How Suhráb attacked the Army of Káús

Ferdowsi (940–1025), translated by Arthur George Warner and Edmond Warner · 1906

iambic pentameter · 111 lines · from Rustam and Sohrab (from the Shahnama)

Suhráb the chief of warriors, when he heardThese harsh words, turned his back upon Hajír,And hid his face without reply, astoundedAt that dark utterance; then from saddlebackHe fiercely struck Hajír a blow back-handed,Felled him, and went his way, mused much and long,And made his preparations for the fight.He girt him with the girdle of revenge,Took from his princely head the golden crown,Put on his mail and breastplate joyfully,And set a Rúman helmet on his head.That paladin, that binder of the Dív,Took spear, bow, lasso, and his massive mace,The blood was boiling in his veins with ardour.He mounted on his rapid steed, sent upThe battle-cry, and spear in hand rushed outLike some mad elephant upon the field.He came forth bent on fight, he made the dust-cloudsFly to the moon, then charged the Sháh's enclosureAnd made it totter with his spear, while allThe valiant chieftains fled like onagersBefore a lion's claws; not one had courageTo face such foot and stirrup, hand and rein,Such arm and flashing spear. They met and said:"Here is an elephantine hero for you—One that we cannot look on unappalled!Who is there bold enough to challenge him?"

Anon Suhráb the warrior raised his voice,Assailing Sháh Káús with scornful words,And thus he said: "O monarch of the Free!What business hast thou on the battlefield?Why dost thou bear the name of Kai KáúsWho canst not stand where Lions fight together?I wield my spear and all thy troops are cowed.Upon the night that Zhanda Razm was slainI swore a mighty oath while at the feast:—'I will not leave a spearman of Írán,And I will hang Káús upon the gibbetAlive.' What mighty man hast thou to meet me?"

He spake and waited long in silence. NoneMade answer from Írán. Then bending downHe forced out seventy tent-pegs with his spear,The tent-enclosure tumbled to the ground,And everywhere the blast of clarions sounded.Sháh Kai Káús exclaimed in his dismay:—"O men of noble name and glorious race!Let some one take the news to Rustam, saying:—'Our warriors' wits are ousted by this Turkman.I have no cavalier to fight with him;None of Írán is bold enough to go.'"

Tús bore the message and told Rustam all,Who thus made answer: "Every other Sháh,That called me suddenly, called me at timesTo feast, at times to fight, but with KáúsI ne'er see aught excepting fight and travail!"

Then gazing from his tent he found that Gív,Who had but just arrived, was saddling Rakhsh,And that Gurgín was crying: "Quick! Make haste!"Ruhhám was fastening the girth and mace,And Tús had got in hand the horse's mail.Each one was crying to another: "Quick!"The matchless hero heard it from his tentAnd thought: "This must be Áhriman's own fight!So great a hubbub is not made for one."

He put on his cuirass of tiger-skin,Then girt a royal girdle round his loins,And mounting Rakhsh set forth. He left ZawáraIn charge of throne and troops, enjoining him:—"Advance not and take no commands save mine."

They bore his standard with him as he wentIntent on fight and angry. When he sawThe limbs and shoulders of Suhráb, his breastAs broad as that of valiant Sám, he said:—"Go we aside to some fit spot for battle."

Suhráb began to rub his hands, he turnedBack from the Íránian lines, and said to Rustam:—"Come then; we mighty men require no help;The fight between us will suffice, and yetThe field of battle is no place for thee;Thou canst not bear one buffet from my fist.Great stature hast thou, mighty limbs and neck,But they are weak with age."

Then Rustam, gazingUpon that haughty one with such long stirrups,And such a hand and shoulder, answered mildly:—"Fair youth! the earth is hard and cold, the airIs soft and warm. Old am I, but have seenFull many a stricken field, and many a dívHath perished by my hand, yet saw I neverMyself o'ercome. Wait till we fight together;If thou survivest fear no crocodile.Both seas and mountains have beheld how IHave striven with the famed chiefs of TúránIn fight: the stars bear witness to my deeds.My might hath laid the world beneath my feet,And now my heart doth yearn in ruth for thee;I would not take thy life. Thou wilt not leaveBehind a Turkman with such neck and shoulders.I know no peer to thee e'en in Írán."

