To Sr Henry Wotton
Sir, more then kisses, letters mingle Soules;For, thus friends absent speake. This ease controulesThe tediousnesse of my life: But for theseI could ideate nothing, which could please,But I should wither in one day, and passeTo'a bottle'of Hay, that am a locke of Grasse.Life is a voyage, and in our lifes wayesCountries, Courts, Towns are Rockes, or Remoraes;They breake or stop all ships, yet our state's such,That though then pitch they staine worse, wee must touch.If in the furnace of the even line,Or under th'adverse icy poles thou pine,Thou know'st two temperate Regions girded in,Dwell there: But Oh, what refuge canst thou winneParch'd in the Court, and in the country frozen?Shall cities, built of both extremes, be chosen?Can dung and garlike be'a perfume? or canA Scorpion and Torpedo cure a man?Cities are worst of all three; of all three(O knottie riddle) each is worst equally.Cities are Sepulchers; they who dwell thereAre carcases, as if no such there were.And Courts are Theaters, where some men playPrinces, some slaves, all to one end, and of one clay.The Country is a desert, where no good,Gain'd (as habits, not borne,) is understood.There men become beasts, and prone to more evils;In cities blockes, and in a lewd court, devills.As in the first Chaos confusedlyEach elements qualities were in the'other three;So pride, lust, covetize, being feverallTo these three places, yet all are in all,And mingled thus, their issue incestuous.Falshood is denizon'd. Virtue is barbarous.Let no man say there, Virtues flintie wallShall locke vice in mee, I'll do none, but know all.Men are spunges, which to poure out, receive,Who know false play, rather then lose, deceive.For in best understandings, sinne beganne,Angels sinn'd first, then Devills, and then man.Onely perchance beast sinne not; wretched weeAre beasts in all, but white integritie.I thinke if men, which in these places liveDurst looke for themselves, and themselves retrive,They would like strangers greet themselves, seeing thanUtopian youth, growne old Italian.Be thou thine owne home, and in thy selfe dwell;Inne any where, continuance maketh hell.And seeing the snaile, which every where doth rome,Carrying his owne house still, still is at home,Follow (for he is easie pac'd) this snaile,Bee thine owne Palace, or the world's thy gaile.And in the worlds sea, do not like corke sleepeUpon the waters face; nor in the deepeSinke like a lead without a line: but asFishes glide, leaving no print where they passe,Nor making sound; so closely thy course goe,let men dispute, whether thou breathe, or no.Onely'in this one thing, be no Galenist: To makeCourts hot ambitions wholesome, do not takeA dramme of Countries dulnesse; do not addeCorrectives, but as chymiques, purge the bad.Say o'er those lessons, which I learn'd of you:Whom, free from German schismes, and lightnessOf France, and faire Italies faithlesnesse,Having from these suck'd all they had of worth,And brought home that faith, which you carried forth,I throughly love. But if my selfe, I'have wonneTo know my rules, I have, and you haveDONNE:
The Country is a desert, where no good,Gain'd, as habits, not borne, is understood.
The Country is a desert, where the good,Gain'd inhabits not, borne, is not understood.
The Country is a desert, where noe goodGain'd doth inhabit, nor born's understood.
Words in this poem
- ideate n.
- The actual existence supposed to correspond with an idea; the correlate in real existence to the idea as a thought or existence. [LL. ideatum. See Idea.]
- passe a.
- Past; gone by; hence, past one's prime; worn; faded; as, a passée belle. Ld. Lytton. [F.]
- dwell v. i.
- To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
- winne v. t.
- To gain by superiority in competition or contest; to obtain by victory over competitors or rivals; as, to win the prize in a gate; to win money; to win a battle, or to win a country. [OE. winnen, AS. winnan to strive, labor, fight, endure; akin to OFries. winna, OS. winnan, D. winnen to win, gain, G. gewinnen, OHG. winnan to strive, struggle,]
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- lewd a.
- Not clerical; laic; laical; hence, unlearned; simple. [OE.lewed, lewd, lay, ignorant, vile, AS. l laical, belonging to the laity.]
- chaos n.
- An empty, immeasurable space; a yawning chasm. [L. chaos chaos (in senses 1 & 2), Gr. Chasm.]
- lust v. i.
- To list; to like. [AS. lystan. See Lust, n., and cf. List to choose.]
- sinne adv.
- Old form of Since. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.]
- galenist n.
- A follower of Galen.
- dramme n.
- A weight; in Apothecaries' weight, one eighth part of an ounce, or sixty grains; in Avoirdupois weight, one sixteenth part of an ounce, or 27.34375 grains. [OF. drame, F. drachme, L. drachma, drachm, drachma, fr. Gr. Drachm, Drachma.]
- wonne v. i.
