How Rustam slew Zhanda Razm

Ferdowsi (940–1025), translated by Arthur George Warner and Edmond Warner · 1906

iambic pentameter · 98 lines · from Rustam and Sohrab (from the Shahnama)

At sunset, when night's skirt trailed o'er the day,Came Rustam girded and intent on warBefore the Sháh, and said: "Let me go forthWithout my belt and helmet. I will markWho this new worldlord is, who are the chiefs,And who is in command."

Káús replied:—"The very work for thee, and mayst thou prosperBoth soul and body. God watch o'er thee ever,And o'er thy heart's desire and loyal purpose."

Assuming Turkman garb he reached by stealthThe hold and heard the Turkmans' shouts and clamour.The gallant hero made his way inside,As 'twere a lion after antelopes,And saw and marked the chieftains one and all,Joy mantling in his visage like a rose.

Now when Suhráb was going to the warsHis mother summoned to her Zhanda Razm,For once he had seen Rustam at a feast.His father was the king of Samangán,His nephew glorious Suhráb. She said:—"O ardent warrior! be this youth's comradeThat when the hero cometh to ÍránAnd meeteth with the monarch of the brave,And when the hosts encounter in the fight,Thou mayest show my darling son his father."

Now as Suhráb appeared to Rustam's eyesEnthroned amid the feast with Zhanda RazmOn one hand, with the valiant cavalierHúmán and that illustrious Lion BármánUpon the other, thou hadst said that heFilled all the throne and seemed a verdant cypress.His arms were like a camel's thighs, his breastWas like a lion's and his visage ruddy.A hundred valiant warriors sat round,All young, illustrious, and lion-like,While fifty slaves with bracelets on their armsBefore the heart-delighting lofty throneInvoked by turns a blessing on his mien,His stature, sword, and signet-ring. As RustamCrouched at a distance watching, Zhanda RazmWent out for some occasion that he had,Perceived a warrior like a lofty cypress,To whom there was no peer among the troops,And seizing on him roughly questioned himWith sharpness, saying: "Who art thou? Speak out!Come to the light and let me see thy face."

A sudden buffet from the fist of RustamFell on his neck; he yielded up the ghost.There Zhanda Razm lay—a corpse; for himThe day of fighting and of feast was over.

Suhráb continued long in expectation,But Zhanda Razm the Lion came not back.At length the youth began to ask for himBecause his room was empty. Some went out,Beheld him vilely overthrown, at peaceFrom banquet and from battle, and returnedWith clamour, and with sorrow in their hearts.They told Suhráb that Zhanda Razm was dead.The youth sprang up and went to him like smoke,Accompanied by servants, lights, and minstrels,Beheld him lying dead and stood astound,Then called his gallant warriors and said:—"Ye men of wisdom and ye valiant chiefs!Ye must not rest to-night but whet your spears,Because a wolf hath come among the flockAnd found the dogs and shepherds off their guard.Among the mighty he hath seized one ramAnd cast him thus in scorn, but with God's help,When my bay trampleth earth, I will unstrapMy lasso in revenge for Zhanda Razm."

He took his seat again and called the nobles."Though Zhanda Razm's place beside my throneIs void," he said, "I have not done with feasting."

As Rustam was returning to the Sháh,Gív, who was outpost-guard, saw him approach,Drew, roared out like a maddened elephant,And with his shield above his head showed fight;But Rustam knowing who the outpost wasLaughed and returned the shout, whereat the guard,Who knew his voice, advanced afoot and said:—"Where hast thou been afoot and in the dark,Thou battle-loving chieftain?"

Rustam toldHis enterprise and what a lion-manHe had destroyed, while Gív applauded, saying:—"May charger, mace, and saddle ne'er lack thee."

Then Rustam going to the Sháh informed himAbout the Turkmans and their banqueting,About Suhráb, his stature and his mien,His arms and shoulders, chest and feet, and said:—"This is no Turkman born; he is as tallAnd upright as a cypress, with no peerIn either land; in short 'tis Sám himself"

Then of the blow on Zhanda Razm's neckHe said: "He came not back to feast or fight."

They talked and after called for harp and wine,But all the night the troops were ranked in line.

