Self and Life

George Eliot (1819–1880) · 1874

iambic tetrameter · 78 lines · from The Legend of Jubal and Other Poems

SELF. Changeful comrade, Life of mine,Before we two must part,I will tell thee, thou shalt say,What thou hast been and art.Ere I lose my hold of theeJustify thyself to me.

Life. I was thy warmth upon thy mother's kneeWhen light and love within her eyes were one:We laughed together by the laurel-tree,Culling warm daisies 'neath the sloping sun;

We heard the chickens' lazy croon,Where the trellised woodbines grew,And all the summer afternoonMystic gladness o'er thee threw.Was it person? Was it thing?Was it touch or whispering?It was bliss and it was I:Bliss was what thou knew'st me by.

Self. Soon I knew thee more by FearAnd sense of what was not,Haunting all I held most dear;I had a double lot:Ardor, cheated with alloy,Wept the more for dreams of joy.

Life. Remember how thy ardor's magic senseMade poor things rich to thee and small things great;How hearth and garden, field and bushy fence,Were thy own eager love incorporate;

And how the solemn, splendid PastO'er thy early widened earthMade grandeur, as on sunset castDark elms near take mighty girth.Hands and feet were tiny stillWhen we knew the historic thrill,Breathed deep breath in heroes dead,Tasted the immortals' bread.

Self. Seeing what I might have beenReproved the thing I was,Smoke on heaven's clearest sheen,The speck within the rose.By revered ones' frailties stungReverence was with anguish wrung.

Life. But all thy anguish and thy discontentWas growth of mine, the elemental strifeToward feeling manifold with vision blentTo wider thought: I was no vulgar life

That, like the water-mirrored ape.Not discerns the thing it sees,Nor knows its own in others' shape,Railing, scorning, at its ease.

Half man's truth must hidden lieIf unlit by Sorrow's eye.I by Sorrow wrought in theeWilling pain of ministry.

Self. Slowly was the lesson taughtThrough passion, error, care;Insight was the loathing fraughtAnd effort with despair.Written on the wall I saw"Bow!" I knew, not loved, the law.

Life. But then I brought a love that wrote withinThe law of gratitude, and made thy heartBeat to the heavenly tune of seraphimWhose only joy in having is, to impart:

Till thou, poor Self—despite thy ire,Wrestling 'gainst my mingled share,Thy faults, hard falls, and vain desireStill to be what others were—Filled, o'erflowed with tendernessSeeming more as thou wert less,Knew me through that anguish pastAs a fellowship more vast.

Self. Yea, I embrace thee, changeful Life!Far-sent, unchosen mate!Self and thou, no more at strife,Shall wed in hallowed state.Willing spousals now shall proveLife is justified by love.

Words in this poem 16
changeful a.
Full of change; mutable; inconstant; fickle; uncertain.
shalt
2d per. sing. of Shall.
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
culling
The act of one who culls.
croon v. i.
To make a continuous hollow moan, as cattle do when in pain.
trellised a.
Having a trellis or trellises.
afternoon n.
The part of the day which follows noon, between noon and evening.
historic a.
Of or pertaining to history, or the record of past events; as, an historical poem; the historic page. [L. historicus, Gr. historique. See History.]
sheen v. i.
To shine; to glisten.
strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
blent p. p.
Blinded. Also (Chaucer), 3d sing. pres. Blindeth.
insight n.
A sight or view of the interior of anything; a deep inspection or view; introspection; -- frequently used with into.
fraught n.
A freight; a cargo. [OE.fraight, fraght; akin to Dan. fragt, Sw. frakt, D. vracht, G. fracht, cf. OHG. fr merit, reward; perh. from corresponding to E. for + The root of E. own. Cf.]
wrote v. i.
To root with the snout. See 1st Root. [OE. wroten. See 1st Root.]
seraphim n.
The Hebrew plural of Seraph. Cf. Cherubim.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Self and Life is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Legend of Jubal and Other Poems (ten poems from The poems of George Eliot, Crowell, 1884, on Wikisource; four from The Spanish Gypsy; The Legend of Jubal and Other Poems, Old and New, Worthington, 1890, Internet Archive spanishgypsylege00elio), Wikisource and Internet Archive; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: George Eliot, Self and Life, in The Legend of Jubal and Other Poems (1874), text of Wikisource and Internet Archive, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/eliot-poems/self-and-life.html, id L29779.

Form and metre

Self and Life is 78 lines in 14 stanzas. The commonest rhyme scheme is ABAB, in 4 of the 14 stanzas; the rest vary or could not be confirmed. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 91%).