- To dwell or abide. [See 1st Wone.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
To Sr Henry Wotton is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poems of John Donne, Volume 1 (of 2) Edited from the Old Editions and Numerous Manuscripts, Project Gutenberg ebook #48688; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: John Donne, To Sr Henry Wotton, in Poems (1633), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #48688, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/donne-poems/to-sr-henry-wotton.html, id L19902.
Form and metre
To Sr Henry Wotton is 76 lines in 4 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 68% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 81%). 90% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.1 syllables. 10 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 33% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 AABB--CCDDEEEEEEEE----FFGG----HH--HHIIJJ--KKLLMMNNOOPP--QQRRSS-TT--U-U soulesA · controulesA · theseB · pleaseB · passe · grasse · wayesC · remoraesC · suchD · touchD · lineE · pineE · inE · winneE · frozenE · chosenE · canE · manE · three · equally · there · were · playF · clayF · goodG · understoodG · evils · devills · confusedly · three · feverallH · allH · incestuous · barbarous · wallH · allH · receiveI · deceiveI · beganneJ · manJ · wee · integritie · liveK · retriveK · thanL · italianL · dwellM · hellM · romeN · homeN · snaileO · gaileO · sleepeP · deepeP · as · passe · goeQ · noQ · makeR · takeR · addeS · badS · you · lightnessT · faithlesnesseT · worth · forth · wonneU · have · donneU
- 2 AA goodA · understoodA
- 3 AA goodA · understoodA
- 4 AA goodA · understoodA
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Sir, more then kisses, letters mingle Soules; | 10 | ···/˘/˘/˘· |
| For, thus friends absent speake. This ease controules | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| The tediousnesse of my life: But for these | 10 | ·········· |
| I could ideate nothing, which could please, | 10 | ··˘/˘/˘··· |
| But I should wither in one day, and passe | 11 | ···/˘·····/ |
| To'a bottle'of Hay, that am a locke of Grasse. | 11 | /˘········· |
| Life is a voyage, and in our lifes wayes | 10 | ···/˘··/·· |
| Countries, Courts, Towns are Rockes, or Remoraes; | 9 | /˘······· |
| They breake or stop all ships, yet our state's such, | 10 | ·······/·· |
| That though then pitch they staine worse, wee must touch. | 10 | ·········· |
| If in the furnace of the even line, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Or under th'adverse icy poles thou pine, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Thou know'st two temperate Regions girded in, | 10 | ···/˘/˘/˘· |
| Dwell there: But Oh, what refuge canst thou winne | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Parch'd in the Court, and in the country frozen? | 11 | ·······/˘/˘ |
| Shall cities, built of both extremes, be chosen? | 11 | ·/˘···˘/·/˘ |
| Can dung and garlike be'a perfume? or can | 10 | ······˘/·· |
| A Scorpion and Torpedo cure a man? | 10 | ·/˘·˘/···· |
| Cities are worst of all three; of all three | 10 | /˘········ |
| (O knottie riddle) each is worst equally. | 11 | ···/˘···/˘˘ |
| Cities are Sepulchers; they who dwell there | 10 | /˘········ |
| Are carcases, as if no such there were. | 10 | ·········· |
| And Courts are Theaters, where some men play | 10 | ···/˘˘···· |
| Princes, some slaves, all to one end, and of one clay. | 12 | /˘·········· |
| The Country is a desert, where no good, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Gain'd (as habits, not borne,) is understood. | 10 | ··/˘····˘/ |
| There men become beasts, and prone to more evils; | 11 | ··˘/·····/˘ |
| In cities blockes, and in a lewd court, devills. | 11 | ·/˘······/˘ |
| As in the first Chaos confusedly | 10 | ····/˘˘/˘˘ |
| Each elements qualities were in the'other three; | 10 | ·/˘/˘····· |
| So pride, lust, covetize, being feverall | 10 | ······/··· |
| To these three places, yet all are in all, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| And mingled thus, their issue incestuous. | 10 | ·/˘··/˘˘/˘ |
| Falshood is denizon'd. Virtue is barbarous. | 11 | ······/˘·/˘ |
| Let no man say there, Virtues flintie wall | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Shall locke vice in mee, I'll do none, but know all. | 11 | ··········· |
| Men are spunges, which to poure out, receive, | 10 | ········˘/ |
| Who know false play, rather then lose, deceive. | 10 | ····/˘··˘/ |
| For in best understandings, sinne beganne, | 10 | ···˘˘/˘·˘/ |
| Angels sinn'd first, then Devills, and then man. | 10 | /˘···/˘··· |
| Onely perchance beast sinne not; wretched wee | 10 | /˘˘/···/˘· |
