How Rustam and Suhráb returned to Camp

Ferdowsi (940–1025), translated by Arthur George Warner and Edmond Warner · 1906

iambic pentameter · 127 lines · from Rustam and Sohrab (from the Shahnama)

They parted and the air's face gloomed. SuhrábAmazed the circling sphere. Thou wouldst have said:—"Heaven fashioned him of war; he ceaseth notA moment from the fray; his form is brazen,His charger iron, and his spirit wondrous."

Suhráb when night fell joined his troops. His loinsWere galled with battle but his breast was iron.Thus spake he to Húmán: "This day the sunArose and filled the world with war and strife.How fared ye with this gallant cavalierWho hath a hero's heart and lion's claws?What did he say and do? He proved my match!How fared my troops with him? I hold him peerless,Though old a Lion bent on war and strife."

Húmán replied: "Thou bad'st us tarry here.Just as we had made ready for the fieldA warrior came and challenged us to combat,Confronting all this mighty armament.Thou wouldst have said: 'He cometh fresh from wineTo venture all alone on such a struggle.'He raised the dust of war on every sideAnd slaughtered many warriors of our camp,Then turning round departed at full speed."

Suhráb said: "He hath slain no man of markWhile I have slaughtered many Íránians,And puddled with their blood the ground to clay,While ye looked on. However, none opposed me;'Twas well none did, for had a lion comeHe would not have escaped my massive mace.What is a tiger, pard, or mighty lionConfronting me who with my spearpoint bringFire from the clouds? When warriors beholdMy visage in its wrath their mail is shivered.To-morrow morning ere it is high dayIt will be seen which is the better man,And by the Maker's name—the only God—I will not leave a foe alive. Now spread weThe board with meat and wine, and cheer our hearts."

When Rustam reached the host he questioned Gív:—"What did Suhráb the daring warrior?"

Gív answered: "We ne'er saw one fight like him.He rode up to our centre spear in hand,And raging; there he challenged Tús, who wolf-likeCame forth and mounted. When Suhráb beheld himAdvancing with his lance he roared as 'twereA lion in its rage, and with bent maceStruck Tús upon the breast a mighty blowThat made his helm fall off. Tús turned and fled.Then many others fought but none prevailed,For only Rustam can contend with him.I kept the good old rule of one to one.When no more single challengers went forthWe let him have the field all to himself,Whereat he left the centre for the rightAnd flourished in his glory here and there."

Now Rustam sorrowed at the words of GívAnd went to Sháh Káús, who seated himUpon the throne. Then Rustam told the SháhAbout Suhráb, his stature, and his mien:—"None ever saw one of his tender yearsSo brave and lion-like. In height he reachethThe stars; the earth can not support his bulk;His arms and thighs are camel-like and larger.With sword and shaft, with lasso and with mace,We proved each other lustily in all waysUntil at last I said: 'Ere now have IPlucked from the saddle many a warrior,'And laying hold upon his leathern beltI put the buckle to a mighty strain,And fancied: 'I shall raise him from his saddleAnd hurl him like the rest to dust.' But thoughThe mountain-tops were rocking in the blastThat chieftain would not rock upon his seat,And so I quitted him, for it was late,The night was very dark, there was no moon;But we intend to meet again to-morrowTo wrestle. All I can I will, but know notWhich will prevail. Still we shall learn God's purpose,For victory and conquest are from HimWho is the Maker of the sun and moon."

Then Kai Káús replied: "God rend our foesIn pieces! I will pray to Him to-nightFor victory o'er this vile, malignant Turkman,Pray that thy withered hopes may spring afresh,And that thy fame may reach the sun."

Then Rustam:—"Thy Grace will speed thy liege's whole desire."

