The Departure of Summer

Thomas Hood (1799–1845) · 1826–1845

iambic tetrameter · 159 lines · from The Song of the Shirt, and Other Poems

Summer is gone on swallows' wings,And Earth has buried all her flowers:No more the lark,--the linnet--sings,But Silence sits in faded bowers.There is a shadow on the plainOf Winter ere he comes again,--There is in woods a solemn soundOf hollow warnings whisper'd round,As Echo in her deep recessFor once had turn'd a prophetess.Shuddering Autumn stops to list,And breathes his fear in sudden sighs,With clouded face, and hazel eyesThat quench themselves, and hide in mist.

Yes, Summer's gone like pageant bright;Its glorious days of golden lightAre gone--the mimic suns that quiver,Then melt in Time's dark-flowing river.Gone the sweetly-scented breezeThat spoke in music to the trees;Gone--for damp and chilly breath,As if fresh blown o'er marble seas,Or newly from the lungs of Death.Gone its virgin roses' blushes,Warm as when Aurora rushesFreshly from the God's embrace,With all her shame upon her face.Old Time hath laid them in the mould;Sure he is blind as well as old,Whose hand relentless never sparesYoung cheeks so beauty-bright as theirs!Gone are the flame-eyed lovers nowFrom where so blushing-blest they tarriedUnder the hawthorn's blossom-bough,Gone; for Day and Night are married.All the light of love is fled:--Alas! that negro breasts should hideThe lips that were so rosy red,At morning and at even-tide!

Delightful Summer! then adieuTill thou shalt visit us anew:But who without regretful sighCan say, adieu, and see thee fly?Not he that e'er hath felt thy pow'r.His joy expanding like a flow'r,That cometh after rain and snow,Looks up at heaven, and learns to glow:--Not he that fled from Babel-strifeTo the green sabbath-land of life,To dodge dull Care 'mid clustered trees,And cool his forehead in the breeze,--Whose spirit, weary-worn perchance,Shook from its wings a weight of grief,And perch'd upon an aspen leaf,For every breath to make it dance.

Farewell!--on wings of sombre stain,That blacken in the last blue skies,Thou fly'st; but thou wilt come againOn the gay wings of butterflies.Spring at thy approach will sproutHer new Corinthian beauties out,Leaf-woven homes, where twitter-wordsWill grow to songs, and eggs to birds;Ambitious buds shall swell to flowers,And April smiles to sunny hours,Bright days shall be, and gentle nightsFull of soft breath and echo-lights,As if the god of sun-time keptHis eyes half-open while he slept.Roses shall be where roses were,Not shadows, but reality;As if they never perished there,But slept in immortality:Nature shall thrill with new delight,And Time's relumined river runWarm as young blood, and dazzling bright,As if its source were in the sun!

But say, hath Winter then no charms?Is there no joy, no gladness warmsHis aged heart? no happy wilesTo cheat the hoary one to smiles?Onward he comes--the cruel NorthPours his furious whirlwind forthBefore him--and we breathe the breathOf famish'd bears that howl to death.Onward he comes from the rocks that blanchO'er solid streams that never flow:His tears all ice, his locks all snow,Just crept from some huge avalanche--A thing half-breathing and half-warm,As if one spark began to glowWithin some statue's marble form,Or pilgrim stiffened in the storm.Oh! will not Mirth's light arrows failTo pierce that frozen coat of mail?Oh! will not joy but strive in vainTo light up those glazed eyes again?

No! take him in, and blaze the oak,And pour the wine, and warm the ale;His sides shall shake to many a joke,His tongue shall thaw in many a tale,His eyes grow bright, his heart be gay,And even his palsy charm'd away.What heeds he then the boisterous shoutOf angry winds that scowl without,Like shrewish wives at tavern door?What heeds he then the wild uproarOf billows bursting on the shore?In dashing waves, in howling breeze,There is a music that can charm him;When safe, and sheltered, and at ease,He hears the storm that cannot harm him.

