |
| And diamond-paved lustrous long arcades, | 10 | ·/˘·˘/˘·˘/ |
| Until he reach'd the great main cupola; | 10 | ·······˘/˘ |
| There standing fierce beneath, he stampt his foot, | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| And from the basements deep to the high towers | 11 | ···/˘····/˘ |
| Jarr'd his own golden region; and before | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| The quavering thunder thereupon had ceas'd, | 10 | ·/˘/˘·˘/·· |
| His voice leapt out, despite of godlike curb, | 10 | ····˘/·/˘· |
| To this result: "O dreams of day and night! | 10 | ··˘/······ |
| O monstrous forms! O effigies of pain! | 10 | ·/˘··/˘˘·· |
| O spectres busy in a cold, cold gloom! | 10 | ·/˘/˘····· |
| O lank-eared Phantoms of black-weeded pools! | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Why do I know ye? why have I seen ye? why | 11 | ··········· |
| Is my eternal essence thus distraught | 10 | ··˘/˘/˘·˘/ |
| To see and to behold these horrors new? | 10 | ····˘/·/˘· |
| Saturn is fallen, am I too to fall? | 10 | /˘·/˘····· |
| Am I to leave this haven of my rest, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| This cradle of my glory, this soft clime, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| This calm luxuriance of blissful light, | 10 | ··˘/˘˘·/˘· |
| These crystalline pavilions, and pure fanes, | 10 | ·/˘·˘/˘··· |
| Of all my lucent empire? It is left | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Deserted, void, nor any haunt of mine. | 10 | ˘/˘··/˘··· |
| The blaze, the splendor, and the symmetry, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘˘ |
| I cannot see--but darkness, death and darkness. | 11 | ·/˘··/˘··/˘ |
| Even here, into my centre of repose, | 10 | /····/˘·˘/ |
| The shady visions come to domineer, | 10 | ·/˘/˘···˘/ |
| Insult, and blind, and stifle up my pomp.-- | 10 | ˘/···/˘··· |
| Fall!--No, by Tellus and her briny robes! | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Over the fiery frontier of my realms | 10 | ··/˘˘˘/··· |
| I will advance a terrible right arm | 10 | ··˘/·/˘˘·· |
| Shall scare that infant thunderer, rebel Jove, | 11 | ···/˘/˘˘˘/· |
| And bid old Saturn take his throne again."-- | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| He spake, and ceas'd, the while a heavier threat | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Held struggle with his throat but came not forth; | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| For as in theatres of crowded men | 10 | ···/˘˘·/˘· |
| Hubbub increases more they call out "Hush!" | 10 | /˘/˘˘····· |
| So at Hyperion's words the Phantoms pale | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘· |
| Bestirr'd themselves, thrice horrible and cold; | 10 | ··˘/·/˘˘·· |
| And from the mirror'd level where he stood | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| A mist arose, as from a scummy marsh. | 10 | ··˘/···/˘· |
| At this, through all his bulk an agony | 10 | ·······/˘˘ |
| Crept gradual, from the feet unto the crown, | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Like a lithe serpent vast and muscular | 10 | ···/˘··/˘˘ |
| Making slow way, with head and neck convuls'd | 10 | /˘········ |
| From over-strained might. Releas'd, he fled | 10 | ····˘·˘/·· |
| To the eastern gates, and full six dewy hours | 11 | ··/˘····/˘/ |
| Before the dawn in season due should blush, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| He breath'd fierce breath against the sleepy portals, | 11 | ·······/˘/˘ |
| Clear'd them of heavy vapours, burst them wide | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Suddenly on the ocean's chilly streams. | 10 | /˘˘··/˘/˘· |
| The planet orb of fire, whereon he rode | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/·· |
| Each day from east to west the heavens through, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Spun round in sable curtaining of clouds; | 10 | ···/˘/˘˘·· |
| Not therefore veiled quite, blindfold, and hid, | 10 | ····˘·/··· |
| But ever and anon the glancing spheres, | 10 | ·/˘·˘/·/˘· |
| Circles, and arcs, and broad-belting colure, | 10 | /˘····/˘˘/ |
| Glow'd through, and wrought upon the muffling dark | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Sweet-shaped lightnings from the nadir deep | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘· |
| Up to the zenith,--hieroglyphics old, | 10 | ···/˘·˘/˘· |
| Which sages and keen-eyed astrologers | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘˘ |
| Then living on the earth, with labouring thought | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Won from the gaze of many centuries: | 10 | ·····/˘/˘˘ |
| Now lost, save what we find on remnants huge | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Of stone, or marble swart; their import gone, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Their wisdom long since fled.--Two wings this orb | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Possess'd for glory, two fair argent wings, | 10 | ˘/·/˘··/˘· |
| Ever exalted at the God's approach: | 10 | /˘˘/˘···˘/ |
| And now, from forth the gloom their plumes immense | 10 | ········˘/ |
| Rose, one by one, till all outspreaded were; | 10 | ·········· |
| While still the dazzling globe maintain'd eclipse, | 10 | ···/˘·˘/˘/ |
| Awaiting for Hyperion's command. | 10 | ˘/˘·˘/˘˘˘/ |
| Fain would he have commanded, fain took throne | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| And bid the day begin, if but for change. | 10 | ····˘/···· |
| He might not:--No, though a primeval God: | 10 | ······˘/˘· |
| The sacred seasons might not be disturb'd. | 10 | ·/˘/˘···˘/ |