Words in this poem 23
prosper v. t.
To favor; to render successful. [F. prospérer v. i., or L. prosperare, v. i., or L. prosperare, v. t., fr. prosper or prosperus. See Prosperous.]
garb n.
External appearance, as expressive of the feelings or character; looks; fashion or manner, as of speech. [OF. garbe looks, countenance, grace, ornament, fr. OHG. garawi, garwi, ornament, dress. akin to E. gear. See Gear, n.]
stealth n.
The act of stealing; theft. [OE. staple. See Steal, v. t.]
clamour n.
A great outcry or vociferation; loud and continued shouting or exclamation. [OF. clamour, clamur, F. clameur, fr. L. clamor, fr. clamare to cry out. See Claim.]
mantling n.
The representation of a mantle, or the drapery behind and around a coat of arms: -- called also lambrequin.
visage n.
The face, countenance, or look of a person or an animal; -- chiefly applied to the human face. [F. visage, from L. visus a seeing, a look, fr. videre, visum, to see. See Vision.]
nephew n.
A grandson or grandchild, or remoter lineal descendant. [OE. neveu, nevou, nevu, fr. F. neveu, OF. also, nevou, L. nepos; akin to AS. nefa, D. neef, G. neffe, OHG. nevo, Icel. nefi a kinsman, gr. nepat grandson, desce]
glorious a.
Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.]
amid prep.
In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
valiant a.
Vigorous in body; strong; powerful; as, a valiant fencer. [OE. valiant, F. vaillant, OF. vaillant, valant, originally p. pr. of OF. & F. valoir to be worth, L. valere to be strong. See Wield, and cf. Avail, Convalesce, ]
cavalier n.
A military man serving on horseback; a knight. [F. cavalier, It. cavaliere, LL. caballarius, fr. L. caballus. See Cavalcade, and cf. Cavallier, Caballine.]
signet n.
A seal; especially, in England, the seal used by the sovereign in sealing private letters and grants that pass by bill under the sign manual; -- called also privy signet. [OF. signet a signet, F., a bookmark, dim. of signe. See Sign, n., and cf. Sennet.]
crouched a.
Marked with the sign of the cross. Crouched friar. See Crutched friar, under Crutched.
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
buffet n.
A cupboard or set of shelves, either movable or fixed at one side of a room, for the display of plate, china, etc., a sideboard. [F. buffet, LL. bufetum; of uncertain origin; perh. fr. the same source as E. buffet a blow, the root meaning to puff, hence (cf. puffed up) the idea of ostentat]
ghost n.
The spirit; the soul of man. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gast breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
corpse n.
A human body in general, whether living or dead; -- sometimes contemptuosly. [OF. cors (sometimes written corps), F. corps, L. corpus; akin to AS. hrif womb. See Midriff, and cf. Corse, Corselet, Corps, Cuerpo.]
astound a.
Stunned; astounded; astonished. [OE. astouned, astound, astoned, p. p. of astone. See Astone.]
whet v. t.
To rub or on with some substance, as a piece of stone, for the purpose of sharpening; to sharpen by attrition; as, to whet a knife. [AS. hwettan; akin to D. wetten, G. wetzen, OHG. wezzen, Icel. hvetja, Sw. vättja, and AS. hwæt vigorous, brave, OS. hwat, OHG. waz, was, sharp, Icel. hvatr, bol]
whereat adv.
At which; upon which; whereupon; -- used relatively.
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
charger n.
One who, or that which charges.
informed a.
Unformed or ill-formed; deformed; shapeless.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

How Rustam slew Zhanda Razm is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Shahnama of Firdausi, done into English by Arthur George Warner and Edmond Warner, vol. II (Trübner’s Oriental Series), London, 1906; Part III, Suhráb (sections 1 to 25), Internet Archive, the Arthur George Warner and Edmond Warner translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Ferdowsi, How Rustam slew Zhanda Razm, in Rustam and Sohrab (from the Shahnama) (1906), text of Internet Archive, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/ferdowsi-rustam-and-sohrab/15.html, id L29113.

Form and metre

How Rustam slew Zhanda Razm is 98 lines in 13 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 89%).