He went depressed and vengeful to his camp.To him Zawára came with downcast soul,And said: "How fared the paladin to-day?"But Rustam first would eat, then washed his heartOf care and charged his brother, saying thus:—"Be vigilant and cautious. When I goAt dawn to fight that Turkman warriorLead out mine army and bring forth my flag,My throne, and golden boots, and be beforeMy tent when bright Sol riseth. If I proveVictorious in the fight I shall not loiterUpon the battlefield, while if the matterHave other ending make no lamentationAnd be not downcast. Let not any of youGo on the field or prosecute the war,But go hence to Zábulistán to Zál,Console my mother for my God-sent fate,And say to her: 'Set not thy heart upon me,And be not always mourning for my death.No one abideth in this world for ever,Heaven had no pretext left to spare me longer.I have slain lions, pards, dívs, crocodilesEnough, and razed full many a wall and stronghold,While no man had the upper hand of me,Though he that mounteth on his steed and chargethIs simply knocking at the door of death.What though a man outlive a thousand yearsOne road and one event are for us all.Bethink thee of Jamshid the exalted Sháh,And Tahmúras the Binder of the Dív.There was no monarch like them here below,And yet at last God took them. As the earthRemained not theirs I too must pass away.'When she hath been consoled thus say to Zál:—'Abandon not the monarch of the world,Fight for him valiantly and do his bidding.We all, both young and old, are doomed to die;No one abideth in this world for ever.'"

They rested after half the night had goneIn talk about Suhráb and him alone.

Words in this poem 26
charger n.
One who, or that which charges.
wondrous adv.
In a wonderful or surprising manner or degree; wonderfully. [OE. wonders, adv. (later also adj.). See Wonder, n., and cf. -wards.]
strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
cavalier n.
A military man serving on horseback; a knight. [F. cavalier, It. cavaliere, LL. caballarius, fr. L. caballus. See Cavalcade, and cf. Cavallier, Caballine.]
confronting n.
dealing with (a person or problem) directly; taking the bull by the horns.
armament n.
A body of forces equipped for war; -- used of a land or naval force. [L. armamenta, pl., utensils, esp. the tackle of a ship, fr. armare to arm: cf. LL. armamentum, F. armement.]
pard n.
A leopard; a panther. [L. pardus, Gr. p tiger, panther.]
visage n.
The face, countenance, or look of a person or an animal; -- chiefly applied to the human face. [F. visage, from L. visus a seeing, a look, fr. videre, visum, to see. See Vision.]
rode n.
Redness; complexion. [See Rud.]
centre v. i.
To be placed in a center; to be central.
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
whereat adv.
At which; upon which; whereupon; -- used relatively.
sorrowed a.
Accompanied with sorrow; sorrowful.
lustily adv.
In a lusty or vigorous manner.
leathern a.
Made of leather; consisting of. leather; as, a leathern purse.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
intend v. t.
To stretch' to extend; to distend. [OE. entenden to be attentive, F. entendre, fr. L. intendre, intentum, and intensum, to intend, attend, stretch out, extend; pref. in- in + tendere to stretch, s]
wrestle v. i.
To contend, by grappling with, and striving to trip or throw down, an opponent; as, they wrestled skillfully. [OE. wrestlen, wrastlen, AS. wr, freq. of wr to wrest; akin to OD. wrastelen to wrestle. See Wrest, v. t.]
afresh adv.
Anew; again; once more; newly. [Pref. a- + fresh.]
vengeful a.
Vindictive; retributive; revengeful.
paladin n.
A knight-errant; a distinguished champion; as, the paladins of Charlemagne. [F., fr.It. paladino, fr. L. palatinus an officer of the palace. See Palatine.]
pretext n.
Ostensible reason or motive assigned or assumed as a color or cover for the real reason or motive; pretense; disguise. [F. prétexte, L. praetextum, fr. praetextus, p. p. of praetexere to weave before, allege as an excuse; prae before + texere to weave. See Text.]
razed a.
Slashed or striped in patterns.
steed n.
A horse, especially a spirited horse for state of war; -- used chiefly in poetry or stately prose. [OE. stede, AS. steda a stud-horse, war horse, fr. stod a stud of breeding steeds; akin to G. stute a mare, Icel. stedda, sto, a stud. *163. See Stud of horses.]
outlive v. t.
To live beyond, or longer than; to survive.
binder n.
One who binds; as, a binder of sheaves; one whose trade is to bind; as, a binder of books.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

How Rustam and Suhráb returned to Camp is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Shahnama of Firdausi, done into English by Arthur George Warner and Edmond Warner, vol. II (Trübner’s Oriental Series), London, 1906; Part III, Suhráb (sections 1 to 25), Internet Archive, the Arthur George Warner and Edmond Warner translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Ferdowsi, How Rustam and Suhráb returned to Camp, in Rustam and Sohrab (from the Shahnama) (1906), text of Internet Archive, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/ferdowsi-rustam-and-sohrab/19.html, id L29117.

Form and metre

How Rustam and Suhráb returned to Camp is 127 lines in 11 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 88%).

