To the Countesse of Bedford
Reason is our Soules left hand, Faith her right,By these wee reach divinity, that's you;Their loves, who have the blessings of your light,Grew from their reason, mine from faire faith grew.
But as, although a squint lefthandednesseBe'ungracious, yet we cannot want that hand,So would I, not to encrease, but to expresseMy faith, as I beleeve, so understand.
Therefore I study you first in your Saints,Those friends, whom your election glorifies,Then in your deeds, accesses, and restraints,And what you reade, and what your selfe devize.
But soone, the reasons why you'are lov'd by all,Grow infinite, and so passe reasons reach,Then backe againe to'implicite faith I fall,And rest on what the Catholique voice doth teach;
That you are good: and not one HeretiqueDenies it: if he did, yet you are so.For, rockes, which high top'd and deep rooted sticke,Waves wash, not undermine, nor overthrow.
In every thing there naturally growesA Balsamum to keepe it fresh, and new,If'twere not injur'd by extrinsique blowes;Your birth and beauty are this Balme in you.
But you of learning and religion,And vertue,'and such ingredients, have madeA methridate, whose operationKeepes off, or cures what can be done or said.
Yet, this is not your physicke, but your food,A dyet fit for you; for you are hereThe first good Angell, since the worlds frame stood,That ever did in womans shape appeare.
Since you are then Gods masterpeece, and soHis Factor for our loves; do as you doe,Make your returne home gracious; and bestowThis life on that; so make one life of two.For so God helpe mee,'I would not misse you thereFor all the good which you can do me here.
overlooked 1633 reading:) high to sense and deepe-rooted
You have refin'd mee, and to worthyest things(Vertue, Art, Beauty, Fortune,) now I seeRarenesse, or use, not nature value brings;And such, as they are circumstanc'd, they bee.Two ills can ne're perplexe us, sinne to'excuse;But of two good things, we may leave and chuse.
Therefore at Court, which is not vertues clime,(Where a transcendent height, (as, lownesse mee)Makes her not be, or not show) all my rimeYour vertues challenge, which there rarest bee;For, as darke texts need notes: there some must beeTo usher vertue, and say, This is shee.
So in the country'is beauty; to this placeYou are the season (Madame) you the day,'Tis but a grave of spices, till your faceExhale them, and a thick close bud display.Widow'd and reclus'd else, her sweets she'enshrines;As China, when the Sunne at Brasill dines.
Out from your chariot, morning breaks at night,And falsifies both computations so;Since a new world doth rise here from your light,We your new creatures, by new recknings goe.This showes that you from nature lothly stray,That suffer not an artificiall day.
In this you'have made the Court the Antipodes,And will'd your Delegate, the vulgar Sunne,To doe profane autumnall offices,Whilst here to you, wee sacrificers runne;And whether Priests, or Organs, you wee'obey,We sound your influence, and your Dictates say.
Yet to that Deity which dwels in you,Your vertuous Soule, I now not sacrifice;These are Petitions and not Hymnes; they sueBut that I may survay the edifice.In all Religions as much care hath binOf Temples frames, and beauty,'as Rites within.
As all which goe to Rome, doe not therebyEsteeme religions, and hold fast the best,But serve discourse, and curiosity,With that which doth religion but invest,And shunne th'entangling laborinths of Schooles,And make it wit, to thinke the wiser fooles:
So in this pilgrimage I would beholdYou as you'are vertues temple, not as shee,What walls of tender christall her enfold,What eyes, hands, bosome, her pure Altars bee;And after this survay, oppose to allBablers of Chappels, you th'Escuriall.
Yet not as consecrate, but merely'as faire,On these I cast a lay and country eye.Of past and future stories, which are rare,I finde you all record, and prophecie.Purge but the booke of Fate, that it admitNo sad nor guilty legends, you are it.
If good and lovely were not one, of bothYou were the transcript, and originall,The Elements, the Parent, and the Growth,And every peece of you, is both their All:So'intire are all your deeds, and you, that youMust do the same thinge still; you cannot two.
But these (as nice thinne Schoole divinityServes heresie to furder or represse)Tast of Poëtique rage, or flattery,And need not, where all hearts one truth professe;Oft from new proofes, and new phrase, new doubts grow,As strange attire aliens the men wee know.
Leaving then busie praise, and all appealeTo higher Courts, senses decree is true,The Mine, the Magazine, the Commonweale,The story of beauty,'in Twicknam is, and you.Who hath seene one, would both; As, who had binIn Paradise, would seeke the Cherubin.
Words in this poem 16
- encrease v. t.
- i. See Increase.