| Therefore the operations of the dawn | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| Stay'd in their birth, even as here 'tis told. | 10 | ····/˘···· |
| Those silver wings expanded sisterly, | 10 | ·/˘·˘/˘/˘˘ |
| Eager to sail their orb; the porches wide | 10 | /˘·····/˘· |
| Open'd upon the dusk demesnes of night | 10 | /˘········ |
| And the bright Titan, phrenzied with new woes, | 9 | ···/˘···· |
| Unus'd to bend, by hard compulsion bent | 10 | ˘/····˘/˘· |
| His spirit to the sorrow of the time; | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| And all along a dismal rack of clouds, | 10 | ··˘/·/˘··· |
| Upon the boundaries of day and night, | 10 | ···/˘˘···· |
| He stretch'd himself in grief and radiance faint. | 10 | ··˘/···/˘· |
| There as he lay, the Heaven with its stars | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Look'd down on him with pity, and the voice | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Of Coelus, from the universal space, | 10 | ······˘/˘· |
| Thus whisper'd low and solemn in his ear. | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| "O brightest of my children dear, earth-born | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| And sky-engendered, Son of Mysteries | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘˘ |
| All unrevealed even to the powers | 10 | ····/˘··/˘ |
| Which met at thy creating; at whose joys | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| And palpitations sweet, and pleasures soft, | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘· |
| I, Coelus, wonder, how they came and whence; | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| And at the fruits thereof what shapes they be, | 10 | ·········· |
| Distinct, and visible; symbols divine, | 10 | ˘/·/˘˘/˘˘/ |
| Manifestations of that beauteous life | 10 | ·˘/˘··/˘˘· |
| Diffus'd unseen throughout eternal space: | 10 | ˘/˘/··˘/˘· |
| Of these new-form'd art thou, oh brightest child! | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Of these, thy brethren and the Goddesses! | 10 | ···/˘··/˘˘ |
| There is sad feud among ye, and rebellion | 11 | ········˘/˘ |
| Of son against his sire. I saw him fall, | 10 | ·····/···· |
| I saw my first-born tumbled from his throne! | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| To me his arms were spread, to me his voice | 10 | ·········· |
| Found way from forth the thunders round his head! | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Pale wox I, and in vapours hid my face. | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Art thou, too, near such doom? vague fear there is: | 10 | ·········· |
| For I have seen my sons most unlike Gods. | 10 | ·······˘/· |
| Divine ye were created, and divine | 10 | ˘/··˘/˘·˘/ |
| In sad demeanour, solemn, undisturb'd, | 10 | ··˘/˘/˘·˘/ |
| Unruffled, like high Gods, ye liv'd and ruled: | 10 | ˘/˘······· |
| Now I behold in you fear, hope, and wrath; | 10 | ··˘/······ |
| Actions of rage and passion; even as | 10 | /˘···/˘/˘· |
| I see them, on the mortal world beneath, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| In men who die.--This is the grief, O Son! | 10 | ·········· |
| Sad sign of ruin, sudden dismay, and fall! | 10 | ···//˘˘/·· |
| Yet do thou strive; as thou art capable, | 10 | ·······/˘˘ |
| As thou canst move about, an evident God; | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| And canst oppose to each malignant hour | 11 | ··˘/··˘/˘/˘ |
| Ethereal presence:--I am but a voice; | 10 | ˘/˘/˘····· |
| My life is but the life of winds and tides, | 10 | ·········· |
| No more than winds and tides can I avail:-- | 10 | ········˘/ |
| But thou canst.--Be thou therefore in the van | 10 | ·········· |
| Of circumstance; yea, seize the arrow's barb | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Before the tense string murmur.--To the earth! | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| For there thou wilt find Saturn, and his woes. | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Meantime I will keep watch on thy bright sun, | 10 | /········· |
| And of thy seasons be a careful nurse."-- | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Ere half this region-whisper had come down, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Hyperion arose, and on the stars | 10 | ˘/˘˘˘/···· |
| Lifted his curved lids, and kept them wide | 10 | /˘··˘····· |
| Until it ceas'd; and still he kept them wide: | 10 | ·········· |
| And still they were the same bright, patient stars. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Then with a slow incline of his broad breast, | 10 | ····˘/···· |
| Like to a diver in the pearly seas, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Forward he stoop'd over the airy shore, | 10 | /˘·····/˘· |
| And plung'd all noiseless into the deep night. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
On this poem
The situation when the poem opens is as follows:--Saturn, king of the gods, has been driven from Olympus down into a deep dell, by his son Jupiter, who has seized and used his father's weapon, the thunderbolt. A similar fate has overtaken nearly all his brethren, who are called by Keats Titans and Giants indiscriminately, though in Greek mythology the two races are quite distinct. These Titans are the children of Tellus and Coelus, the earth and sky, thus representing, as it were, the first birth of form and personality from formless nature. Before the separation of earth and sky, Chaos, a confusion of the elements of all things, had reigned supreme. One only of the Titans, Hyperion the sun-god, still keeps his kingdom, and he is about to be superseded by young Apollo, the god of light and song.