When Rustam spake Suhráb's heart throbbed. He answered:—"One question will I put. Vouchsafe to tell meThe truth. Inform me of thy parentage,And make me happy by thy fair reply.I think that thou art Rustam, that thou artSprung from the noble race of Narímán."

The other answered him: "I am not Rustam,Not sprung from Sám the son of Narímán,For Rustam is a paladin, while IAm mean, not having throne and state and crown."

Suhráb despaired, he had had hope before,The face of day was bright to him no more.

Words in this poem 29
saddleback n.
Anything saddle-backed; esp., a hill or ridge having a concave outline at the top.
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
girt v. t.
To gird; to encircle; to invest by means of a girdle; to measure the girth of; as, to girt a tree. [From Girt, n., cf. Girth, v.]
paladin n.
A knight-errant; a distinguished champion; as, the paladins of Charlemagne. [F., fr.It. paladino, fr. L. palatinus an officer of the palace. See Palatine.]
binder n.
One who binds; as, a binder of sheaves; one whose trade is to bind; as, a binder of books.
ardour n.
Heat, in a literal sense; as, the ardor of the sun's rays. [L. ardor, fr. ardere to burn: cf. OF. ardor, ardur, F. ardeur.]
steed n.
A horse, especially a spirited horse for state of war; -- used chiefly in poetry or stately prose. [OE. stede, AS. steda a stud-horse, war horse, fr. stod a stud of breeding steeds; akin to G. stute a mare, Icel. stedda, sto, a stud. *163. See Stud of horses.]
rushed a.
Abounding or covered with rushes.
enclosure n.
Inclosure. See Inclosure.
valiant a.
Vigorous in body; strong; powerful; as, a valiant fencer. [OE. valiant, F. vaillant, OF. vaillant, valant, originally p. pr. of OF. & F. valoir to be worth, L. valere to be strong. See Wield, and cf. Avail, Convalesce, ]
unappalled a.
Not appalled; not frightened; dauntless; undaunted.
anon adv.
Straightway; at once. [OE. anoon, anon, anan, lit., in one (moment), fr. AS. on in + an one. See On and One.]
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
wield v. t.
To govern; to rule; to keep, or have in charge; also, to possess. [OE. welden to govern, to have power over, to possess, AS. geweldan, gewyldan, from wealdan; akin to OS. waldan, OFries. walda, G. walten, OHG. waltan, Icel. val]
spearman n.
One who is armed with a spear. Acts xxiii. 23.
gibbet n.
A kind of gallows; an upright post with an arm projecting from the top, on which, formerly, malefactors were hanged in chains, and their bodies allowed to remain asa warning. [OE. gibet, F. gibet, in OF. also club, fr. LL. gibetum;; cf. OF. gibe sort of sickle or hook, It. giubbetto gibbet, and giubbetta, dim. of giubba mane, also, an]
glorious a.
Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.]
cavalier n.
A military man serving on horseback; a knight. [F. cavalier, It. cavaliere, LL. caballarius, fr. L. caballus. See Cavalcade, and cf. Cavallier, Caballine.]
aught n.
Property; possession. [AS. , fr. agan to own, p. p. ahte.]
hubbub n.
A loud noise of many confused voices; a tumult; uproar. [Cf. Whoobub, Whoop, Hoop, v. i.]
angry a.
Troublesome; vexatious; rigorous. [See Anger.]
suffice v. i.
To be enough, or sufficient; to meet the need (of anything); to be equal to the end proposed; to be adequate. [OE. suffisen, OF. soufire, F. suffire (cf. suffisant, p.pr.), L. sufficere to put under, to substitute, to avail for, to suffice; sub under + facere to make. Se]
buffet n.
A cupboard or set of shelves, either movable or fixed at one side of a room, for the display of plate, china, etc., a sideboard. [F. buffet, LL. bufetum; of uncertain origin; perh. fr. the same source as E. buffet a blow, the root meaning to puff, hence (cf. puffed up) the idea of ostentat]
haughty a.
High; lofty; bold. [OE. hautein, F. hautain, fr. haut high, OF. also halt, fr. L. altus. See Altitude.]
stricken p. p.
Struck; smitten; wounded; as, the stricken deer.
yearn v. t.
To pain; to grieve; to vex. [Also earn, ern; probably a corruption of OE. ermen to grieve, AS. ierman, yrman, or geierman, geyrman, fr. earm wretched, poor; akin to D. & G. arm, Icel. armr,]
ruth n.
Sorrow for the misery of another; pity; tenderness. [From Rue, v.: cf. Icel. hryggedh, hrygedh.]
vouchsafe v. t.
To condescend to grant; to concede; to bestow. [Vouch + safe, that is, to vouch or answer for safety.]
parentage n.
Descent from parents or ancestors; parents or ancestors considered with respect to their rank or character; extraction; birth; as, a man of noble parentage. [Cf. F. parentage relationship.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