- passe a.
- Past; gone by; hence, past one's prime; worn; faded; as, a passée belle. Ld. Lytton. [F.]
- sinne adv.
- Old form of Since. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.]
- clime n.
- A climate; a tract or region of the earth. See Climate. [L. clima. See Climate.]
- rime n.
- A rent or long aperture; a chink; a fissure; a crack. Sir T. [L. rima.]
- madame n.
- My lady; -- a French title formerly given to ladies of quality; now, in France, given to all married women. [F., fr. ma my (L. mea) + dame dame. See Dame, and cf. Madonna.]
- artificiall a.
- Made or contrived by art; produced or modified by human skill and labor, in opposition to natural; as, artificial heat or light, gems, salts, minerals, fountains, flowers. [L. artificialis, fr. artificium: cf. F. artificiel. See Artifice.]
- antipodes n.
- Those who live on the side of the globe diametrically opposite.
- autumnall a.
- Of, belonging to, or peculiar to, autumn; as, an autumnal tint; produced or gathered in autumn; as, autumnal fruits; flowering in autumn; as, an autumnal plant. [L. auctumnalis, autumnalis: cf. F. automnal.]
- vertuous a.
- Virtuous; powerful.
- curiosity n.
- The state or quality or being curious; nicety; accuracy; exactness; elaboration. [OE. curiouste, curiosite, OF. curioseté, curiosité, F. curiosit, fr. L. curiositas, fr. curiosus. See Currious, and cf. Curio.]
- shunne v. t.
- To avoid; to keep clear of; to get out of the way of; to escape from; to eschew; as, to shun rocks, shoals, vice. [OE. shunien, schunien, schonien, AS. scunian, sceonian; cf. D. schuinen to slepe, schuin oblique, sloping, Icel. skunda, skynda, to hasten. Cf. Schooner, Scound]
- pilgrimage n.
- The journey of a pilgrim; a long journey; especially, a journey to a shrine or other sacred place. Fig., the journey of human life. [OE. pilgrimage, pelgrinage; cf. F. pèlerinage.]
- enfold v. t.
- To infold. See Infold.
- thinne a.
- Having little thickness or extent from one surface to its opposite; as, a thin plate of metal; thin paper; a thin board; a thin covering. [OE. thinne, thenne, thunne, AS. þynne; akin to D. dun, G. dünn, OHG. dunni, Icel. þunnr, Sw. tunn, Dan. tynd, Gael. & Ir. tana, W. teneu, L. tenuis, Gr. tanu th]
- cherubin a.
- Cherubic; angelic.
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
To the Countesse of Bedford is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poems of John Donne, Volume 1 (of 2) Edited from the Old Editions and Numerous Manuscripts, Project Gutenberg ebook #48688; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: John Donne, To the Countesse of Bedford, in Poems (1633), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #48688, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/donne-poems/to-the-countesse-of-bedford.html, id L04964.
Form and metre
To the Countesse of Bedford is 111 lines in 22 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 83%). 94% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.1 syllables. 11 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 25% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 ABAB rightA · youB · lightA · grewB
- 2 ABAB lefthandednesseA · handB · expresseA · understandB
- 3 ABAB saintsA · glorifiesB · restraintsA · devizeB
- 4 ABAB allA · reachB · fallA · teachB
- 5 -A-A heretique · soA · sticke · overthrowA
- 6 ABAB growesA · newB · blowesA · youB
- 8 -A-A food · hereA · stood · appeareA
- 9 AAA-BB soA · doeA · bestowA · two · thereB · hereB
- 11 ABAB-- thingsA · seeB · bringsA · beeB · to'excuse · chuse
- 12 ABABBB climeA · meeB · rimeA · beeB · beeB · sheeB
- 13 ABABCC placeA · dayB · faceA · displayB · she'enshrinesC · dinesC
- 14 ABABCC nightA · soB · lightA · goeB · strayC · dayC
- 15 -A-A-- antipodes · sunneA · offices · runneA · wee'obey · say
- 16 ABABCC youA · sacrificeB · sueA · edificeB · binC · withinC
- 17 -A-ABB thereby · bestA · curiosity · investA · schoolesB · foolesB
- 18 ABAB-- beholdA · sheeB · enfoldA · beeB · all · th'escuriall
- 19 A-A-BB faireA · eye · rareA · prophecie · admitB · itB
- 20 ABABCC bothA · originallB · growthA · allB · youC · twoC
- 21 -A-ABB divinity · represseA · flattery · professeA · growB · knowB
- 22 ABAB-- appealeA · trueB · commonwealeA · youB · bin · cherubin
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Reason is our Soules left hand, Faith her right, | 10 | /˘·/······ |
| By these wee reach divinity, that's you; | 10 | ····˘/˘˘·· |
| Their loves, who have the blessings of your light, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Grew from their reason, mine from faire faith grew. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| But as, although a squint lefthandednesse | 10 | ·········· |
