The Axe-Helve

Robert Frost (1874–1963) · 1923

iambic pentameter · 103 lines · from New Hampshire

I've known ere now an interfering branchOf alder catch my lifted axe behind me.But that was in the woods, to hold my handFrom striking at another alder's roots,And that was, as I say, an alder branch.This was a man, Baptiste, who stole one dayBehind me on the snow in my own yardWhere I was working at the chopping-block,And cutting nothing not cut down already.He caught my axe expertly on the rise,When all my strength put forth was in his favor,Held it a moment where it was, to calm me,Then took it from me--and I let him take it.I didn't know him well enough to knowWhat it was all about. There might be somethingHe had in mind to say to a bad neighborHe might prefer to say to him disarmed.But all he had to tell me in French-EnglishWas what he thought of--not me, but my axe;Me only as I took my axe to heart.It was the bad axe-helve some one had sold me--"Made on machine," he said, ploughing the grainWith a thick thumbnail to show how it ranAcross the handle's long drawn serpentine,Like the two strokes across a dollar sign."You give her one good crack, she's snap raght off.Den where's your hax-ead flying t'rough de hair?"Admitted; and yet, what was that to him?

"Come on my house and I put you one inWhat's las' awhile--good hick'ry what's grow crooked,De second growt' I cut myself--tough, tough!"Something to sell? That wasn't how it sounded.

"Den when you say you come? It's cost you nothing.To-naght?"

As well to-night as any night.

Beyond an over-warmth of kitchen stoveMy welcome differed from no other welcome.Baptiste knew best why I was where I was.So long as he would leave enough unsaid,I shouldn't mind his being overjoyed(If overjoyed he was) at having got meWhere I must judge if what he knew about an axeThat not everybody else knew was to countFor nothing in the measure of a neighbor.Hard if, though cast away for life with Yankees,A Frenchman couldn't get his human rating!

Mrs. Baptiste came in and rocked a chairThat had as many motions as the world:One back and forward, in and out of shadow,That got her nowhere; one more gradual,Sideways, that would have run her on the stoveIn time, had she not realized her dangerAnd caught herself up bodily, chair and all,And set herself back where she started from."She ain't spick too much Henglish--dat's too bad."

I was afraid, in brightening first on me,Then on Baptiste, as if she understoodWhat passed between us, she was only feigning.Baptiste was anxious for her; but no moreThan for himself, so placed he couldn't hopeTo keep his bargain of the morning with meIn time to keep me from suspecting himOf really never having meant to keep it.

Needlessly soon he had his axe-helves out,A quiverful to choose from, since he wished meTo have the best he had, or had to spare--Not for me to ask which, when what he tookHad beauties he had to point me out at lengthTo insure their not being wasted on me.He liked to have it slender as a whipstock,Free from the least knot, equal to the strainOf bending like a sword across the knee.He showed me that the lines of a good helveWere native to the grain before the knifeExpressed them, and its curves were no false curvesPut on it from without. And there its strength layFor the hard work. He chafed its long white bodyFrom end to end with his rough hand shut round it.He tried it at the eye-hole in the axe-head."Hahn, hahn," he mused, "don't need much taking down."Baptiste knew how to make a short job longFor love of it, and yet not waste time either.

Do you know, what we talked about was knowledge?Baptiste on his defence about the childrenHe kept from school, or did his best to keep--Whatever school and children and our doubtsOf laid-on education had to doWith the curves of his axe-helves and his havingUsed these unscrupulously to bring meTo see for once the inside of his house.Was I desired in friendship, partly as some oneTo leave it to, whether the right to holdSuch doubts of education should dependUpon the education of those who held them?

But now he brushed the shavings from his kneeAnd stood the axe there on its horse's hoof,Erect, but not without its waves, as whenThe snake stood up for evil in the Garden,--Top-heavy with a heaviness his short,Thick hand made light of, steel-blue chin drawn downAnd in a little--a French touch in that.Baptiste drew back and squinted at it, pleased;"See how she's cock her head!"