But hark! those shouts! that sudden dinOf little hearts that laugh within.Oh! take him where the youngsters play,And he will grow as young as they!They come! they come! each blue-eyed Sport,The Twelfth-Night King and all his court--'Tis Mirth fresh crown'd with misletoe!Music with her merry fiddles,Joy "on light fantastic toe,"Wit with all his jests and riddles,Singing and dancing as they go.And Love, young Love, among the rest,A welcome--nor unbidden guest.

But still for Summer dost thou grieve?Then read our Poets--they shall weaveA garden of green fancies still,Where thy wish may rove at will.They have kept for after-treatsThe essences of summer sweets,And echoes of its songs that windIn endless music through the mind:They have stamp'd in visible tracesThe "thoughts that breathe," in words that shine--The flights of soul in sunny places--To greet and company with thine.These shall wing thee on to flow'rs--The past or future, that shall seemAll the brighter in thy dreamFor blowing in such desert hours.The summer never shines so brightAs thought-of in a winter's night;And the sweetest loveliest roseIs in the bud before it blows;The dear one of the lover's heartIs painted to his longing eyes,In charms she ne'er can realize--But when she turns again to part.Dream thou then, and bind thy browWith wreath of fancy roses now,And drink of Summer in the cupWhere the Muse hath mix'd it up;The "dance, and song, and sun-burnt mirth,"With the warm nectar of the earth:Drink! 'twill glow in every vein,And thou shalt dream the winter through:Then waken to the sun again,And find thy Summer Vision true!

Words in this poem 27
prophetess n.
A female prophet. [Cf. F. prophétesse, L. prophetissa.]
pageant n.
A theatrical exhibition; a spectacle. [OE. pagent, pagen, originally, a movable scaffold or stage, hence, what was exhibited on it, fr. LL. pagina, akin to pangere to fasten; cf. L. pagina page, leaf]
glorious a.
Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.]
spoke n.
The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, spaca; akin to D. speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. sq. root170. Cf. Spike a nail.]
aurora n.
The rising light of the morning; the dawn of day; the redness of the sky just before the sun rises. [L. aurora, for ausosa, akin to Gr. ushas, and E. east.]
mould n.
Crumbling, soft, friable earth; esp., earth containing the remains or constituents of organic matter, and suited to the growth of plants; soil. [OE. molde, AS. molde; akin to D. mul, G. mull, mulm, OHG. molt, molta, Icel. mold, Dan. muld, Sw. mull, Goth. mulda, and E. meal flour. See Meal, and cf. Mole a]
relentless a.
Unmoved by appeals for sympathy or forgiveness; insensible to the distresses of others; destitute of tenderness; unrelenting; unyielding; unpitying; as, a prey to relentless despotism.
shalt
2d per. sing. of Shall.
regretful a.
Full of regret; indulging in regrets; repining.
babel n.
The city and tower in the land of Shinar, where the confusion of languages took place. [Heb. Babel, the name of the capital of Babylonia; in Genesis associated with the idea of "confusion"]
strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
dodge v. i.
To start suddenly aside, as to avoid a blow or a missile; to shift place by a sudden start. [Of uncertain origin: cf. dodder, v., daddle, dade, or dog, v. t.]
shook v. t.
To pack, as staves, in a shook.
sombre n.
Gloom; obscurity; duskiness; somberness.
twitter n.
One who twits, or reproaches; an upbraider. [From Twit.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
sunny a.
Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant.
hoary a.
White or whitish."The hoary willows."
avalanche n.
A large mass or body of snow and ice sliding swiftly down a mountain side, or falling down a precipice. [F. avalanche, fr. avaler to descend, to let down, from aval down, downward; ad) + val, L. vallis, valley. See Valley.]
thaw v. i.
To melt, dissolve, or become fluid; to soften; -- said of that which is frozen; as, the ice thaws.
boisterous a.
Rough or rude; unbending; unyielding; strong; powerful. [OE. boistous; of uncertain origin; cf. W. bwyst wild, savage, wildness, ferocity, bwystus ferocious.]
angry a.
Troublesome; vexatious; rigorous. [See Anger.]
scowl v. i.
To wrinkle the brows, as in frowning or displeasure; to put on a frowning look; to look sour, sullen, severe, or angry. [Akin to Dan. skule; cf. Icel. skolla to skulk, LG. schulen to hide one's self, D. schuilen, G. schielen to squint, Dan. skele, Sw. skela, AS. sceolh squinting. ]
shrewish a.
having the qualities of a shrew; having a scolding disposition; froward; peevish.
unbidden a.
Not bidden; not commanded.
realize v. t.
To make real; to convert from the imaginary or fictitious into the actual; to bring into concrete existence; to accomplish; as, to realize a scheme or project. [Cf. F. réaliser.]
waken v. i.
To wake; to cease to sleep; to be awakened. [OE. waknen, AS. wæcnan; akin to Goth. gawaknan. See Wake, v. i.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Departure of Summer is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poetical Works of Thomas Hood, Project Gutenberg ebook #15652; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Thomas Hood, The Departure of Summer, in The Song of the Shirt, and Other Poems (1826–1845), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #15652, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/hood-poetical-works/the-departure-of-summer.html, id L20044.

