To the Countesse of Bedford
You have refin'd mee, and to worthyest things(Vertue, Art, Beauty, Fortune,) now I seeRarenesse, or use, not nature value brings;And such, as they are circumstanc'd, they bee.Two ills can ne're perplexe us, sinne to'excuse;But of two good things, we may leave and chuse.
Therefore at Court, which is not vertues clime,(Where a transcendent height, (as, lownesse mee)Makes her not be, or not show) all my rimeYour vertues challenge, which there rarest bee;For, as darke texts need notes: there some must beeTo usher vertue, and say, This is shee.
So in the country'is beauty; to this placeYou are the season (Madame) you the day,'Tis but a grave of spices, till your faceExhale them, and a thick close bud display.Widow'd and reclus'd else, her sweets she'enshrines;As China, when the Sunne at Brasill dines.
Out from your chariot, morning breaks at night,And falsifies both computations so;Since a new world doth rise here from your light,We your new creatures, by new recknings goe.This showes that you from nature lothly stray,That suffer not an artificiall day.
In this you'have made the Court the Antipodes,And will'd your Delegate, the vulgar Sunne,To doe profane autumnall offices,Whilst here to you, wee sacrificers runne;And whether Priests, or Organs, you wee'obey,We sound your influence, and your Dictates say.
Yet to that Deity which dwels in you,Your vertuous Soule, I now not sacrifice;These are Petitions and not Hymnes; they sueBut that I may survay the edifice.In all Religions as much care hath binOf Temples frames, and beauty,'as Rites within.
As all which goe to Rome, doe not therebyEsteeme religions, and hold fast the best,But serve discourse, and curiosity,With that which doth religion but invest,And shunne th'entangling laborinths of Schooles,And make it wit, to thinke the wiser fooles:
So in this pilgrimage I would beholdYou as you'are vertues temple, not as shee,What walls of tender christall her enfold,What eyes, hands, bosome, her pure Altars bee;And after this survay, oppose to allBablers of Chappels, you th'Escuriall.
Yet not as consecrate, but merely'as faire,On these I cast a lay and country eye.Of past and future stories, which are rare,I finde you all record, and prophecie.Purge but the booke of Fate, that it admitNo sad nor guilty legends, you are it.
If good and lovely were not one, of bothYou were the transcript, and originall,The Elements, the Parent, and the Growth,And every peece of you, is both their All:So'intire are all your deeds, and you, that youMust do the same thinge still; you cannot two.
But these (as nice thinne Schoole divinityServes heresie to furder or represse)Tast of Poëtique rage, or flattery,And need not, where all hearts one truth professe;Oft from new proofes, and new phrase, new doubts grow,As strange attire aliens the men wee know.
Leaving then busie praise, and all appealeTo higher Courts, senses decree is true,The Mine, the Magazine, the Commonweale,The story of beauty,'in Twicknam is, and you.Who hath seene one, would both; As, who had binIn Paradise, would seeke the Cherubin.
Words in this poem
- sinne adv.
- Old form of Since. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.]
- clime n.
- A climate; a tract or region of the earth. See Climate. [L. clima. See Climate.]
- rime n.
- A rent or long aperture; a chink; a fissure; a crack. Sir T. [L. rima.]
- madame n.
- My lady; -- a French title formerly given to ladies of quality; now, in France, given to all married women. [F., fr. ma my (L. mea) + dame dame. See Dame, and cf. Madonna.]
- artificiall a.
- Made or contrived by art; produced or modified by human skill and labor, in opposition to natural; as, artificial heat or light, gems, salts, minerals, fountains, flowers. [L. artificialis, fr. artificium: cf. F. artificiel. See Artifice.]
- antipodes n.
- Those who live on the side of the globe diametrically opposite.
- autumnall a.
- Of, belonging to, or peculiar to, autumn; as, an autumnal tint; produced or gathered in autumn; as, autumnal fruits; flowering in autumn; as, an autumnal plant. [L. auctumnalis, autumnalis: cf. F. automnal.]
- vertuous a.
- Virtuous; powerful.
- curiosity n.
- The state or quality or being curious; nicety; accuracy; exactness; elaboration. [OE. curiouste, curiosite, OF. curioseté, curiosité, F. curiosit, fr. L. curiositas, fr. curiosus. See Currious, and cf. Curio.]
- shunne v. t.
- To avoid; to keep clear of; to get out of the way of; to escape from; to eschew; as, to shun rocks, shoals, vice. [OE. shunien, schunien, schonien, AS. scunian, sceonian; cf. D. schuinen to slepe, schuin oblique, sloping, Icel. skunda, skynda, to hasten. Cf. Schooner, Scound]
- pilgrimage n.
