To the Countesse of Bedford

John Donne (1572–1631) · 1633

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 90 lines · from Poems

T'have written then, when you writ, seem'd to meeWorst of spirituall vices, Simony,And not t'have written then, seemes little lesseThen worst of civill vices, thanklessenesse.In this, my debt I seem'd loath to confesse,In that, I seem'd to shunne beholdingnesse.But 'tis not soe; nothings, as I am, mayPay all they have, and yet have all to pay.Such borrow in their payments, and owe moreBy having leave to write so, then before.Yet since rich mines in barren grounds are showne,May not I yeeld (not gold) but coale or stone?Temples were not demolish'd, though prophane:Here Peter Ioves, there Paul hath Dian's Fane.So whether my hymnes you admit or chuse,In me you'have hallowed a Pagan Muse,And denizend a stranger, who mistaughtBy blamers of the times they mard, hath soughtVertues in corners, which now bravely doeShine in the worlds best part, or all It; You.I have beene told, that vertue in Courtiers heartsSuffers an Ostracisme, and departs.Profit, ease, fitnesse, plenty, bid it goe,But whither, only knowing you, I know;Your (or you) vertue two vast uses serves,It ransomes one sex, and one Court preserves.There's nothing but your worth, which being true,Is knowne to any other, not to you:And you can never know it; To admitNo knowledge of your worth, is some of it.But since to you, your praises discords bee,Stoop, others ills to meditate with mee.Oh! to confesse wee know not what we should,Is halfe excuse; wee know not what we would:Lightnesse depresseth us, emptinesse fills,We sweat and faint, yet still goe downe the hills.As new Philosophy arrests the Sunne,And bids the passive earth about it runne,So wee have dull'd our minde, it hath no ends;Onely the bodie's busie, and pretends;As dead low earth ecclipses and controulesThe quick high Moone: so doth the body, Soules.In none but us, are such mixt engines found,As hands of double office: For, the groundWe till with them; and them to heav'n wee raise;Who prayer-lesse labours, or, without this, prayes,Doth but one halfe, that's none; He which said, PloughAnd looke not back, to looke up doth allow.Good seed degenerates, and oft obeyesThe soyles disease, and into cockle strayes;Let the minds thoughts be but transplanted so,Into the body,'and bastardly they grow.What hate could hurt our bodies like our love?Wee (but no forraine tyrants could) removeThese not ingrav'd, but inborne dignities,Caskets of soules; Temples, and Palaces:For, bodies shall from death redeemed bee,Soules but preserv'd, not naturally free.As men to'our prisons, new soules to us are sent,Which learne vice there, and come in innocent.First seeds of every creature are in us,What ere the world hath bad, or pretious,Mans body can produce, hence hath it beeneThat stones, wormes, frogges, and snakes in man are seene:But who ere saw, though nature can worke soe,That pearle, or gold, or corne in man did grow?We'have added to the world Virginia,'and sentTwo new starres lately to the firmament;Why grudge wee us (not heaven) the dignityT'increase with ours, those faire soules company.But I must end this letter, though it doeStand on two truths, neither is true to you,Vertue hath some perversenesse; For she willNeither beleeve her good, nor others ill.Even in you, vertues best paradise,Vertue hath some, but wise degrees of vice.Too many vertues, or too much of oneBegets in you unjust suspition;And ignorance of vice, makes vertue lesse,Quenching compassion of our wrechednesse.But these are riddles; Some aspersionOf vice becomes well some complexion.Statesmen purge vice with vice, and may corrodeThe bad with bad, a spider with a toad:For so, ill thralls not them, but they tame illAnd make her do much good against her will,But in your Commonwealth, or world in you,Vice hath no office, or good worke to doe.Take then no vitious purge, but be contentWith cordiall vertue, your knowne nourishment.

