How Káús and Rustam led forth the Host

Ferdowsi (940–1025), translated by Arthur George Warner and Edmond Warner · 1906

iambic pentameter · 44 lines · from Rustam and Sohrab (from the Shahnama)

When Sol had pierced night's pitch-hued cloak and comeForth from the veil Káús bade Gív and TúsTo bind the drums upon the elephants.He oped the treasury-door, gave out supplies,Then called to horse and loaded up the baggage.A hundred thousand cavaliers in mailWent into camp, and as the army marchedHeaven darkened with the chargers' dust. The tentsAnd tent-enclosures stretched two miles, and earthWas clad with elephants and horses' shoes;The sky grew dark as indigo, earth turnedTo ebony, the drum-roll shook the plain.The army marched, the sun's bright visage gloomed,And double-pointed javelin and dartFlashed like a flame through dust as through a veil.What with the spears and flags of divers fashion,The golden bucklers and the golden boots,Thou wouldst have said: "There came an ebon cloudWhich showered sandarac." The world discerned notBetween the night and day, and thou hadst saidThat neither sky nor Pleiades existed.Thus marched the army, hiding soil and rock,Until it neared the portal of the stronghold.

An outcry from the lookout warned Suhráb:—"A host hath come." He mounted to the wallsTo view it and then showed it to Húmán,Who, when he saw so great a multitudeApproaching, was afraid and held his breath.Suhráb the hero said: "Relieve thy heartOf care, thou wilt not see in this vast hostA single warrior or massive maceMeet me upon the field though sun and moonBe on their side. The men and arms abound,Yet know I nothing of the leaders' names!Now by the fortune of AfrásiyábWill I make all the desert like a sea."

Descending, light of heart and unconcerned,He joined the revels of the revellers,And recked not of the war.

The ÍrániansSet up the camp-enclosure of the SháhBefore the castle on the open plain;Men, tentage, and enclosures covered hillAnd wilderness till naught was left to fill.

Words in this poem

bade
A form of the pat tense of Bid.
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
clad v.
To clothe. Holland.
shook v. t.
To pack, as staves, in a shook.
visage n.
The face, countenance, or look of a person or an animal; -- chiefly applied to the human face. [F. visage, from L. visus a seeing, a look, fr. videre, visum, to see. See Vision.]
divers a.
Different in kind or species; diverse. [F. divers, L. diversus turned in different directions, different, p. p. of divertere. See Divert, and cf. Diverse.]
ebon a.
Consisting of ebony.
sandarac n.
Realgar; red sulphide of arsenic.
pleiades n.
The seven daughters of Atlas and the nymph Pleione, fabled to have been made by Jupiter a constellation in the sky.
lookout n.
A careful looking or watching for any object or event.
relieve v. t.
To lift up; to raise again, as one who has fallen; to cause to rise. Piers Plowman. [OE. releven, F. relever to raise again, discharge, relieve, fr. L. relevare to lift up, raise, make light, relieve; pref. re- re- + levare to raise, fr. levis l]
enclosure n.
Inclosure. See Inclosure.
tentage n.
A collection of tents; an encampment. Drayton. [From Tent a pavilion.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

How Káús and Rustam led forth the Host is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Shahnama of Firdausi, done into English by Arthur George Warner and Edmond Warner, vol. II (Trübner’s Oriental Series), London, 1906; Part III, Suhráb (sections 1 to 25), Internet Archive, the Arthur George Warner and Edmond Warner translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Ferdowsi, How Káús and Rustam led forth the Host, in Rustam and Sohrab (from the Shahnama) (1906), text of Internet Archive, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/ferdowsi-rustam-and-sohrab/14.html, id L29112.

Form and metre

How Káús and Rustam led forth the Host is 44 lines in 4 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%).

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -----A-----B--AB-C-CC-- come · — · elephants · supplies · baggage · mailA · marched · tents · earth · shoes · turned · plainB · gloomed · dart · veilA · fashionB · boots · cloudC · not · saidC · existedC · rock · stronghold
  2. 4 ---AA íránians · — · plain · hillA · fillA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
When Sol had pierced night's pitch-hued cloak and come10··········
Forth from the veil Káús bade Gív and Tús11·········//
To bind the drums upon the elephants.10·······/˘˘
He oped the treasury-door, gave out supplies,10···/˘···˘/
Then called to horse and loaded up the baggage.11·····/˘··/˘
A hundred thousand cavaliers in mail10·/˘/˘·˘/··
Went into camp, and as the army marched10·······/˘·
Heaven darkened with the chargers' dust. The tents10//˘··/˘···
And tent-enclosures stretched two miles, and earth10··˘/˘·····
Was clad with elephants and horses' shoes;10···/˘˘·/˘·
The sky grew dark as indigo, earth turned10·····/˘···
To ebony, the drum-roll shook the plain.10·/˘˘······
The army marched, the sun's bright visage gloomed,10·/˘····/˘·
And double-pointed javelin and dart10·/˘/˘/˘˘··
Flashed like a flame through dust as through a veil.10··········
What with the spears and flags of divers fashion,11·······/˘/˘
The golden bucklers and the golden boots,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Thou wouldst have said: "There came an ebon cloud10·······/˘·
Which showered sandarac." The world discerned not10·/·····˘/·
Between the night and day, and thou hadst said10··········
That neither sky nor Pleiades existed.11·/˘··/˘·˘/˘
Thus marched the army, hiding soil and rock,10···/˘/˘···
Until it neared the portal of the stronghold.11·····/˘··/·
An outcry from the lookout warned Suhráb:—10·/···/····
"A host hath come." He mounted to the walls10·····/˘···
To view it and then showed it to Húmán,10··········
Who, when he saw so great a multitude10·······/˘·
Approaching, was afraid and held his breath.10˘/˘·˘/····
Suhráb the hero said: "Relieve thy heart10···/˘·˘/··
Of care, thou wilt not see in this vast host10··········
A single warrior or massive mace10·/˘/˘˘·/˘·
Meet me upon the field though sun and moon10··········
Be on their side. The men and arms abound,10········˘/
Yet know I nothing of the leaders' names!10···/˘··/˘·
Now by the fortune of Afrásiyáb10···/˘·····
Will I make all the desert like a sea."10·····/˘···
Descending, light of heart and unconcerned,10˘/˘·····˘/
He joined the revels of the revellers,10···/˘··/˘˘
And recked not of the war.6······
The Íránians3···
Set up the camp-enclosure of the Sháh9····˘/˘··
Before the castle on the open plain;10···/˘··/˘·
Men, tentage, and enclosures covered hill10·/˘·˘/˘/˘·
And wilderness till naught was left to fill.10·/˘˘······

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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