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 2 -AAB----B loins · ironA · sunA · strifeB · cavalier · claws · match · peerless · strifeB
  2. 4 --AB-----CA-CB- mark · íránians · clayA · meB · come · mace · lion · bring · behold · shiveredC · dayA · man · godC · weB · hearts
  3. 6 A--A-----A----- himA · hand · like · himA · twere · mace · blow · fled · prevailed · himA · one · forth · himself · right · there
  4. 7 ABA----------------C---BC — · himB · — · mien · years · reacheth · bulk · larger · mace · ways · i · warrior · belt · strain · saddle · though · blast · seat · late · moonC · morrow · not · purpose · himB · moonC
  5. 10 ------------------------AA------------ camp · soul · day · heart · thus · go · warrior · flag · before · prove · loiter · matter · lamentation · you · war · — · fate · me · death · ever · longer · crocodiles · stronghold · me · chargethA · deathA · years · all · — · — · below · earth · away · — · world · bidding · die · ever
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
They parted and the air's face gloomed. Suhráb10·/˘·······
Amazed the circling sphere. Thou wouldst have said:—10˘/·/˘·····
"Heaven fashioned him of war; he ceaseth not10//˘····/˘·
A moment from the fray; his form is brazen,11·/˘······/˘
His charger iron, and his spirit wondrous."11·/˘/˘··/˘/˘
Suhráb when night fell joined his troops. His loins10··········
Were galled with battle but his breast was iron.11···/˘····/˘
Thus spake he to Húmán: "This day the sun10··········
Arose and filled the world with war and strife.10˘/········
How fared ye with this gallant cavalier10·····/˘·˘/
Who hath a hero's heart and lion's claws?10···/˘··/˘·
What did he say and do? He proved my match!10··········
How fared my troops with him? I hold him peerless,11·········/˘
Though old a Lion bent on war and strife."10···/˘·····
Húmán replied: "Thou bad'st us tarry here.10··˘/···/˘·
Just as we had made ready for the field10·····/˘···
A warrior came and challenged us to combat,11·/˘··/˘··/˘
Confronting all this mighty armament.10˘/˘··/˘/˘˘
Thou wouldst have said: 'He cometh fresh from wine10·····/˘···
To venture all alone on such a struggle.'11·/˘·˘/···/˘
He raised the dust of war on every side10·······/˘·
And slaughtered many warriors of our camp,10·/˘//˘˘·/·
Then turning round departed at full speed."10·/˘·˘/˘···
Suhráb said: "He hath slain no man of mark10··········
While I have slaughtered many Íránians,10···/˘˘/˘··
And puddled with their blood the ground to clay,10·/˘·······
While ye looked on. However, none opposed me;11·····/˘·˘/·
'Twas well none did, for had a lion come10·······/˘·
He would not have escaped my massive mace.10····˘/·/˘·
What is a tiger, pard, or mighty lion11···/˘··/˘/˘
Confronting me who with my spearpoint bring10˘/˘·······
Fire from the clouds? When warriors behold10/····/˘˘˘/
My visage in its wrath their mail is shivered.11·/˘······/˘
To-morrow morning ere it is high day10·/˘/˘·····
It will be seen which is the better man,10·······/˘·
And by the Maker's name—the only God—10···/˘··/˘·
I will not leave a foe alive. Now spread we11······˘/···
The board with meat and wine, and cheer our hearts."10········/·
When Rustam reached the host he questioned Gív:—10·······/˘·
"What did Suhráb the daring warrior?"10·····/˘/˘˘
Gív answered: "We ne'er saw one fight like him.10·/˘·······
He rode up to our centre spear in hand,10····//˘···
And raging; there he challenged Tús, who wolf-like12·/˘··/˘//···
Came forth and mounted. When Suhráb beheld him11···/˘···˘/·
Advancing with his lance he roared as 'twere10˘/˘·······
A lion in its rage, and with bent mace10·/˘·······
Struck Tús upon the breast a mighty blow11·//·····/˘·
That made his helm fall off. Tús turned and fled.11······//···
Then many others fought but none prevailed,10·/˘/˘···˘/
For only Rustam can contend with him.10·/˘···˘/··
I kept the good old rule of one to one.10··········
When no more single challengers went forth10···/˘/˘˘··
We let him have the field all to himself,10········˘/
Whereat he left the centre for the right10˘/···/˘···
