The Logicians Refuted

Oliver Goldsmith (1730–1774) · 1764–1774

iambic tetrameter · octosyllabic couplets · 58 lines · from Poems

LOGICIANS have but ill defin’dAs rational, the human kind;Reason, they say, belongs to man,But let them prove it if they can.Wise Aristotle and Smiglecius,By ratiocinations specious,Have strove to prove with great precision,With definition and division,Homo est ratione praeditum,—But for my soul I cannot credit ’em;And must in spite of them maintain,That man and all his ways are vain;And that this boasted lord of natureIs both a weak and erring creature;That instinct is a surer guideThan reason-boasting mortals’ pride;And that brute beasts are far before ’em,Deus est anima brutorum.Who ever knew an honest bruteAt law his neighbour prosecute,Bring action for assault and battery,Or friend beguile with lies and flattery?O’er plains they ramble unconfin’d,No politics disturb their mind;They eat their meals, and take their sport,Nor know who’s in or out at court;They never to the levee goTo treat as dearest friend, a foe;They never importune his grace,Nor ever cringe to men in place;Nor undertake a dirty job,Nor draw the quill to write for B——b.Fraught with invective they ne’er goTo folks at Pater-Noster-Row;No judges, fiddlers, dancing-masters,No pick-pockets, or poetasters,Are known to honest quadrupeds;No single brute his fellow leads.Brutes never meet in bloody fray,Nor cut each others’ throats, for pay.Of beasts, it is confess’d, the apeComes nearest us in human shape;Like man he imitates each fashion,And malice is his ruling passion;But both in malice and grimacesA courtier any ape surpasses.Behold him humbly cringing waitUpon a minister of state;View him soon after to inferiors,Aping the conduct of superiors;He promises with equal air,And to perform takes equal care.He in his turn finds imitators;At court, the porters, lacqueys, waiters,Their master’s manners still contract,And footmen, lords and dukes can act.Thus at the court both great an smallBehave alike—for all ape all.

Words in this poem

neighbour v. i.
To dwell in the vicinity; to be a neighbor, or in the neighborhood; to be near.
levee n.
The act of rising. [F. lever, fr. lever to raise, se lever to rise. See Lever, n.]
importune a.
Inopportune; unseasonable. [F. importun, L. importunus; pref. im- not + a derivative from the root of portus harbor, importunus therefore orig. meaning, hard of access. See Port harbor, an]
fraught n.
A freight; a cargo. [OE.fraight, fraght; akin to Dan. fragt, Sw. frakt, D. vracht, G. fracht, cf. OHG. fr merit, reward; perh. from corresponding to E. for + The root of E. own. Cf.]
folks n.
In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
courtier n.
One who is in attendance at the court of a prince; one who has an appointment at court. [From Court.]
humbly adv.
With humility; lowly.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Logicians Refuted is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poetical Works of Oliver Goldsmith, Project Gutenberg ebook #3545; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Oliver Goldsmith, The Logicians Refuted, in Poems (1764–1774), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #3545, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/goldsmith-poems/the-logicians-refuted.html, id L00424.

Form and metre

The Logicians Refuted is 58 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets, 79% of the lines: octosyllabic couplets. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 89%). 94% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.5 syllables. 16 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 17% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in octosyllabic couplets, other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABB--BB--BB--CC--DDEEFFGGHHII--JJKKLLMMNNOO--PPQQRRSSTTUU defin'dA · kindA · manB · canB · smiglecius · specious · precisionB · divisionB · praeditum · em · maintainB · vainB · nature · creature · guideC · prideC · em · brutorum · bruteD · prosecuteD · batteryE · flatteryE · unconfin'dF · mindF · sportG · courtG · goH · foeH · graceI · placeI · job · b · goJ · rowJ · mastersK · poetastersK · quadrupedsL · leadsL · frayM · payM · apeN · shapeN · fashionO · passionO · grimaces · surpasses · waitP · stateP · inferiorsQ · superiorsQ · airR · careR · imitatorsS · waitersS · contractT · actT · smallU · allU
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
LOGICIANS have but ill defin’d8˘/˘···˘/
As rational, the human kind;8·/˘˘·/˘·
Reason, they say, belongs to man,8/˘··˘/··
But let them prove it if they can.8········
Wise Aristotle and Smiglecius,9·/˘·˘····
By ratiocinations specious,8······/˘
Have strove to prove with great precision,9······˘/˘
With definition and division,9··˘/˘·˘/˘
Homo est ratione praeditum,—9/˘˘/·····
But for my soul I cannot credit ’em;10·····/˘/˘·
And must in spite of them maintain,8······˘/
That man and all his ways are vain;8········
And that this boasted lord of nature9···/˘··/˘
Is both a weak and erring creature;9·····/˘/˘
That instinct is a surer guide8·/˘··/˘·
Than reason-boasting mortals’ pride;8·/˘/˘/˘·
And that brute beasts are far before ’em,9·········
Deus est anima brutorum.9·˘/······
Who ever knew an honest brute8·/˘··/˘·
At law his neighbour prosecute,8···/˘/˘·
Bring action for assault and battery,10·/˘·˘/·/˘˘
Or friend beguile with lies and flattery?10··˘/···/˘˘
O’er plains they ramble unconfin’d,8···/˘·˘/
No politics disturb their mind;8·/˘·˘/··
They eat their meals, and take their sport,8········
Nor know who’s in or out at court;8········
They never to the levee go8·/˘··/˘·
To treat as dearest friend, a foe;8···/˘···
They never importune his grace,8·/˘·····
Nor ever cringe to men in place;8·/˘·····
Nor undertake a dirty job,8·/˘··/˘·
Nor draw the quill to write for B——b.9·········
Fraught with invective they ne’er go8··˘/˘···
To folks at Pater-Noster-Row;8···/˘···
No judges, fiddlers, dancing-masters,10·/˘/˘˘/˘/˘
No pick-pockets, or poetasters,8··/˘····
Are known to honest quadrupeds;8···/˘···
No single brute his fellow leads.8·/˘··/˘·
Brutes never meet in bloody fray,8·/˘··/˘·
Nor cut each others’ throats, for pay.8···/˘···
Of beasts, it is confess’d, the ape8····˘/··
Comes nearest us in human shape;8·/˘··/˘·
Like man he imitates each fashion,9···/˘··/˘
And malice is his ruling passion;9·/˘··/˘/˘
But both in malice and grimaces9···/˘·/˘˘
A courtier any ape surpasses.10·/˘˘/˘·˘/˘
Behold him humbly cringing wait8˘/·/˘/˘·
Upon a minister of state;8···/˘˘··
View him soon after to inferiors,10······˘/˘˘
Aping the conduct of superiors;10/˘·˘/·˘/˘˘
He promises with equal air,8·/˘˘·/˘·
And to perform takes equal care.8··˘/·/˘·
He in his turn finds imitators;9·····/˘·˘
At court, the porters, lacqueys, waiters,9···/˘··/˘
Their master’s manners still contract,8·/˘/˘·˘/
And footmen, lords and dukes can act.8········
Thus at the court both great an small8········
Behave alike—for all ape all.8˘/˘/····

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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