How Suhráb attacked the Army of Káús is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Shahnama of Firdausi, done into English by Arthur George Warner and Edmond Warner, vol. II (Trübner’s Oriental Series), London, 1906; Part III, Suhráb (sections 1 to 25), Internet Archive, the Arthur George Warner and Edmond Warner translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Ferdowsi, How Suhráb attacked the Army of Káús, in Rustam and Sohrab (from the Shahnama) (1906), text of Internet Archive, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/ferdowsi-rustam-and-sohrab/17.html, id L29115.

Form and metre

How Suhráb attacked the Army of Káús is 111 lines in 12 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 88%).

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 A-A-A-----B------------B--- heardA · hajír · astoundedA · saddleback · handedA · long · fight · revenge · crown · joyfully · headB · — · mace · ardour · up · out · field · clouds · enclosure · all · onagers · courage · rein · saidB · you · unappalled · him
  2. 2 --A-B----B-A voice · words · freeA · battlefield · — · together · cowed · slain · feast · — · gibbet · meA
  3. 4 -A-A- all · — · times · — · travail
  4. 9 -----A---BA--B--A gazing · stirrups · mildly · air · seen · — · never · together · crocodile · iB · — · deeds · feet · theeB · leave · shoulders · —
  5. 10 -A-A-- answered · meA · parentage · replyA · art · narímán
  6. 12 AA beforeA · moreA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Suhráb the chief of warriors, when he heard10·····/˘···
These harsh words, turned his back upon Hajír,10··········
And hid his face without reply, astounded11······˘/˘/˘
At that dark utterance; then from saddleback11···/˘˘··/˘˘
He fiercely struck Hajír a blow back-handed,11·/˘······/˘
Felled him, and went his way, mused much and long,10··········
And made his preparations for the fight.10····˘/˘···
He girt him with the girdle of revenge,10·····/˘·˘/
Took from his princely head the golden crown,10···/˘··/˘·
Put on his mail and breastplate joyfully,10·····/·/˘˘
And set a Rúman helmet on his head.10·····/˘···
That paladin, that binder of the Dív,10·/˘˘·/˘···
Took spear, bow, lasso, and his massive mace,10···/˘··/˘·
The blood was boiling in his veins with ardour.11···/˘····/˘
He mounted on his rapid steed, sent up10·/˘··/˘···
The battle-cry, and spear in hand rushed out10·/˘·······
Like some mad elephant upon the field.10···/˘˘····
He came forth bent on fight, he made the dust-clouds11···········
Fly to the moon, then charged the Sháh's enclosure11········˘/˘
And made it totter with his spear, while all10···/˘·····
The valiant chieftains fled like onagers10·/˘/˘··/˘˘
Before a lion's claws; not one had courage11···/˘····/˘
To face such foot and stirrup, hand and rein,10·····/˘···
Such arm and flashing spear. They met and said:10···/˘·····
"Here is an elephantine hero for you—11····˘/·/˘··
One that we cannot look on unappalled!10···/˘·····
Who is there bold enough to challenge him?"10····˘/·/˘·
Anon Suhráb the warrior raised his voice,10˘/···/˘···
Assailing Sháh Káús with scornful words,9˘/˘···/˘·
And thus he said: "O monarch of the Free!10·····/····
What business hast thou on the battlefield?10·/˘····/˘·
Why dost thou bear the name of Kai Káús10··········
Who canst not stand where Lions fight together?11·····/˘·˘/˘
I wield my spear and all thy troops are cowed.10··········
Upon the night that Zhanda Razm was slain10··········
I swore a mighty oath while at the feast:—10···/˘·····
'I will not leave a spearman of Írán,10·····/˘···
And I will hang Káús upon the gibbet11·········/˘
Alive.' What mighty man hast thou to meet me?"11˘/·/˘······
He spake and waited long in silence. None10···/˘··/˘·
Made answer from Írán. Then bending down10·/˘····/˘·
He forced out seventy tent-pegs with his spear,10···/˘·····
The tent-enclosure tumbled to the ground,10··˘/˘/˘···