Words in this poem 17
spirituall a.
Consisting of spirit; not material; incorporeal; as, a spiritual substance or being. [L. spiritualis: cf. F. spirituel. See Spirit.]
civill a.
Pertaining to a city or state, or to a citizen in his relations to his fellow citizens or to the state; within the city or state. [L. civilis, fr. civis citizen: cf. F. civil. See City.]
loath a.
Hateful; odious; disliked. [OE. looth, loth, AS. la hostile, odious; akin to OS. l, G. leid, Icel. lei, Sw. led, G. leiden to suffer, OHG. lidan to suffer, go, cf. AS. li to go, Goth. leip]
shunne v. t.
To avoid; to keep clear of; to get out of the way of; to escape from; to eschew; as, to shun rocks, shoals, vice. [OE. shunien, schunien, schonien, AS. scunian, sceonian; cf. D. schuinen to slepe, schuin oblique, sloping, Icel. skunda, skynda, to hasten. Cf. Schooner, Scound]
borrow v. t.
To receive from another as a loan, with the implied or expressed intention of returning the identical article or its equivalent in kind; -- the opposite of lend. [OE. borwen, AS. borgian, fr. borg, borh, pledge; akin to D. borg, G. borg; prob. fr. root of AS. beorgan to protect. Borough.]
fane n.
A temple; a place consecrated to religion; a church. [L. fanum a place dedicated to some deity, a sanctuary, fr. fari to speak. See Fame.]
mistaught a.
Wrongly taught; as, a mistaught youth. L'Estrange. [See Misteach.]
bravely adv.
In a brave manner; courageously; gallantly; valiantly; splendidly; nobly.
whither adv.
To what place; -- used interrogatively; as, whither goest thou [OE. whider. AS. hwider; akin to E. where, who; cf. Goth. hvadre whither. See Who, and cf. Hither, Thither.]
cockle n.
A bivalve mollusk, with radiating ribs, of the genus Cardium, especially C. edule, used in Europe for food; -- sometimes applied to similar shells of other genera. [OE. cockes cockles, AS. s sea cockles, prob, from Celtic; cf. W. cocs cockles, Gael. cochull husk. Perh. influenced by EF. coquille shell, a dim. from the root ]
bastardly a.
Bastardlike; baseborn; spuripous; corrupt. -- adv.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
firmament n.
Fixed foundation; established basis. [L. firmamentum, fr. firmare to make firm: cf. F. firmament. See Firm, v. & a.]
aspersion n.
A sprinkling, as with water or dust, in a literal sense. [L. aspersio, fr. aspergere: cf. F. aspersion.]
complexion n.
The state of being complex; complexity. [F. complexion, fr. L. complexio. See Complex, a.]
commonwealth n.
A state; a body politic consisting of a certain number of men, united, by compact or tacit agreement, under one form of government and system of laws. [Common + wealth well-being.]
cordiall a.
Proceeding from the heart. [LL. cordialis, fr. L. cor heart: cf. F. cordial. See Heart.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

To the Countesse of Bedford is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poems of John Donne, Volume 1 (of 2) Edited from the Old Editions and Numerous Manuscripts, Project Gutenberg ebook #48688; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: John Donne, To the Countesse of Bedford, in Poems (1633), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #48688, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/donne-poems/to-the-countesse-of-bedford.html, id L19908.