And flourished in his glory here and there."10·/˘··/˘···
Now Rustam sorrowed at the words of Gív10···/˘·····
And went to Sháh Káús, who seated him9······/˘·
Upon the throne. Then Rustam told the Sháh9·········
About Suhráb, his stature, and his mien:—10·····/˘···
"None ever saw one of his tender years10·/˘····/˘·
So brave and lion-like. In height he reacheth11···/˘····/˘
The stars; the earth can not support his bulk;10······˘/··
His arms and thighs are camel-like and larger.11·····/˘··/˘
With sword and shaft, with lasso and with mace,10·····/˘···
We proved each other lustily in all ways11···/˘/˘˘···
Until at last I said: 'Ere now have I10··········
Plucked from the saddle many a warrior,'11···/˘/˘·/˘˘
And laying hold upon his leathern belt10·/˘····/˘·
I put the buckle to a mighty strain,10···/˘··/˘·
And fancied: 'I shall raise him from his saddle11·/˘······/˘
And hurl him like the rest to dust.' But though10··········
The mountain-tops were rocking in the blast10·/˘··/˘···
That chieftain would not rock upon his seat,10·/˘·······
And so I quitted him, for it was late,10···/˘·····
The night was very dark, there was no moon;10···/˘·····
But we intend to meet again to-morrow11··˘/··˘/·/˘
To wrestle. All I can I will, but know not11·/˘········
Which will prevail. Still we shall learn God's purpose,11··˘/·····/˘
For victory and conquest are from Him10·/˘˘·/˘···
Who is the Maker of the sun and moon."10···/˘·····
Then Kai Káús replied: "God rend our foes10····˘/··/·
In pieces! I will pray to Him to-night10·/˘·······
For victory o'er this vile, malignant Turkman,11·/˘···˘/˘··
Pray that thy withered hopes may spring afresh,10···/˘···˘/
And that thy fame may reach the sun."8········
Then Rustam:—3···
"Thy Grace will speed thy liege's whole desire."11·····/˘·˘/˘
He went depressed and vengeful to his camp.10··˘/·/˘···
To him Zawára came with downcast soul,10·······/··
And said: "How fared the paladin to-day?"10·····/˘˘··
But Rustam first would eat, then washed his heart10··········
Of care and charged his brother, saying thus:—10·····/˘/˘·
"Be vigilant and cautious. When I go10·/˘˘·/˘···
At dawn to fight that Turkman warrior10·······/˘˘
Lead out mine army and bring forth my flag,10···/˘·····
My throne, and golden boots, and be before10···/˘·····
My tent when bright Sol riseth. If I prove10··········
Victorious in the fight I shall not loiter11˘/˘······/˘
Upon the battlefield, while if the matter11···/˘····/˘
Have other ending make no lamentation11·/˘/˘······
And be not downcast. Let not any of you11···/···/˘··
Go on the field or prosecute the war,10·····/˘···
But go hence to Zábulistán to Zál,10··········
Console my mother for my God-sent fate,10˘/·/˘·····
And say to her: 'Set not thy heart upon me,11···········
And be not always mourning for my death.10···/·/˘···
No one abideth in this world for ever,11··/˘˘····/˘
Heaven had no pretext left to spare me longer.11/··/·····/˘
I have slain lions, pards, dívs, crocodiles10···/˘··/˘·
Enough, and razed full many a wall and stronghold,11˘/···/···/·
While no man had the upper hand of me,10·····/˘···
Though he that mounteth on his steed and chargeth11···/˘····/˘
Is simply knocking at the door of death.10·/˘/˘·····
What though a man outlive a thousand years10·····/·/˘·
One road and one event are for us all.10····˘/····
Bethink thee of Jamshid the exalted Sháh,10˘/·····˘/˘
And Tahmúras the Binder of the Dív.10·····/˘···
There was no monarch like them here below,10···/······
And yet at last God took them. As the earth10··········
Remained not theirs I too must pass away.'10˘/······˘/
When she hath been consoled thus say to Zál:—10····˘/····
'Abandon not the monarch of the world,10˘/˘··/····
Fight for him valiantly and do his bidding.11···/˘˘···/˘
We all, both young and old, are doomed to die;10··········
No one abideth in this world for ever.'"11··/˘˘····/˘
They rested after half the night had gone10·/˘·······
In talk about Suhráb and him alone.10········˘/

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

More by Ferdowsi