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABBACC mineA · partB · sayB · artA · theeC · meC
  2. 2 -A-ABB knee · oneA · tree · sunA
  3. 3 ABAB croonA · grewB · afternoonA · threwB · thing · whispering · i · by
  4. 4 ABABCCDD fearA · notB · dearA · lotB · alloyC · joyC
  5. 5 ABABCC senseA · greatB · fenceA · incorporateB
  6. 6 ABAB pastA · earthB · castA · girthB · still · thrill · dead · bread
  7. 7 ABABCCDD beenA · wasB · sheenA · roseB · stungC · wrungC
  8. 8 ----AA discontent · strife · blent · life
  9. 9 ABAB apeA · seesB · shapeA · easeB
  10. 10 ABAB lieA · eyeB · theeA · ministryB
  11. 11 AAA- taughtA · careA · fraughtA · despair · saw · law
  12. 12 ABABCC withinA · heartB · seraphimA · impartB
  13. 13 -A-A ire · shareA · desire · wereA · tenderness · less · past · vast
  14. 14 ----AABB life · mate · strife · state · proveA · loveA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
SELF. Changeful comrade, Life of mine,8·/˘/····
Before we two must part,6······
I will tell thee, thou shalt say,7·······
What thou hast been and art.6······
Ere I lose my hold of thee7·······
Justify thyself to me.7/˘·˘/··
Life. I was thy warmth upon thy mother's knee11········/˘·
When light and love within her eyes were one:10··········
We laughed together by the laurel-tree,10··˘/˘··/˘·
Culling warm daisies 'neath the sloping sun;10/˘·/˘··/˘·
We heard the chickens' lazy croon,8···/˘/˘·
Where the trellised woodbines grew,7··/˘···
And all the summer afternoon8···/˘·˘/
Mystic gladness o'er thee threw.7/˘/˘···
Was it person? Was it thing?7··/˘···
Was it touch or whispering?7····/˘˘
It was bliss and it was I:7·······
Bliss was what thou knew'st me by.7·······
Self. Soon I knew thee more by Fear8········
And sense of what was not,6······
Haunting all I held most dear;7/˘·····
I had a double lot:6···/˘·
Ardor, cheated with alloy,7/˘/˘·/·
Wept the more for dreams of joy.7·······
Life. Remember how thy ardor's magic sense11·˘/˘··/˘/˘·
Made poor things rich to thee and small things great;10··········
How hearth and garden, field and bushy fence,10···/˘··/˘·
Were thy own eager love incorporate;10···/˘·˘/˘·
And how the solemn, splendid Past8···/˘/˘·
O'er thy early widened earth7··/˘/˘·
Made grandeur, as on sunset cast8·˘/··/··
Dark elms near take mighty girth.7····/˘·
Hands and feet were tiny still7····/˘·
When we knew the historic thrill,8····˘/˘·
Breathed deep breath in heroes dead,7····/˘·
Tasted the immortals' bread.7/˘·˘/˘·
Self. Seeing what I might have been7·/·····
Reproved the thing I was,7··˘····
Smoke on heaven's clearest sheen,7··/˘/˘·
The speck within the rose.6······
By revered ones' frailties stung7·˘/·/˘·
Reverence was with anguish wrung.7/˘··/˘·
Life. But all thy anguish and thy discontent10····/˘··˘/
Was growth of mine, the elemental strife10······˘/˘·
Toward feeling manifold with vision blent11··/˘/˘··/˘·
To wider thought: I was no vulgar life9·/····/˘·
That, like the water-mirrored ape.8···/˘/˘·
Not discerns the thing it sees,7·˘/····
Nor knows its own in others' shape,8·····/˘·
Railing, scorning, at its ease.7/˘/˘···
Half man's truth must hidden lie7····/˘·
If unlit by Sorrow's eye.7····/˘·
I by Sorrow wrought in thee7··/˘···
Willing pain of ministry.7/˘··/˘˘
Self. Slowly was the lesson taught8·/˘··/˘·
Through passion, error, care;6·/˘/˘·
Insight was the loathing fraught7/···/˘·
And effort with despair.6·/˘·˘/
Written on the wall I saw7/˘·····
"Bow!" I knew, not loved, the law.7·······
Life. But then I brought a love that wrote within11···········
The law of gratitude, and made thy heart10···/˘·····
Beat to the heavenly tune of seraphim10···/˘··/˘˘
Whose only joy in having is, to impart:11·/˘··/˘··˘/
Till thou, poor Self—despite thy ire,8····˘/··
Wrestling 'gainst my mingled share,7/˘··/˘·
Thy faults, hard falls, and vain desire8······˘/
Still to be what others were—7····/˘·
Filled, o'erflowed with tenderness7····/˘˘
Seeming more as thou wert less,7/˘·····
Knew me through that anguish past7····/˘·
As a fellowship more vast.7··/˘···
Self. Yea, I embrace thee, changeful Life!9···˘/·/˘·
Far-sent, unchosen mate!6······
Self and thou, no more at strife,7·······
Shall wed in hallowed state.7···/˘˘·
Willing spousals now shall prove7/˘/˘···
Life is justified by love.7··/˘···

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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