How Rustam fought with Suhráb

Ferdowsi (940–1025), translated by Arthur George Warner and Edmond Warner · 1906

iambic pentameter · 89 lines · from Rustam and Sohrab (from the Shahnama)

Suhráb, still musing on his mother's words,Went spear in hand. They chose a battle-groundWhere room was scant, and fought with javelinsTill points and whipping broke; next, wheeling left-ward.Closed with their Indian scimitars and showeredSparks from their blades, which shivered 'neath such strokesAs might have heralded the Day of Doom;Then took their massive maces and fought onUntil their weapons bent beneath the blows.The chargers staggered and their bards dropped off;The riders raged beneath their shivered mail;Both were fordone and hand and arm both failed.With bodies running sweat, with mouths dust-choked,And tongues thirst-cracked, at length the champions parted,The sire in anguish and the son exhausted.

O world! thy doings are a mystery,The broken and the whole both come from thee!Love stirred in neither of these twain, no traceOf wisdom was there, love showed not its face!The fish in streams, wild asses on the plain,And beasts of burden know their young again,But toil and lust forbid a man to knowThe difference between a child and foe!

Then Rustam thought: "I never yet beheldA Crocodile fight thus. Compared with thisTo fight the White Dív was an easy task:To-day my heart despaireth through a man!The hand of one who is unpractised yet,No warrior and not named among the chiefs,Hath made me weary of my life in sightOf both the hosts!"

The chargers being rested,The youthful hero and the man in yearsStrung up their bows, but still the coats of mail,The breastplates, and the tiger-skin cuirassReceived no injury from the arrow-points,And then each hero, raging at his foe,Seized on the other by the leathern belt.Now Rustam, had he clutched a rock in battle,E'en the Black Stone itself, had torn it out,But when he seized the belt and would unhorseSuhráb, the young man's waist felt not the tug,And Rustam's hand was foiled. He quitted hold,He marvelled at the prowess of his foe,And then these lion-quellers, satiateWith battle, bruised, and wounded drew apart.Suhráb again took from his saddle-bowThe massive mace, and gripping with his legsSmote Rustam grievously upon the shoulder,Who though he winced yet bravely bare the pain.Suhráb laughed out and cried: "O cavalier!Thou canst not bear the buffets of the brave.Thy charger, one would say, is but an ass;As for the rider both his hands are naught.A warrior though cypress-tall is foolishTo play the youth when he is in his dotage."

Each humbled by the other turned away.They parted, troubled both in heart and mind.Like leopard sighting prey the mighty RustamWent to attack the army of Túrán,While brave Suhráb assailed the Íránian hostAnd gave his fleet steed rein. He charged the foeAnd many a warrior perished by his hand.Wolf-like he scattered small and great. The heartOf Rustam boded ill. "Káús will suffer,"He thought, "from this brave Turkman just arrivedWith mail-clad breast and arms."

He hasted backTo camp with anxious heart. There mid the hostHe saw Suhráb—a lion mad for prey—The ground about him tulip-hued with blood,His spearpoint, hands, and mail all drenched with gore.Then Rustam raging like a furious lionExclaimed: "Bloodthirsty Turkman! who of allThis host opposed thee? Why hast thou not keptThy hands for me instead of coming thusLike wolf among a flock?"

Suhráb replied:—"The army of Túrán is holding backFrom strife, and doing nothing to provoke it,Yet thou began'st it by assailing themWhen none sought battle and revenge on thee!"

"Light faileth," Rustam said. "On its returnA throne and gibbet wait us on this plain,For all the bright world yieldeth to the sword,And if thine arms are so familiarWith scimitar and arrow never die!Come we with vengeful swords at break of dayTo learn the Maker's will, but now away!"