Form and metre

The Departure of Summer is 159 lines in 8 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 92%).

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABABCCDDEEFGGF wingsA · flowersB · singsA · bowersB · plainC · againC · soundD · roundD · recessE · prophetessE · listF · sighsG · eyesG · mistF
  2. 2 AABBCCDCDEEFFGGHHIJIJKLKL brightA · lightA · quiverB · riverB · breezeC · treesC · breathD · seasC · deathD · blushesE · rushesE · embraceF · faceF · mouldG · oldG · sparesH · theirsH · nowI · tarriedJ · boughI · marriedJ · fledK · hideL · redK · tideL
  3. 3 AABBCCDDEEFFGHHG adieuA · anewA · sighB · flyB · pow'rC · flow'rC · snowD · glowD · strifeE · lifeE · treesF · breezeF · perchanceG · griefH · leafH · danceG
  4. 4 ABABCCDDEEFFGG----HIHI stainA · skiesB · againA · butterfliesB · sproutC · outC · wordsD · birdsD · flowersE · hoursE · nightsF · lightsF · keptG · sleptG · were · reality · there · immortality · delightH · runI · brightH · sunI
  5. 5 --AABBCCDEEDFEFFGGHH charms · warms · wilesA · smilesA · northB · forthB · breathC · deathC · blanchD · flowE · snowE · avalancheD · warmF · glowE · formF · stormF · failG · mailG · vainH · againH
  6. 6 ABABCCDDEEEFGFG oakA · aleB · jokeA · taleB · gayC · awayC · shoutD · withoutD · doorE · uproarE · shoreE · breezeF · himG · easeF · himG
  7. 7 AABBCCDEDEDFF dinA · withinA · playB · theyB · sportC · courtC · misletoeD · fiddlesE · toeD · riddlesE · goD · restF · guestF
  8. 8 AABBCCDDEFEF-GGHIIHHJKKJLLMMNN-O-O grieveA · weaveA · stillB · willB · treatsC · sweetsC · windD · mindD · tracesE · shineF · placesE · thineF · flow'rs · seemG · dreamG · hoursH · brightI · nightI · roseH · blowsH · heartJ · eyesK · realizeK · partJ · browL · nowL · cupM · upM · mirthN · earthN · vein · throughO · again · trueO
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Summer is gone on swallows' wings,8/˘···/˘·
And Earth has buried all her flowers:9···/˘··/˘
No more the lark,--the linnet--sings,8·····/˘·
But Silence sits in faded bowers.9·/˘··/˘/˘
There is a shadow on the plain8···/····
Of Winter ere he comes again,--8·/˘···˘/
There is in woods a solemn sound8·····/˘·
Of hollow warnings whisper'd round,8·/˘/˘/˘·
As Echo in her deep recess8·/˘···˘/
For once had turn'd a prophetess.8·····/˘˘
Shuddering Autumn stops to list,8/˘˘/˘···
And breathes his fear in sudden sighs,8·····/˘·
With clouded face, and hazel eyes8·/˘··/˘·
That quench themselves, and hide in mist.8··˘/····
Yes, Summer's gone like pageant bright;8·/˘··/˘·
Its glorious days of golden light8·/˘··/˘·
Are gone--the mimic suns that quiver,9···/˘··/˘
Then melt in Time's dark-flowing river.9·····/˘/˘
Gone the sweetly-scented breeze7··/˘/˘·
That spoke in music to the trees;8···/˘···
Gone--for damp and chilly breath,7····/˘·
As if fresh blown o'er marble seas,8·····/˘·
Or newly from the lungs of Death.8·/˘·····
Gone its virgin roses' blushes,8··/˘/˘/˘
Warm as when Aurora rushes8······/˘
Freshly from the God's embrace,7/˘···˘/