Form and metre

To the Countesse of Bedford is 90 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets, 78% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 83%). 94% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.1 syllables. 11 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 25% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 --AAAABBCC--DDEEFFG-HHGGIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQRRSSTTSSUUVV--WWXX--YY--ZZ----aabbccddcceeff---- mee · simony · lesseA · thanklessenesseA · confesseA · beholdingnesseA · mayB · payB · moreC · beforeC · showne · stone · prophaneD · faneD · chuseE · museE · mistaughtF · soughtF · doeG · you · heartsH · departsH · goeG · knowG · servesI · preservesI · trueJ · youJ · admitK · itK · beeL · meeL · shouldM · wouldM · fillsN · hillsN · sunneO · runneO · endsP · pretendsP · controulesQ · soulesQ · foundR · groundR · raiseS · prayesS · ploughT · allowT · obeyesS · strayesS · soU · growU · loveV · removeV · dignities · palaces · beeW · freeW · sentX · innocentX · us · pretious · beeneY · seeneY · soe · grow · sentZ · firmamentZ · dignity · company · doe · you · willa · illa · paradiseb · viceb · onec · suspitionc · lessed · wrechednessed · aspersionc · complexionc · corrodee · toade · illf · willf · you · doe · content · nourishment
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
T'have written then, when you writ, seem'd to mee10·/˘·······
Worst of spirituall vices, Simony,11··/˘˘˘/˘/˘˘
And not t'have written then, seemes little lesse10···/˘··/˘·
Then worst of civill vices, thanklessenesse.11···/˘/˘····
In this, my debt I seem'd loath to confesse,10··········
In that, I seem'd to shunne beholdingnesse.10··········
But 'tis not soe; nothings, as I am, may10····/˘····
Pay all they have, and yet have all to pay.10··········
Such borrow in their payments, and owe more10·/···/˘···
By having leave to write so, then before.10·/˘·······
Yet since rich mines in barren grounds are showne,10·····/˘···
May not I yeeld (not gold) but coale or stone?10··········
Temples were not demolish'd, though prophane:10/˘··˘/˘·˘/
Here Peter Ioves, there Paul hath Dian's Fane.10·/˘····/˘·
So whether my hymnes you admit or chuse,10······˘/··
In me you'have hallowed a Pagan Muse,10····/˘·/˘·
And denizend a stranger, who mistaught10·····/˘·˘/
By blamers of the times they mard, hath sought10··········
Vertues in corners, which now bravely doe10···/˘··/˘·
Shine in the worlds best part, or all It; You.10··········
I have beene told, that vertue in Courtiers hearts11········/˘·
Suffers an Ostracisme, and departs.9/˘·····˘/
Profit, ease, fitnesse, plenty, bid it goe,10/˘···/˘···
But whither, only knowing you, I know;10·/˘/˘/˘···
Your (or you) vertue two vast uses serves,10·······/˘·
It ransomes one sex, and one Court preserves.10·/˘·····˘/
There's nothing but your worth, which being true,10·/˘····/˘·
Is knowne to any other, not to you:10···/˘/˘···
And you can never know it; To admit10···/˘···˘/
No knowledge of your worth, is some of it.10·/˘·······
But since to you, your praises discords bee,10·····/˘/˘·
Stoop, others ills to meditate with mee.10·/˘··/˘···
Oh! to confesse wee know not what we should,10··········
Is halfe excuse; wee know not what we would:10··˘/······
Lightnesse depresseth us, emptinesse fills,10··˘/˘·····
We sweat and faint, yet still goe downe the hills.10··········
As new Philosophy arrests the Sunne,10··˘/˘˘˘/··
And bids the passive earth about it runne,10···/˘·····
So wee have dull'd our minde, it hath no ends;10····/·····
Onely the bodie's busie, and pretends;10/˘·/˘···˘/
As dead low earth ecclipses and controules10··········
The quick high Moone: so doth the body, Soules.10·······/˘·
In none but us, are such mixt engines found,10·······/˘·
As hands of double office: For, the ground10···/˘/˘···
We till with them; and them to heav'n wee raise;10··········
Who prayer-lesse labours, or, without this, prayes,10···/˘·····
Doth but one halfe, that's none; He which said, Plough10··········
And looke not back, to looke up doth allow.10········˘/
Good seed degenerates, and oft obeyes10··˘/˘˘··˘/
The soyles disease, and into cockle strayes;10··˘/···/˘·
Let the minds thoughts be but transplanted so,10······˘/˘·
Into the body,'and bastardly they grow.11···/˘·/˘˘··
What hate could hurt our bodies like our love?10····//˘·/·
Wee (but no forraine tyrants could) remove10·····/˘·˘/
These not ingrav'd, but inborne dignities,10·······/˘˘
Caskets of soules; Temples, and Palaces:10/˘··/˘·/˘˘
For, bodies shall from death redeemed bee,10·/˘···˘/˘·
Soules but preserv'd, not naturally free.10··˘/·/˘˘˘·
As men to'our prisons, new soules to us are sent,11···/˘······
Which learne vice there, and come in innocent.10·······/˘˘
First seeds of every creature are in us,10···/˘/˘···
What ere the world hath bad, or pretious,9·········
Mans body can produce, hence hath it beene10·/˘·˘/····
That stones, wormes, frogges, and snakes in man are seene:10··········
But who ere saw, though nature can worke soe,10·····/˘···
That pearle, or gold, or corne in man did grow?10··········
We'have added to the world Virginia,'and sent12··/˘···˘/˘··
Two new starres lately to the firmament;10···/˘··/˘˘
Why grudge wee us (not heaven) the dignity11·····/˘·/˘˘
T'increase with ours, those faire soules company.11···/˘···/˘˘
But I must end this letter, though it doe10·····/˘···
Stand on two truths, neither is true to you,10····/˘····
Vertue hath some perversenesse; For she will11···········
Neither beleeve her good, nor others ill.10/˘·····/˘·
Even in you, vertues best paradise,10/˘·····/˘·
Vertue hath some, but wise degrees of vice.10······˘/··
Too many vertues, or too much of one10·/˘·······
Begets in you unjust suspition;9˘/··˘/···
And ignorance of vice, makes vertue lesse,10·/˘˘······
Quenching compassion of our wrechednesse.10/˘˘/˘·/···
But these are riddles; Some aspersion9···/˘·˘/˘
Of vice becomes well some complexion.9··˘/··˘/˘
Statesmen purge vice with vice, and may corrode10/˘······˘/
The bad with bad, a spider with a toad:10·····/˘···
For so, ill thralls not them, but they tame ill10··········
And make her do much good against her will,10··········
But in your Commonwealth, or world in you,10···/˘·····
Vice hath no office, or good worke to doe.10···/˘·····
Take then no vitious purge, but be content10········/˘
With cordiall vertue, your knowne nourishment.10·/˘····/˘˘
Notes from the edition 26