Words in this poem 24
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
wheeling n.
The act of conveying anything, or traveling, on wheels, or in a wheeled vehicle.
fordone a.
Undone; ruined. [See Fordo.]
sire n.
A lord, master, or other person in authority. See Sir. [F. sire, originally, an older person. See Sir.]
twain a.
Two;- nearly obsolete in common discourse, but used in poetry and burlesque. [OE. twein, tweien, tweyne, AS. twegen, masc. See Two.]
lust v. i.
To list; to like. [AS. lystan. See Lust, n., and cf. List to choose.]
leathern a.
Made of leather; consisting of. leather; as, a leathern purse.
unhorse v. t.
To throw from a horse; to cause to dismount; also, to take a horse or horses from; as, to unhorse a rider; to unhorse a carriage. [1 st pref. un- + horse.]
prowess n.
Distinguished bravery; valor; especially, military bravery and skill; gallantry; intrepidity; fearlessness. Chaucer. Sir P. Sidney. [OF. proece, proesce, F. prouesse. See Prow, a.]
satiate a.
Filled to satiety; glutted; sated; -- followed by with or of. [L. satiatus, p. p. of satiare to satisfy, from sat, satis, enough. See Sad, a., and cf. Sate.]
bravely adv.
In a brave manner; courageously; gallantly; valiantly; splendidly; nobly.
cavalier n.
A military man serving on horseback; a knight. [F. cavalier, It. cavaliere, LL. caballarius, fr. L. caballus. See Cavalcade, and cf. Cavallier, Caballine.]
charger n.
One who, or that which charges.
dotage n.
Feebleness or imbecility of understanding or mind, particularly in old age; the childishness of old age; senility; as, a venerable man, now in his dotage. [From Dote, v. i.]
sighting n.
from Sight, v. t. Sighting shot, a shot made to ascertain whether the sights of a firearm are properly adjusted; a trial shot.
steed n.
A horse, especially a spirited horse for state of war; -- used chiefly in poetry or stately prose. [OE. stede, AS. steda a stud-horse, war horse, fr. stod a stud of breeding steeds; akin to G. stute a mare, Icel. stedda, sto, a stud. *163. See Stud of horses.]
clad v.
To clothe. Holland.
bloodthirsty a.
Eager to shed blood; cruel; sanguinary; murderous.
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
gibbet n.
A kind of gallows; an upright post with an arm projecting from the top, on which, formerly, malefactors were hanged in chains, and their bodies allowed to remain asa warning. [OE. gibet, F. gibet, in OF. also club, fr. LL. gibetum;; cf. OF. gibe sort of sickle or hook, It. giubbetto gibbet, and giubbetta, dim. of giubba mane, also, an]
scimitar n.
A saber with a much curved blade having the edge on the convex side, -- in use among Mohammedans, esp., the Arabs and persians. [F. cimeterre, cf. It. scimitarra, Sp. cimitarra; fr. Biscayan cimetarry with a sharp edge; or corrupted from Per. shimshir.]
vengeful a.
Vindictive; retributive; revengeful.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

How Rustam fought with Suhráb is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Shahnama of Firdausi, done into English by Arthur George Warner and Edmond Warner, vol. II (Trübner’s Oriental Series), London, 1906; Part III, Suhráb (sections 1 to 25), Internet Archive, the Arthur George Warner and Edmond Warner translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Ferdowsi, How Rustam fought with Suhráb, in Rustam and Sohrab (from the Shahnama) (1906), text of Internet Archive, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/ferdowsi-rustam-and-sohrab/18.html, id L29116.

Form and metre

How Rustam fought with Suhráb is 89 lines in 8 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 89%).