With all her shame upon her face.8········
Old Time hath laid them in the mould;8········
Sure he is blind as well as old,8········
Whose hand relentless never spares8··˘/˘/˘·
Young cheeks so beauty-bright as theirs!8···/˘···
Gone are the flame-eyed lovers now8·····/˘·
From where so blushing-blest they tarried8···/˘···
Under the hawthorn's blossom-bough,8···/·/˘·
Gone; for Day and Night are married.8······/˘
All the light of love is fled:--7·······
Alas! that negro breasts should hide8˘/·/˘···
The lips that were so rosy red,8·····/˘·
At morning and at even-tide!8·/˘··/˘·
Delightful Summer! then adieu8˘/˘/˘·˘/
Till thou shalt visit us anew:8···/˘·˘/
But who without regretful sigh8····˘/˘·
Can say, adieu, and see thee fly?8··˘/····
Not he that e'er hath felt thy pow'r.8········
His joy expanding like a flow'r,8··˘/˘···
That cometh after rain and snow,8·/˘·····
Looks up at heaven, and learns to glow:--8···/····
Not he that fled from Babel-strife8·····/˘·
To the green sabbath-land of life,8···/˘···
To dodge dull Care 'mid clustered trees,8·····/˘·
And cool his forehead in the breeze,--8···/˘···
Whose spirit, weary-worn perchance,8·/˘/˘·˘/
Shook from its wings a weight of grief,8········
And perch'd upon an aspen leaf,8·····/˘·
For every breath to make it dance.8·/˘·····
Farewell!--on wings of sombre stain,8·/···/˘·
That blacken in the last blue skies,8·/˘·····
Thou fly'st; but thou wilt come again8······˘/
On the gay wings of butterflies.8·····/˘·
Spring at thy approach will sprout7···˘/··
Her new Corinthian beauties out,8··˘/˘/˘·
Leaf-woven homes, where twitter-words8·/˘··/˘·
Will grow to songs, and eggs to birds;8········
Ambitious buds shall swell to flowers,9˘/˘····/˘
And April smiles to sunny hours,9·/˘··/˘/˘
Bright days shall be, and gentle nights8·····/˘·
Full of soft breath and echo-lights,8·····/˘·
As if the god of sun-time kept8········
His eyes half-open while he slept.8···/˘···
Roses shall be where roses were,8/˘···/˘·
Not shadows, but reality;8·/··˘/˘˘
As if they never perished there,8···/˘/˘·
But slept in immortality:8····˘/˘˘
Nature shall thrill with new delight,8/˘····˘/
And Time's relumined river run8·····/˘·
Warm as young blood, and dazzling bright,8·····/˘·
As if its source were in the sun!8········
But say, hath Winter then no charms?8···/˘···
Is there no joy, no gladness warms8·····/˘·
His aged heart? no happy wiles7····/˘·
To cheat the hoary one to smiles?8···/˘···
Onward he comes--the cruel North8/˘···/˘·
Pours his furious whirlwind forth8··/˘˘/··
Before him--and we breathe the breath8········
Of famish'd bears that howl to death.8········
Onward he comes from the rocks that blanch9/˘·······
O'er solid streams that never flow:8·/˘··/˘·
His tears all ice, his locks all snow,8········
Just crept from some huge avalanche--8·····/˘·
A thing half-breathing and half-warm,8···/˘···
As if one spark began to glow8····˘/··
Within some statue's marble form,8···/·/˘·
Or pilgrim stiffened in the storm.8·/˘/˘···