And everywhere the blast of clarions sounded.11·/˘····/˘/˘
Sháh Kai Káús exclaimed in his dismay:—10···˘/˘··˘/
"O men of noble name and glorious race!10···/˘··/˘·
Let some one take the news to Rustam, saying:—11·········/˘
'Our warriors' wits are ousted by this Turkman.11//˘··/˘····
I have no cavalier to fight with him;10····˘/····
None of Írán is bold enough to go.'"10······˘/··
Tús bore the message and told Rustam all,11//··/˘·····
Who thus made answer: "Every other Sháh,10···/˘/˘˘/˘
That called me suddenly, called me at times10···/˘˘····
To feast, at times to fight, but with Káús10··········
I ne'er see aught excepting fight and travail!"11·····/˘··˘/
Then gazing from his tent he found that Gív,10·/˘·······
Who had but just arrived, was saddling Rakhsh,10····˘/·/˘·
And that Gurgín was crying: "Quick! Make haste!"10·····/˘···
Ruhhám was fastening the girth and mace,10···/˘˘····
And Tús had got in hand the horse's mail.11·//·····/˘·
Each one was crying to another: "Quick!"10···/˘·˘/˘·
The matchless hero heard it from his tent10·/˘/˘·····
And thought: "This must be Áhriman's own fight!9·········
So great a hubbub is not made for one."10···/˘·····
He put on his cuirass of tiger-skin,10····˘/·/˘·
Then girt a royal girdle round his loins,10···/˘/˘···
And mounting Rakhsh set forth. He left Zawára11·/˘········
In charge of throne and troops, enjoining him:—10······˘/˘·
"Advance not and take no commands save mine."10˘/····˘/··
They bore his standard with him as he went10···/˘·····
Intent on fight and angry. When he saw10˘/···/˘···
The limbs and shoulders of Suhráb, his breast10···/˘·····
As broad as that of valiant Sám, he said:—10·····/˘···
"Go we aside to some fit spot for battle."11··˘/·····/˘
Suhráb began to rub his hands, he turned10··˘/······
Back from the Íránian lines, and said to Rustam:—11···········
"Come then; we mighty men require no help;10···/˘··/··
The fight between us will suffice, and yet10······˘/··
The field of battle is no place for thee;10···/˘·····
Thou canst not bear one buffet from my fist.10·····/˘···
Great stature hast thou, mighty limbs and neck,10·/˘··/˘···
But they are weak with age."6······
Then Rustam, gazing5···/˘
Upon that haughty one with such long stirrups,11···/˘····/˘
And such a hand and shoulder, answered mildly:—11·····/˘/˘/˘
"Fair youth! the earth is hard and cold, the air10··········
Is soft and warm. Old am I, but have seen10··········
Full many a stricken field, and many a dív10·/·/˘··/··
Hath perished by my hand, yet saw I never11·/˘······/˘
Myself o'ercome. Wait till we fight together;11·/······˘/˘
If thou survivest fear no crocodile.10··˘/˘··/˘·
Both seas and mountains have beheld how I10···/˘·˘/··
Have striven with the famed chiefs of Túrán10·/˘·······
In fight: the stars bear witness to my deeds.10·····/˘···
My might hath laid the world beneath my feet,10··········
And now my heart doth yearn in ruth for thee;10··········
I would not take thy life. Thou wilt not leave10··········
Behind a Turkman with such neck and shoulders.11·········/˘
I know no peer to thee e'en in Írán."10··········
When Rustam spake Suhráb's heart throbbed. He answered:—11·········/˘
"One question will I put. Vouchsafe to tell me11·/˘···˘/···
The truth. Inform me of thy parentage,10··˘/···/˘˘
And make me happy by thy fair reply.10···/˘···˘/
I think that thou art Rustam, that thou art10··········
Sprung from the noble race of Narímán."10···/˘·····
The other answered him: "I am not Rustam,11·/˘/˘······
Not sprung from Sám the son of Narímán,10··········
For Rustam is a paladin, while I10·····/˘˘··
Am mean, not having throne and state and crown."10···/˘·····
Suhráb despaired, he had had hope before,10··˘/······
The face of day was bright to him no more.10··········

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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