- The journey of a pilgrim; a long journey; especially, a journey to a shrine or other sacred place. Fig., the journey of human life. [OE. pilgrimage, pelgrinage; cf. F. pèlerinage.]
- enfold v. t.
- To infold. See Infold.
- thinne a.
- Having little thickness or extent from one surface to its opposite; as, a thin plate of metal; thin paper; a thin board; a thin covering. [OE. thinne, thenne, thunne, AS. þynne; akin to D. dun, G. dünn, OHG. dunni, Icel. þunnr, Sw. tunn, Dan. tynd, Gael. & Ir. tana, W. teneu, L. tenuis, Gr. tanu th]
- cherubin a.
- Cherubic; angelic.
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
To the Countesse of Bedford is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poems of John Donne, Volume 1 (of 2) Edited from the Old Editions and Numerous Manuscripts, Project Gutenberg ebook #48688; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: John Donne, To the Countesse of Bedford, in Poems (1633), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #48688, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/donne-poems/to-the-countesse-of-bedford-4.html, id L20841.
Form and metre
To the Countesse of Bedford is 72 lines in 12 stanzas of 6 lines each. The rhyme scheme is ABABCC, complete in 9 of its 12 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 83%). 92% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.2 syllables. 25% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 ABABCC thingsA · seeB · bringsA · beeB · to'excuseC · chuseC
- 2 ABABBB climeA · meeB · rimeA · beeB · beeB · sheeB
- 3 ABABCC placeA · dayB · faceA · displayB · she'enshrinesC · dinesC
- 4 ABABCC nightA · soB · lightA · goeB · strayC · dayC
- 5 -A-A-- antipodes · sunneA · offices · runneA · wee'obey · say
- 6 ABABCC youA · sacrificeB · sueA · edificeB · binC · withinC
- 7 -A-ABB thereby · bestA · curiosity · investA · schoolesB · foolesB
- 8 ABABCC beholdA · sheeB · enfoldA · beeB · allC · th'escuriallC
- 9 ABABCC faireA · eyeB · rareA · prophecieB · admitC · itC
- 10 ABABCC bothA · originallB · growthA · allB · youC · twoC
- 11 ABABCC divinityA · represseB · flatteryA · professeB · growC · knowC
- 12 ABABCC appealeA · trueB · commonwealeA · youB · binC · cherubinC
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| You have refin'd mee, and to worthyest things | 10 | ··˘/···/˘· |
| (Vertue, Art, Beauty, Fortune,) now I see | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Rarenesse, or use, not nature value brings; | 11 | ······/˘/˘· |
| And such, as they are circumstanc'd, they bee. | 10 | ·········· |
| Two ills can ne're perplexe us, sinne to'excuse; | 10 | ·········· |
| But of two good things, we may leave and chuse. | 10 | ·········· |
| Therefore at Court, which is not vertues clime, | 10 | ·········· |
| (Where a transcendent height, (as, lownesse mee) | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| Makes her not be, or not show) all my rime | 10 | ·········· |
| Your vertues challenge, which there rarest bee; | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| For, as darke texts need notes: there some must bee | 10 | ·········· |
| To usher vertue, and say, This is shee. | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| So in the country'is beauty; to this place | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| You are the season (Madame) you the day, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| 'Tis but a grave of spices, till your face | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Exhale them, and a thick close bud display. | 10 | ˘/······˘/ |
| Widow'd and reclus'd else, her sweets she'enshrines; | 10 | /˘········ |
| As China, when the Sunne at Brasill dines. | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Out from your chariot, morning breaks at night, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| And falsifies both computations so; | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘· |
| Since a new world doth rise here from your light, | 10 | ·········· |
| We your new creatures, by new recknings goe. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| This showes that you from nature lothly stray, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| That suffer not an artificiall day. | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘· |
| In this you'have made the Court the Antipodes, | 12 | ········˘/˘˘ |
| And will'd your Delegate, the vulgar Sunne, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| To doe profane autumnall offices, | 10 | ··˘/˘/˘/˘˘ |
| Whilst here to you, wee sacrificers runne; | 10 | ·········· |
| And whether Priests, or Organs, you wee'obey, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| We sound your influence, and your Dictates say. | 10 | ···/˘··/·· |