Oh! will not Mirth's light arrows fail8·····/˘·
To pierce that frozen coat of mail?8···/˘···
Oh! will not joy but strive in vain8········
To light up those glazed eyes again?8······˘/
No! take him in, and blaze the oak,8········
And pour the wine, and warm the ale;8········
His sides shall shake to many a joke,8·····/··
His tongue shall thaw in many a tale,8·····/··
His eyes grow bright, his heart be gay,8········
And even his palsy charm'd away.8·/·/˘·˘/
What heeds he then the boisterous shout8·····/˘·
Of angry winds that scowl without,8·/˘·····
Like shrewish wives at tavern door?8·/˘··/˘·
What heeds he then the wild uproar8······/·
Of billows bursting on the shore?8·/˘/˘···
In dashing waves, in howling breeze,8·/˘··/˘·
There is a music that can charm him;9···/˘····
When safe, and sheltered, and at ease,8···/˘···
He hears the storm that cannot harm him.9·····/˘··
But hark! those shouts! that sudden din8·····/˘·
Of little hearts that laugh within.8·/˘·····
Oh! take him where the youngsters play,8·····/˘·
And he will grow as young as they!8········
They come! they come! each blue-eyed Sport,8········
The Twelfth-Night King and all his court--8········
'Tis Mirth fresh crown'd with misletoe!8·····/˘˘
Music with her merry fiddles,8/˘··/˘/˘
Joy "on light fantastic toe,"7···˘/˘·
Wit with all his jests and riddles,8······/˘
Singing and dancing as they go.8/˘·/˘···
And Love, young Love, among the rest,8········
A welcome--nor unbidden guest.8·/˘·····
But still for Summer dost thou grieve?8···/˘···
Then read our Poets--they shall weave8··//˘···
A garden of green fancies still,8·/˘··/˘·
Where thy wish may rove at will.7·······
They have kept for after-treats7·······
The essences of summer sweets,8·/˘˘·/˘·
And echoes of its songs that wind8·/˘·····
In endless music through the mind:8·/˘/˘···
They have stamp'd in visible traces9····/˘˘/˘
The "thoughts that breathe," in words that shine--8········
The flights of soul in sunny places--9·····/˘/˘
To greet and company with thine.8···/˘˘··
These shall wing thee on to flow'rs--7·······
The past or future, that shall seem8···/˘···
All the brighter in thy dream7··/˘···
For blowing in such desert hours.9·/˘··/˘/˘
The summer never shines so bright8·/˘/˘···
As thought-of in a winter's night;8·····/˘·
And the sweetest loveliest rose8··/˘····
Is in the bud before it blows;8········
The dear one of the lover's heart8·····/˘·
Is painted to his longing eyes,8·/˘··/˘·
In charms she ne'er can realize--7·····/·
But when she turns again to part.8····˘/··
Dream thou then, and bind thy brow7·······
With wreath of fancy roses now,8···/˘/˘·
And drink of Summer in the cup8···/˘···
Where the Muse hath mix'd it up;7·······
The "dance, and song, and sun-burnt mirth,"8········
With the warm nectar of the earth:8···/˘···
Drink! 'twill glow in every vein,8····/˘˘·
And thou shalt dream the winter through:8·····/˘·
Then waken to the sun again,8·/˘···˘/
And find thy Summer Vision true!8···/˘/˘·

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