In the second book we hear Oceanus and Clymene his daughter tell how both were defeated not by battle or violence, but by the irresistible beauty of their dispossessors; and from this Oceanus deduces 'the eternal law, that first in beauty should be first in might'. He recalls the fact that Saturn himself was not the first ruler, but received his kingdom from his parents, the earth and sky, and he prophesies that progress will continue in the overthrow of Jove by a yet brighter and better order. Enceladus is, however, furious at what he considers a cowardly acceptance of their fate, and urges his brethren to resist.
In Book I we saw Hyperion, though still a god, distressed by portents, and now in Book III we see the rise to divinity of his successor, the young Apollo. The poem breaks off short at the moment of Apollo's metamorphosis, and how Keats intended to complete it we can never know.
It is certain that he originally meant to write an epic in ten books, and the publisher's remark[245:1] at the beginning of the 1820 volume would lead us to think that he was in the same mind when he wrote the poem. This statement, however, must be altogether discounted, as Keats, in his copy of the poems, crossed it right out and wrote above, 'I had no part in this; I was ill at the time.'
Moreover, the last sentence (from 'but' to 'proceeding') he bracketed, writing below, 'This is a lie.'
This, together with other evidence external and internal, has led Dr. de Sélincourt to the conclusion that Keats had modified his plan and, when he was writing the poem, intended to conclude it in four books. Of the probable contents of the one-and-half unwritten books Mr. de Sélincourt writes: 'I conceive that Apollo, now conscious of his divinity, would have gone to Olympus, heard from the lips of Jove of his newly-acquired supremacy, and been called upon by the rebel three to secure the kingdom that awaited him. He would have gone forth to meet Hyperion, who, struck by the power of supreme beauty, would have found resistance impossible. Critics have inclined to take for granted the supposition that an actual battle was contemplated by Keats, but I do not believe that such was, at least, his final intention. In the first place, he had the example of Milton, whom he was studying very closely, to warn him of its dangers; in the second, if Hyperion had been meant to fight he would hardly be represented as already, before the battle, shorn of much of his strength; thus making the victory of Apollo depend upon his enemy's unnatural weakness and not upon his own strength. One may add that a combat would have been completely alien to the whole idea of the poem as Keats conceived it, and as, in fact, it is universally interpreted from the speech of Oceanus in the second book. The resistance of Enceladus and the Giants, themselves rebels against an order already established, would have been dealt with summarily, and the poem would have closed with a description of the new age which had been inaugurated by the triumph of the Olympians, and, in particular, of Apollo the god of light and song.'
The central idea, then, of the poem is that the new age triumphs over the old by virtue of its acknowledged superiority--that intellectual supremacy makes physical force feel its power and yield. Dignity and moral conquest lies, for the conquered, in the capacity to recognize the truth and look upon the inevitable undismayed.
Keats broke the poem off because it was too 'Miltonic', and it is easy to see what he meant. Not only does the treatment of the subject recall that of Paradise Lost, the council of the fallen gods bearing special resemblance to that of the fallen angels in Book II of Milton's epic, but in its style and syntax the influence of Milton is everywhere apparent. It is to be seen in the restraint and concentration of the language, which is in marked contrast to the wordiness of Keats's early work, as well as in the constant use of classical constructions,[247:1] Miltonic inversions[247:2] and repetitions,[247:3] and in occasional reminiscences of actual lines and phrases in Paradise Lost.[247:4]
In Hyperion we see, too, the influence of the study of Greek sculpture upon Keats's mind and art. This study had taught him that the highest beauty is not incompatible with definiteness of form and clearness of detail. To his romantic appreciation of mystery was now …
Notes from the edition 35
Introduction and notes by M. Robertson, Keats: Poems Published in 1820 (Clarendon Press, 1909).