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 5 -A---B--------A-B---B eyes · razmA · cavalier · — · he · cypressB · breast · ruddy · round · like · arms · throne · mien · rustam · razmA · had · cypressB · troops · him · out · faceB
  2. 7 -------A---A-------- expectation · back · him · out · peace · returned · hearts · deadA · smoke · minstrels · astound · saidA · chiefs · spears · flock · guard · ram · help · unstrap · razm
  3. 13 AA wineA · lineA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
At sunset, when night's skirt trailed o'er the day,10·/········
Came Rustam girded and intent on war10···/˘·˘/··
Before the Sháh, and said: "Let me go forth9·········
Without my belt and helmet. I will mark10·····/˘···
Who this new worldlord is, who are the chiefs,10··········
And who is in command."6····˘/
Káús replied:—4··˘/
"The very work for thee, and mayst thou prosper11·/˘······/˘
Both soul and body. God watch o'er thee ever,11···/˘····/˘
And o'er thy heart's desire and loyal purpose."11····˘/·/˘/˘
Assuming Turkman garb he reached by stealth10˘/˘·······
The hold and heard the Turkmans' shouts and clamour.11·········/˘
The gallant hero made his way inside,10·/˘/˘···˘/
As 'twere a lion after antelopes,10···/˘··/˘·
And saw and marked the chieftains one and all,10·····/˘···
Joy mantling in his visage like a rose.10·/˘··/˘···
Now when Suhráb was going to the wars10·····/˘···
His mother summoned to her Zhanda Razm,10·/˘/˘·····
For once he had seen Rustam at a feast.10··········
His father was the king of Samangán,10·/˘·······
His nephew glorious Suhráb. She said:—10·/˘/˘˘····
"O ardent warrior! be this youth's comrade10·/˘/˘···/·
That when the hero cometh to Írán10···/˘/˘···
And meeteth with the monarch of the brave,10·/˘··/····
And when the hosts encounter in the fight,10····˘/˘···
Thou mayest show my darling son his father."10····/˘··/˘
Now as Suhráb appeared to Rustam's eyes10····˘/····
Enthroned amid the feast with Zhanda Razm10··˘/······
On one hand, with the valiant cavalier10·····/˘·˘/
Húmán and that illustrious Lion Bármán10····˘/˘/··
Upon the other, thou hadst said that he10···/˘·····
Filled all the throne and seemed a verdant cypress.11·······/˘/˘
His arms were like a camel's thighs, his breast10·····/˘···
Was like a lion's and his visage ruddy.11···/˘··/˘/˘
A hundred valiant warriors sat round,10·/˘/˘/˘˘··
All young, illustrious, and lion-like,10··˘/˘˘·/˘·
While fifty slaves with bracelets on their arms10·/˘··/˘···
Before the heart-delighting lofty throne10····˘/˘/˘·
Invoked by turns a blessing on his mien,10˘/···/˘···
His stature, sword, and signet-ring. As Rustam11·/˘··/˘····
Crouched at a distance watching, Zhanda Razm10···/˘/˘···
Went out for some occasion that he had,10····˘/˘···
Perceived a warrior like a lofty cypress,11˘/·/˘··/˘/˘
To whom there was no peer among the troops,10··········
And seizing on him roughly questioned him10·/˘··/˘/˘·
With sharpness, saying: "Who art thou? Speak out!10·/˘/˘·····
Come to the light and let me see thy face."10··········
A sudden buffet from the fist of Rustam11·/˘/˘······
Fell on his neck; he yielded up the ghost.10·····/˘···
There Zhanda Razm lay—a corpse; for him9·········
The day of fighting and of feast was over.10···/˘·····
Suhráb continued long in expectation,11··˘/˘···˘/˘
But Zhanda Razm the Lion came not back.10·····/˘···
At length the youth began to ask for him10····˘/····
Because his room was empty. Some went out,10·····/˘···
Beheld him vilely overthrown, at peace11˘/·····˘/··
From banquet and from battle, and returned10·/˘··/˘·˘/
With clamour, and with sorrow in their hearts.10·/˘··/˘···
They told Suhráb that Zhanda Razm was dead.10··········
The youth sprang up and went to him like smoke,10··········
Accompanied by servants, lights, and minstrels,11˘/˘˘·/˘··/˘
Beheld him lying dead and stood astound,10˘/·/˘···˘/
Then called his gallant warriors and said:—10···/˘/˘˘··
"Ye men of wisdom and ye valiant chiefs!10···/˘··/˘·
Ye must not rest to-night but whet your spears,10··········
Because a wolf hath come among the flock10··········
And found the dogs and shepherds off their guard.10·····/˘···
Among the mighty he hath seized one ram10···/˘·····
And cast him thus in scorn, but with God's help,10··········
When my bay trampleth earth, I will unstrap10···/˘·····
My lasso in revenge for Zhanda Razm."10·/˘·˘/····
He took his seat again and called the nobles.11····˘/···/˘
"Though Zhanda Razm's place beside my throne9·····˘/··
Is void," he said, "I have not done with feasting."11·········/˘
As Rustam was returning to the Sháh,9····˘/˘··
Gív, who was outpost-guard, saw him approach,10···/····˘/
Drew, roared out like a maddened elephant,10·····/˘/˘˘
And with his shield above his head showed fight;10··········
But Rustam knowing who the outpost was10···/˘··/··
Laughed and returned the shout, whereat the guard,10··˘/··˘/··
Who knew his voice, advanced afoot and said:—10····˘/˘/··
"Where hast thou been afoot and in the dark,10····˘/····
Thou battle-loving chieftain?"7·/˘/˘/˘
Rustam told3···
His enterprise and what a lion-man10·/˘····/˘·
He had destroyed, while Gív applauded, saying:—11··˘/··˘/˘/˘
"May charger, mace, and saddle ne'er lack thee."10·/˘··/˘···
Then Rustam going to the Sháh informed him10···/˘··˘/·
About the Turkmans and their banqueting,10·······/˘˘
About Suhráb, his stature and his mien,10·····/˘···
His arms and shoulders, chest and feet, and said:—10···/˘·····
"This is no Turkman born; he is as tall10··········
And upright as a cypress, with no peer10·/···/˘···
In either land; in short 'tis Sám himself"10·/˘·····˘/
Then of the blow on Zhanda Razm's neck9·········
He said: "He came not back to feast or fight."10··········
They talked and after called for harp and wine,10··········
But all the night the troops were ranked in line.10··········

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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