| Be'ungracious, yet we cannot want that hand, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| So would I, not to encrease, but to expresse | 11 | ·····˘/···· |
| My faith, as I beleeve, so understand. | 10 | ········˘/ |
| Therefore I study you first in your Saints, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Those friends, whom your election glorifies, | 10 | ····˘/˘/˘· |
| Then in your deeds, accesses, and restraints, | 10 | ····/·˘·˘/ |
| And what you reade, and what your selfe devize. | 10 | ·········· |
| But soone, the reasons why you'are lov'd by all, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Grow infinite, and so passe reasons reach, | 10 | ·/˘···//˘· |
| Then backe againe to'implicite faith I fall, | 10 | ·········· |
| And rest on what the Catholique voice doth teach; | 11 | ··········· |
| That you are good: and not one Heretique | 10 | ·········· |
| Denies it: if he did, yet you are so. | 10 | ˘/········ |
| For, rockes, which high top'd and deep rooted sticke, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Waves wash, not undermine, nor overthrow. | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| In every thing there naturally growes | 10 | ·/˘··/˘˘˘· |
| A Balsamum to keepe it fresh, and new, | 10 | ·········· |
| If'twere not injur'd by extrinsique blowes; | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Your birth and beauty are this Balme in you. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| But you of learning and religion, | 9 | ···/˘·˘/˘ |
| And vertue,'and such ingredients, have made | 10 | ·····˘/˘·· |
| A methridate, whose operation | 9 | ······˘/˘ |
| Keepes off, or cures what can be done or said. | 10 | ·········· |
| Yet, this is not your physicke, but your food, | 10 | ·········· |
| A dyet fit for you; for you are here | 9 | ········· |
| The first good Angell, since the worlds frame stood, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| That ever did in womans shape appeare. | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Since you are then Gods masterpeece, and so | 10 | ·········· |
| His Factor for our loves; do as you doe, | 10 | ·/˘·/····· |
| Make your returne home gracious; and bestow | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| This life on that; so make one life of two. | 10 | ·········· |
| For so God helpe mee,'I would not misse you there | 11 | ··········· |
| For all the good which you can do me here. | 10 | ·········· |
| overlooked 1633 reading:) high to sense and deepe-rooted | 12 | /˘·/˘·····/˘ |
| You have refin'd mee, and to worthyest things | 10 | ··˘/···/˘· |
| (Vertue, Art, Beauty, Fortune,) now I see | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Rarenesse, or use, not nature value brings; | 11 | ······/˘/˘· |
| And such, as they are circumstanc'd, they bee. | 10 | ·········· |
| Two ills can ne're perplexe us, sinne to'excuse; | 10 | ·········· |
| But of two good things, we may leave and chuse. | 10 | ·········· |
| Therefore at Court, which is not vertues clime, | 10 | ·········· |
| (Where a transcendent height, (as, lownesse mee) | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| Makes her not be, or not show) all my rime | 10 | ·········· |
| Your vertues challenge, which there rarest bee; | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| For, as darke texts need notes: there some must bee | 10 | ·········· |
| To usher vertue, and say, This is shee. | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| So in the country'is beauty; to this place | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| You are the season (Madame) you the day, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| 'Tis but a grave of spices, till your face | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Exhale them, and a thick close bud display. | 10 | ˘/······˘/ |
| Widow'd and reclus'd else, her sweets she'enshrines; | 10 | /˘········ |
| As China, when the Sunne at Brasill dines. | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Out from your chariot, morning breaks at night, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| And falsifies both computations so; | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘· |
| Since a new world doth rise here from your light, | 10 | ·········· |
| We your new creatures, by new recknings goe. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| This showes that you from nature lothly stray, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| That suffer not an artificiall day. | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘· |
| In this you'have made the Court the Antipodes, | 12 | ········˘/˘˘ |
| And will'd your Delegate, the vulgar Sunne, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| To doe profane autumnall offices, | 10 | ··˘/˘/˘/˘˘ |