| Are beasts in all, but white integritie. | 10 | ·········· |
| I thinke if men, which in these places live | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Durst looke for themselves, and themselves retrive, | 10 | ···˘/·˘/·· |
| They would like strangers greet themselves, seeing than | 10 | ···/˘·˘//· |
| Utopian youth, growne old Italian. | 10 | ˘/˘˘···˘/˘ |
| Be thou thine owne home, and in thy selfe dwell; | 10 | ·········· |
| Inne any where, continuance maketh hell. | 10 | ·/˘·˘/˘··· |
| And seeing the snaile, which every where doth rome, | 11 | ·/····/˘··· |
| Carrying his owne house still, still is at home, | 10 | /˘········ |
| Follow (for he is easie pac'd) this snaile, | 11 | /˘········· |
| Bee thine owne Palace, or the world's thy gaile. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| And in the worlds sea, do not like corke sleepe | 10 | ·········· |
| Upon the waters face; nor in the deepe | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Sinke like a lead without a line: but as | 10 | ·········· |
| Fishes glide, leaving no print where they passe, | 11 | /˘·/˘·····/ |
| Nor making sound; so closely thy course goe, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| let men dispute, whether thou breathe, or no. | 10 | ··˘/······ |
| Onely'in this one thing, be no Galenist: To make | 13 | ············· |
| Courts hot ambitions wholesome, do not take | 10 | ··˘/˘/˘··· |
| A dramme of Countries dulnesse; do not adde | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Correctives, but as chymiques, purge the bad. | 10 | ˘/˘······· |
| Say o'er those lessons, which I learn'd of you: | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Whom, free from German schismes, and lightness | 10 | ···/˘/˘·/˘ |
| Of France, and faire Italies faithlesnesse, | 10 | ····/˘˘··· |
| Having from these suck'd all they had of worth, | 10 | /˘········ |
| And brought home that faith, which you carried forth, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| I throughly love. But if my selfe, I'have wonne | 11 | ·/˘········ |
| To know my rules, I have, and you have | 9 | ········· |
| DONNE: | 1 | · |
| The Country is a desert, where no good, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Gain'd, as habits, not borne, is understood. | 10 | ··/˘····˘/ |
| The Country is a desert, where the good, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Gain'd inhabits not, borne, is not understood. | 11 | ·˘/˘·····˘/ |
| The Country is a desert, where noe good | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Gain'd doth inhabit, nor born's understood. | 10 | ··˘/˘···˘/ |
Notes from the edition 23
Herbert Grierson's record of the readings of the early editions and manuscripts, from his Poems of John Donne (Oxford, 1912; Project Gutenberg #48688).
- Stanza 1, line 4 I could invent nothing at all to please, 1669
- Stanza 1, line 6 bottle] botle 1633 To a lock of hay, that am a Bottle of grass. 1669
- Stanza 1, line 7 lifes 1633: lives 1635-69
- Stanza 1, line 10 though ... worse, in brackets 1650-69
- Stanza 1, line 11 even 1669, A18, A25, B, Cy, D, H49, HN, JC, Lec, N, O'F, S96, TC, W: raging 1633-54: other P: over S
- Stanza 1, line 12 poles A25, B, Cy, D, H49, JC, Lec, P, O'F, S, W: pole 1633-69, A18, HN, N, TC
- Stanza 1, line 16 cities, ... extremes, Ed: cities ... extremes 1633-69
- Stanza 1, line 17 dung and garlike 1633, A18, B, D, H49, JC, Lec, N, TC, W (dung, 1633): dung, or garlike 1635-69, A25, Cy, O'F, P, S a perfume] a om. 1635-54, Chambers
- Stanza 1, line 19 of all three 1633: of all three? 1635-69
- Stanza 1, line 24 and of one clay. 1633 and MSS. generally: of one clay. 1635-39: of one day. 1650-54: and at one daye. A25: Princes, some slaves, and all end in one day. 1669
- Stanza 1, line 27 more 1633, A25, W: meere Cy, D, H49, JC, Lec, S96: men (a slip for mere) A18, N, TC: all 1635-69. See note
- Stanza 1, line 33 issue incestuous, 1633, A18, D, H49, JC, Lec, N, TC, W: issue is incestuous. 1635-69, P, S: issues monsterous. A25
- Stanza 1, line 35 there] then Lec
- Stanza 1, line 44 for themselves, A18, A25, B, D, H49, HN, JC, Lec, N, S, S96, TC, W: in themselves, 1633-69: into themselves, themselves retrive, Cy, O'F, P
- Stanza 1, line 45 than] then 1663
- Stanza 1, line 45 than ... Italian.] that ... Italianate. Cy, P
- Stanza 1, line 47 Be thou 1633, Lec: Be then 1635-69 and MSS.
- Stanza 1, line 50 home, Ed: home. 1633: home: 1635-69
- Stanza 1, line 52 gaile. 1635-69: goale; 1633
- Stanza 1, line 57 so D, W: so 1633-69
- Stanza 1, line 58 breathe,] breath, 1633
- Stanza 1, line 63 you:] you. 1633
- Stanza 1, line 64 German 1633 and all MSS.: Germanies 1635-69, Grosart and Chambers (without note)
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.