Words in this poem

alder a.
Of all; -- used in composition; as, alderbest, best of all, alderwisest, wisest of all. [From ealra, alra, gen. pl. of AS. eal. The d is excrescent.]
stole n.
A long, loose garment reaching to the feet. [AS. stole, L. stola, Gr. stall. See Stall.]
expertly adv.
In a skillful or dexterous manner; adroitly; with readiness and accuracy.
disarmed a.
Deprived of arms.
helve n.
The handle of an ax, hatchet, or adze. [OE. helve, helfe, AS. hielf, helf, hylf, cf. OHG. halb; and also E. halter, helm of a rudder.]
awhile adv.
For a while; for some time; for a short time. [Adj. a + while time, interval.]
frenchman n.
A native or one of the people of France.
nowhere adv.
Not anywhere; not in any place or state; as, the book is nowhere to be found. [AS. nahwær. See No, and Where.]
spick n.
A spike or nail. Spick and span, quite new; that is, as new as a spike or nail just made and a chip just split; brand- new; as, a spick and span novelty. See Span-new. Howell. [Cf. Sw. spik. See Spike a nail.]
whipstock n.
The rod or handle to which the lash of a whip is fastened.
defence n.
The act of defending, or the state of being defended; protection, as from violence or danger. [F. défense, OF. defense, fem., defens, masc., fr. L. defensa (cf. Fence.]
heaviness n.
The state or quality of being heavy in its various senses; weight; sadness; sluggishness; oppression; thickness.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Axe-Helve is in the public domain. This text is taken from New Hampshire, A Poem; with Notes and Grace Notes, Project Gutenberg ebook #58611; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Robert Frost, The Axe-Helve, in New Hampshire (1923), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #58611, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/frost-new-hampshire/the-axe-helve.html, id L02678.