| Yet to that Deity which dwels in you, | 10 | ···/˘˘···· |
| Your vertuous Soule, I now not sacrifice; | 11 | ·/˘˘····/˘· |
| These are Petitions and not Hymnes; they sue | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| But that I may survay the edifice. | 10 | ·······/˘˘ |
| In all Religions as much care hath bin | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| Of Temples frames, and beauty,'as Rites within. | 11 | ·/˘··/˘···· |
| As all which goe to Rome, doe not thereby | 10 | ·········· |
| Esteeme religions, and hold fast the best, | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| But serve discourse, and curiosity, | 10 | ··/˘··˘/˘˘ |
| With that which doth religion but invest, | 10 | ····˘/˘·˘/ |
| And shunne th'entangling laborinths of Schooles, | 10 | ·········· |
| And make it wit, to thinke the wiser fooles: | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| So in this pilgrimage I would behold | 10 | ···/˘˘··˘/ |
| You as you'are vertues temple, not as shee, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| What walls of tender christall her enfold, | 10 | ···/˘/˘·˘/ |
| What eyes, hands, bosome, her pure Altars bee; | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| And after this survay, oppose to all | 10 | ······˘/·· |
| Bablers of Chappels, you th'Escuriall. | 10 | /˘˘·/˘···· |
| Yet not as consecrate, but merely'as faire, | 11 | ···/˘······ |
| On these I cast a lay and country eye. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Of past and future stories, which are rare, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| I finde you all record, and prophecie. | 10 | ····˘/···· |
| Purge but the booke of Fate, that it admit | 10 | ········˘/ |
| No sad nor guilty legends, you are it. | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| If good and lovely were not one, of both | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| You were the transcript, and originall, | 10 | ···/··˘/˘˘ |
| The Elements, the Parent, and the Growth, | 10 | ·/˘˘·/˘··· |
| And every peece of you, is both their All: | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| So'intire are all your deeds, and you, that you | 10 | ·········· |
| Must do the same thinge still; you cannot two. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| But these (as nice thinne Schoole divinity | 11 | ·······˘/˘˘ |
| Serves heresie to furder or represse) | 10 | ·········· |
| Tast of Poëtique rage, or flattery, | 9 | ······/˘˘ |
| And need not, where all hearts one truth professe; | 10 | ·········· |
| Oft from new proofes, and new phrase, new doubts grow, | 10 | ·········· |
| As strange attire aliens the men wee know. | 10 | ··˘//˘···· |
| Leaving then busie praise, and all appeale | 11 | /˘········· |
| To higher Courts, senses decree is true, | 10 | ·/˘·/˘˘/·· |
| The Mine, the Magazine, the Commonweale, | 11 | ···/˘······ |
| The story of beauty,'in Twicknam is, and you. | 12 | ·/˘·/˘······ |
| Who hath seene one, would both; As, who had bin | 10 | ·········· |
| In Paradise, would seeke the Cherubin. | 10 | ·/˘····/˘˘ |
Notes from the edition 20
Herbert Grierson's record of the readings of the early editions and manuscripts, from his Poems of John Donne (Oxford, 1912; Project Gutenberg #48688).
- Stanza 1, line 5 ne're] nere 1633
- Stanza 1, line 6 and] or 1669
- Stanza 2, line 2 1633 begins to bracket (Where ... not show) but does not finish, putting a colon after show: the others drop the larger brackets, retaining the smaller (as ... mee)
- Stanza 2, line 3 be] see 1669
- Stanza 2, line 5 notes: there some 1633-54: notes some: there 1669
- Stanza 3, line 5 enshrines; 1719: enshrines 1633-69
- Stanza 4, line 2 computations so; 1633-69: computations; so, Chambers
- Stanza 7, line 6 fooles:] fooles. 1633
- Stanza 8, line 6 Bablers 1633: Babblers 1635-54: Builders 1669
- Stanza 9, line 1 faire, Ed: faire; 1633-69
- Stanza 9, line 2 eye.] eye, 1633
- Stanza 9, line 4 and prophecie] all prophecye B, D, H49, Lec, N, O'F, TCD prophecie.] prophecie, 1633 some copies
- Stanza 10, line 3 Parent] Parents 1669 Growth, 1669: Growth 1633-54
- Stanza 10, line 4 both 1633 and MSS.: worth 1635-69, O'F All: Ed: All, 1633-69
- Stanza 10, line 6 thinge B, Cy, D, H40, H49, N, O'F: things 1633-69, Lec
- Stanza 11, line 1 nice thinne 1633-54: nicest 1669
- Stanza 11, line 6 aliens 1633, 1669 and MSS.: alters 1635-54, O'F
- Stanza 12, line 1 and] end 1669, not lend as in Chambers' note
- Stanza 12, line 2 true, 1633: true. 1635-69
- Stanza 12, line 5 had bin 1633-35: hath bin 1639-69. See note
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