- Stanza 1, line 10 See how the sense is expressed in the cadence of the line.
- Stanza 1, line 11 voiceless. As if it felt and knew, and were deliberately silent.
- Stanza 1, line 13 Influence of Greek sculpture. See Introduction, p. 248.
- Stanza 2, line 4 nerveless . . . dead. Cf. Eve of St. Agnes, l. 12, note.
- Stanza 2, line 5 realmless eyes. The tragedy of his fall is felt in every feature.
- Stanza 2, line 6 Earth, His ancient mother. Tellus. See Introduction, p. 244.
- Stanza 3, line 6 Amazon. The Amazons were a warlike race of women of whom many traditions exist. On the frieze of the Mausoleum (British Museum) they are seen warring with the Centaurs.
- Stanza 3, line 9 Ixion's wheel. For insolence to Jove, Ixion was tied to an ever-revolving wheel in Hell.
- Stanza 3, line 10 Memphian sphinx. Memphis was a town in Egypt near to which the pyramids were built. A sphinx is a great stone image with human head and breast and the body of a lion.
PAGE 148. ll. 60-3. The thunderbolts, being Jove's own weapons, are unwilling to be used against their former master. - Stanza 4, line 3 branch-charmed . . . stars. All the magic of the still night is here.
- Stanza 4, line 5 Save . . . wave. See how the gust of wind comes and goes in the rise and fall of these lines, which begin and end on the same sound.
- Stanza 4, line 15 See Introduction, p. 248.
- Stanza 4, line 23 aspen-malady, trembling like the leaves of the aspen-poplar.
PAGE 151. ll. 98 seq. Cf. King Lear. Throughout the figure of Saturn--the old man robbed of his kingdom--reminds us of Lear, and sometimes we seem to detect actual reminiscences of Shakespeare's treatment. Cf. Hyperion, i. 98; and King Lear, I. iv. 248-52. - Stanza 4, line 31 front, forehead.
- Stanza 4, line 34 nervous, used in its original sense of powerful, sinewy.
- Stanza 4, line 36 seq. In Saturn's reign was the Golden Age.
- Stanza 4, line 54 of ripe progress, near at hand.
- Stanza 4, line 58 metropolitan, around the chief city.
- Stanza 4, line 60 strings in hollow shells. The first stringed instruments were said to be made of tortoise-shells with strings stretched across.
- Stanza 5, line 11 chaos. The confusion of elements from which the world was created. See Paradise Lost, i. 891-919.
- Stanza 5, line 13 rebel three. Jove, Neptune, and Pluto.
- Stanza 6, line 3 covert. Cf. Isabella, l. 221; Eve of St. Agnes,
- Stanza 6, line 7 All the dignity and majesty of the goddess is in this comparison.
- Stanza 7, line 14 gloom-bird, the owl, whose cry is supposed to portend death. Cf. Milton's method of description, 'Not that fair field,' etc. Paradise Lost, iv. 268.
- Stanza 7, line 15 familiar visiting, ghostly apparition.
PAGE 157. ll. 205-8. Cf. the opening of the gates of heaven. Paradise Lost, vii. 205-7. - Stanza 8, line 1 seq. See Introduction, p. 248.
- Stanza 8, line 16 effigies, visions.
- Stanza 8, line 18 O . . . pools. A picture of inimitable chilly horror.
- Stanza 8, line 26 fanes. Cf. Psyche, l. 50.
- Stanza 8, line 34 Tellus . . . robes, the earth mantled by the salt sea.
PAGE 160. ll. 274-7. colure. One of two great circles supposed to intersect at right angles at the poles. The nadir is the lowest point in the heavens and the zenith is the highest.
PAGE 161. ll. 279-80. with labouring . . . centuries. By studying the sky for many hundreds of years wise men found there signs and symbols which they read and interpreted. - Stanza 8, line 86 demesnes. Cf. Lamia, ii. 155, note.
- Stanza 8, line 90 all along . . . faint. As in l. 286, the god and the sunrise are indistinguishable to Keats. We see them both, and both in one. See Introduction, p. 248.
- Stanza 8, line 90 rack, a drifting mass of distant clouds. Cf. Lamia, i. 178, and Tempest, IV. i. 156.
PAGE 163. ll. 311-12. the powers . . . creating. Coelus and Terra (or Tellus), the sky and earth. - Stanza 8, line 133 Before . . . murmur. Before the string is drawn tight to let the arrow fly.
- Stanza 8, line 137 region-whisper, whisper from the wide air.
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.