| Whilst here to you, wee sacrificers runne; | 10 | ·········· |
| And whether Priests, or Organs, you wee'obey, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| We sound your influence, and your Dictates say. | 10 | ···/˘··/·· |
| Yet to that Deity which dwels in you, | 10 | ···/˘˘···· |
| Your vertuous Soule, I now not sacrifice; | 11 | ·/˘˘····/˘· |
| These are Petitions and not Hymnes; they sue | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| But that I may survay the edifice. | 10 | ·······/˘˘ |
| In all Religions as much care hath bin | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| Of Temples frames, and beauty,'as Rites within. | 11 | ·/˘··/˘···· |
| As all which goe to Rome, doe not thereby | 10 | ·········· |
| Esteeme religions, and hold fast the best, | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| But serve discourse, and curiosity, | 10 | ··/˘··˘/˘˘ |
| With that which doth religion but invest, | 10 | ····˘/˘·˘/ |
| And shunne th'entangling laborinths of Schooles, | 10 | ·········· |
| And make it wit, to thinke the wiser fooles: | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| So in this pilgrimage I would behold | 10 | ···/˘˘··˘/ |
| You as you'are vertues temple, not as shee, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| What walls of tender christall her enfold, | 10 | ···/˘/˘·˘/ |
| What eyes, hands, bosome, her pure Altars bee; | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| And after this survay, oppose to all | 10 | ······˘/·· |
| Bablers of Chappels, you th'Escuriall. | 10 | /˘˘·/˘···· |
| Yet not as consecrate, but merely'as faire, | 11 | ···/˘······ |
| On these I cast a lay and country eye. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Of past and future stories, which are rare, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| I finde you all record, and prophecie. | 10 | ····˘/···· |
| Purge but the booke of Fate, that it admit | 10 | ········˘/ |
| No sad nor guilty legends, you are it. | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| If good and lovely were not one, of both | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| You were the transcript, and originall, | 10 | ···/··˘/˘˘ |
| The Elements, the Parent, and the Growth, | 10 | ·/˘˘·/˘··· |
| And every peece of you, is both their All: | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| So'intire are all your deeds, and you, that you | 10 | ·········· |
| Must do the same thinge still; you cannot two. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| But these (as nice thinne Schoole divinity | 11 | ·······˘/˘˘ |
| Serves heresie to furder or represse) | 10 | ·········· |
| Tast of Poëtique rage, or flattery, | 9 | ······/˘˘ |
| And need not, where all hearts one truth professe; | 10 | ·········· |
| Oft from new proofes, and new phrase, new doubts grow, | 10 | ·········· |
| As strange attire aliens the men wee know. | 10 | ··˘//˘···· |
| Leaving then busie praise, and all appeale | 11 | /˘········· |
| To higher Courts, senses decree is true, | 10 | ·/˘·/˘˘/·· |
| The Mine, the Magazine, the Commonweale, | 11 | ···/˘······ |
| The story of beauty,'in Twicknam is, and you. | 12 | ·/˘·/˘······ |
| Who hath seene one, would both; As, who had bin | 10 | ·········· |
| In Paradise, would seeke the Cherubin. | 10 | ·/˘····/˘˘ |
Notes from the edition 11
Herbert Grierson's record of the readings of the early editions and manuscripts, from his Poems of John Donne (Oxford, 1912; Project Gutenberg #48688).
- Stanza 1, line 4 faire 1633-69, L74, N, TCD: farr B, Cy, D, H49, Lec, M, O'F, RP31, S, S96
- Stanza 2, line 4 1633 begins to bracket (Where ... not show) but does not finish, putting a colon after show: the others drop the larger brackets, retaining the smaller (as ... mee)
- Stanza 3, line 1 be] see 1669
- Stanza 3, line 3 and] or 1669
- Stanza 4, line 4 what] that Chambers
- Stanza 5, line 3 high top'd and deep rooted 1633, N, TCD: high to sense deepe-rooted 1635-54, O'F, Chambers (who has overlooked 1633 reading:) high to sense and deepe-rooted S96: high to sun and deepe-rooted L74, RP31, S: high do seem, deep-rooted 1669, Cy (but MS. with and): high to some, and deepe-rooted D, H49, Lec: high to seeme, and deepe-rooted B. See note
- Stanza 7, line 1 But Ed: But, 1633-69
- Stanza 9, line 4 This, 1635-69, B, Cy, D, H49, L74, Lec, N, O'F, RP31, S, TCD, Grosart and Chambers: Thy 1633, Grolier. See note
- Stanza 12, line 6 and prophecie] all prophecye B, D, H49, Lec, N, O'F, TCD prophecie.] prophecie, 1633 some copies
- Stanza 14, line 2 both 1633 and MSS.: worth 1635-69, O'F All: Ed: All, 1633-69
- Stanza 15, line 5 and] end 1669, not lend as in Chambers' note
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.