Form and metre

The Axe-Helve is 103 lines in 10 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 86%). 97% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.3 syllables. 21 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 45% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AB--A------B--------B--CC--- branchA · meB · hand · roots · branchA · day · yard · block · already · rise · favor · meB · it · know · something · neighbor · disarmed · english · axe · heart · meB · grain · ran · serpentineC · signC · off · hair · him
  2. 6 ---A--A-- chair · world · shadow · gradualA · stove · danger · allA · from · bad
  3. 7 A----A-- meA · understood · feigning · more · hope · meA · him · it
  4. 8 -A---A--A---------- out · meA · spare · took · length · meA · whipstock · strain · kneeA · helve · knife · curves · lay · body · it · head · down · long · either
  5. 10 --AA-A--- knee · hoof · whenA · gardenA · short · downA · that · pleased · head
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
I've known ere now an interfering branch10······˘/˘·
Of alder catch my lifted axe behind me.11·/˘··/˘····
But that was in the woods, to hold my hand10··········
From striking at another alder's roots,10·/˘·˘/˘/˘·
And that was, as I say, an alder branch.10·······/˘·
This was a man, Baptiste, who stole one day10····˘/····
Behind me on the snow in my own yard10··········
Where I was working at the chopping-block,10···/˘··/˘·
And cutting nothing not cut down already.11·/˘/˘···˘/˘
He caught my axe expertly on the rise,10····/˘˘···
When all my strength put forth was in his favor,11·········/˘
Held it a moment where it was, to calm me,11···/˘······
Then took it from me--and I let him take it.11···········
I didn't know him well enough to know10·/˘···˘/··
What it was all about. There might be something11·········/˘
He had in mind to say to a bad neighbor11·········/˘
He might prefer to say to him disarmed.10··˘/····˘/
But all he had to tell me in French-English11·········/˘
Was what he thought of--not me, but my axe;10··········
Me only as I took my axe to heart.10·/˘·······
It was the bad axe-helve some one had sold me--11···········
"Made on machine," he said, ploughing the grain10··˘/··/˘··
With a thick thumbnail to show how it ran10···/······
Across the handle's long drawn serpentine,10˘/·/˘··/˘·
Like the two strokes across a dollar sign.10····˘/·/˘·
"You give her one good crack, she's snap raght off.10··········
Den where's your hax-ead flying t'rough de hair?"10·····/˘···
Admitted; and yet, what was that to him?10˘/˘·······
"Come on my house and I put you one in10··········
What's las' awhile--good hick'ry what's grow crooked,11··˘/·····/˘
De second growt' I cut myself--tough, tough!"10·/˘····/··
Something to sell? That wasn't how it sounded.11/˘···/˘··/˘
"Den when you say you come? It's cost you nothing.11·········/˘
To-naght?"2··
As well to-night as any night.8·····/˘·
Beyond an over-warmth of kitchen stove10·······/˘·
My welcome differed from no other welcome.11·/˘/˘··/˘/˘
Baptiste knew best why I was where I was.10˘/········
So long as he would leave enough unsaid,10······˘/˘/
I shouldn't mind his being overjoyed10·/˘··/˘·˘/
(If overjoyed he was) at having got me11··˘/···/˘··
Where I must judge if what he knew about an axe12············
That not everybody else knew was to count11··/˘·˘·····
For nothing in the measure of a neighbor.11·/˘··/˘··/˘
Hard if, though cast away for life with Yankees,11····˘/···/˘
A Frenchman couldn't get his human rating!11·/˘/˘··/˘/˘
Mrs. Baptiste came in and rocked a chair10/˘˘/······
That had as many motions as the world:10···/˘/˘···
One back and forward, in and out of shadow,11···/˘····/·
That got her nowhere; one more gradual,10···/···/˘˘
Sideways, that would have run her on the stove10/·········
In time, had she not realized her danger10·····/··/˘
And caught herself up bodily, chair and all,10··˘/·/˘···
And set herself back where she started from.10··˘/···/˘·
"She ain't spick too much Henglish--dat's too bad."10··········
I was afraid, in brightening first on me,10··˘/·/˘···
Then on Baptiste, as if she understood10··˘/····˘/
What passed between us, she was only feigning.11·······/˘/˘
Baptiste was anxious for her; but no more10˘/·/˘·····
Than for himself, so placed he couldn't hope10··˘/···/˘·
To keep his bargain of the morning with me11···/˘··/˘··
In time to keep me from suspecting him10······˘/˘·
Of really never having meant to keep it.10·/˘//˘····
Needlessly soon he had his axe-helves out,10/˘˘·······
A quiverful to choose from, since he wished me11···········
To have the best he had, or had to spare--10··········
Not for me to ask which, when what he took10··········
Had beauties he had to point me out at length11·/˘········
To insure their not being wasted on me.10·˘/··//˘··
He liked to have it slender as a whipstock,11·····/˘··/˘
Free from the least knot, equal to the strain10·····/˘···
Of bending like a sword across the knee.10·/˘···˘/··
He showed me that the lines of a good helve10··········
Were native to the grain before the knife10·/˘·······
Expressed them, and its curves were no false curves10˘/········
Put on it from without. And there its strength lay11···········
For the hard work. He chafed its long white body11·········/˘
From end to end with his rough hand shut round it.11···········
He tried it at the eye-hole in the axe-head.11···········
"Hahn, hahn," he mused, "don't need much taking down."10·······/˘·
Baptiste knew how to make a short job long10˘/········
For love of it, and yet not waste time either.11·········/˘
Do you know, what we talked about was knowledge?11·········/˘
Baptiste on his defence about the children11˘/··˘/···/˘
He kept from school, or did his best to keep--10··········
Whatever school and children and our doubts10·/˘··/˘·/·
Of laid-on education had to do10····˘/˘···
With the curves of his axe-helves and his having11·········/˘
Used these unscrupulously to bring me10··········
To see for once the inside of his house.10·····˘/···
Was I desired in friendship, partly as some one12··˘/·/˘/˘···
To leave it to, whether the right to hold10··········
Such doubts of education should depend10····˘/˘·˘/
Upon the education of those who held them?12····˘/˘·····
But now he brushed the shavings from his knee10·····/˘···
And stood the axe there on its horse's hoof,10·······/˘·
Erect, but not without its waves, as when10˘/········
The snake stood up for evil in the Garden,--11·····/˘··/˘
Top-heavy with a heaviness his short,10·/˘··/˘˘··
Thick hand made light of, steel-blue chin drawn down10··········
And in a little--a French touch in that.10···/˘·····
Baptiste drew back and squinted at it, pleased;10˘/···/˘···
"See how she's cock her head!"6······

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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