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 2 --AABBCC mystery · thee · traceA · faceA · plainB · againB · knowC · foeC
  2. 4 ---A-B------B--B-----A--- rested · years · mail · cuirassA · points · foeB · belt · battle · out · unhorse · tug · hold · foeB · satiate · apart · bowB · legs · shoulder · pain · cavalier · brave · assA · naught · foolish · dotage
  3. 8 -----AA return · plain · sword · familiar · die · dayA · awayA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Suhráb, still musing on his mother's words,10···/˘··/˘·
Went spear in hand. They chose a battle-ground10·······/˘·
Where room was scant, and fought with javelins10·······/˘˘
Till points and whipping broke; next, wheeling left-ward.11···/˘··/˘··
Closed with their Indian scimitars and showered10···/˘····/
Sparks from their blades, which shivered 'neath such strokes10·····/˘···
As might have heralded the Day of Doom;10···/˘˘····
Then took their massive maces and fought on10···/˘/˘···
Until their weapons bent beneath the blows.10···/˘·····
The chargers staggered and their bards dropped off;10·/˘/˘·····
The riders raged beneath their shivered mail;10·/˘····/˘·
Both were fordone and hand and arm both failed.10··˘/······
With bodies running sweat, with mouths dust-choked,10·/˘/˘·····
And tongues thirst-cracked, at length the champions parted,11·······/˘/˘
The sire in anguish and the son exhausted.11·/·/˘···˘/˘
O world! thy doings are a mystery,10···/˘··/˘˘
The broken and the whole both come from thee!10·/˘·······
Love stirred in neither of these twain, no trace10···/˘·····
Of wisdom was there, love showed not its face!10·/˘·······
The fish in streams, wild asses on the plain,10·····/˘···
And beasts of burden know their young again,10···/˘···˘/
But toil and lust forbid a man to know10····˘/····
The difference between a child and foe!10·/˘˘······
Then Rustam thought: "I never yet beheld10·····/˘·˘/
A Crocodile fight thus. Compared with this10·/˘···˘/··
To fight the White Dív was an easy task:10·······/˘·
To-day my heart despaireth through a man!10····˘/˘···
The hand of one who is unpractised yet,10··········
No warrior and not named among the chiefs,10·/˘·······
Hath made me weary of my life in sight10···/˘·····
Of both the hosts!"4····
The chargers being rested,7·/˘/˘/˘
The youthful hero and the man in years10·/˘/˘·····
Strung up their bows, but still the coats of mail,10··········
The breastplates, and the tiger-skin cuirass10·/···/˘·˘/
Received no injury from the arrow-points,10˘/·/˘··/˘·
And then each hero, raging at his foe,10···/˘/˘···
Seized on the other by the leathern belt.10···/˘··/˘·
Now Rustam, had he clutched a rock in battle,11·········/˘
E'en the Black Stone itself, had torn it out,10····˘/····
But when he seized the belt and would unhorse10········˘/
Suhráb, the young man's waist felt not the tug,10··········
And Rustam's hand was foiled. He quitted hold,10·······/˘·
He marvelled at the prowess of his foe,10·˘/··/˘···
And then these lion-quellers, satiate10···/˘··/˘˘
With battle, bruised, and wounded drew apart.10·/˘··/˘·˘/
Suhráb again took from his saddle-bow10··˘/···/˘·
The massive mace, and gripping with his legs10·/˘··/˘···
Smote Rustam grievously upon the shoulder,11···/˘˘···/˘
Who though he winced yet bravely bare the pain.10·····/˘···
Suhráb laughed out and cried: "O cavalier!10········˘/
Thou canst not bear the buffets of the brave.10·····/˘···
Thy charger, one would say, is but an ass;10·/˘·······
As for the rider both his hands are naught.10···/˘·····
A warrior though cypress-tall is foolish11·/˘˘·/˘··/˘
To play the youth when he is in his dotage."11·········/˘
Each humbled by the other turned away.10·/˘··/˘·˘/
They parted, troubled both in heart and mind.10·/˘/˘·····
Like leopard sighting prey the mighty Rustam11·/˘/˘··/˘··
Went to attack the army of Túrán,10··˘/·/˘···
While brave Suhráb assailed the Íránian host10····˘/····
And gave his fleet steed rein. He charged the foe10··········
And many a warrior perished by his hand.10·/·/˘/˘···
Wolf-like he scattered small and great. The heart10···/˘·····
Of Rustam boded ill. "Káús will suffer,"11·········/˘
He thought, "from this brave Turkman just arrived10········˘/
With mail-clad breast and arms."6······
He hasted back4·/˘·
To camp with anxious heart. There mid the host10···/˘·····
He saw Suhráb—a lion mad for prey—10·····/˘···
The ground about him tulip-hued with blood,10·····/˘···
His spearpoint, hands, and mail all drenched with gore.10··········
Then Rustam raging like a furious lion10···/˘··/˘/
Exclaimed: "Bloodthirsty Turkman! who of all10˘//·˘·····
This host opposed thee? Why hast thou not kept10··˘/······
Thy hands for me instead of coming thus10····˘/·/˘·
Like wolf among a flock?"6······
Suhráb replied:—4··˘/
"The army of Túrán is holding back10·/˘····/˘·
From strife, and doing nothing to provoke it,10···//˘·˘/·
Yet thou began'st it by assailing them10······˘/˘·
When none sought battle and revenge on thee!"10···/˘·˘/··
"Light faileth," Rustam said. "On its return10·/˘·····˘/
A throne and gibbet wait us on this plain,10···/˘·····
For all the bright world yieldeth to the sword,10·····/˘···
And if thine arms are so familiar9······˘/˘
With scimitar and arrow never die!10·····/˘/˘·
Come we with vengeful swords at break of day10···/˘·····
To learn the Maker's will, but now away!"10···/˘···˘/

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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