Herbert Grierson's record of the readings of the early editions and manuscripts, from his Poems of John Donne (Oxford, 1912; Project Gutenberg #48688).

  1. Line 5 debt 1669, N, O'F, TCD: doubt 1633-54
  2. Line 14 hath] have 1633: om. N, TCD (have inserted)
  3. Line 20 or all It; You. 1635-54: or all it, you. 1669, N, O'F, TCD: or all, in you. 1633 (you, some copies)
  4. Line 25 Your (or you) vertue O'F: Your, or you vertue, 1633-54: You, or you vertue, 1669
  5. Line 26 preserves. Ed: preserves; 1633-69
  6. Line 28 you:] you. 1633-39
  7. Line 30 is some] it some 1633
  8. Line 32 Stoop, others ills] Stoop (Stop 1633) others ills, 1633-54: Stoop others ills 1669
  9. Line 36 the hills. Ed: the hills; 1633-69
  10. Line 37 Philosophy. Phylosophy 1633 some copies, 1669
  11. Line 45 raise;] raise 1633
  12. Line 46 this,] these 1669
  13. Line 50 strayes; Ed: strayes. 1633-69
  14. Line 51 Let] Let but 1669
  15. Line 54 Wee (but no forraine tyrants could) remove Ed: Wee but no forraine tyrants could, remove O'F: Wee but no forraigne tyrants could remove, 1633-54 (tyrans 1633): We, but no forrain tyrants, could remove 1669, Chambers and Grolier. See note
  16. Line 55 dignities, Ed: dignities 1633-69
  17. Line 56 Palaces: 1633-35: Palaces. 1639-69
  18. Line 58 not naturally free. Ed: not naturally free; 1633, N, TCD: borne naturally free; 1635-69, O'F
  19. Line 59 prisons, new soules 1633: prisons now, soules 1635-69, O'F: prisons, now soules N, TCD
  20. Line 60 vice 1635-69, O'F: it 1633, N, TCD
  21. Line 66 That] That, 1633
  22. Line 74 ill.] ill, 1633-35
  23. Line 75 you, 1669: you 1635-54: your 1633
  24. Line 78 suspition; Ed: suspition. 1633-69
  25. Line 79 makes] make 1635-39
  26. Line 87 Commonwealth, ... you,] no commas 1633

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