Sancta Maria Dolorvm, or the Mother of Sorrows

Richard Crashaw (1613–1649) · 1646–1652

iambic tetrameter · octosyllabic couplets · 110 lines · from Steps to the Temple and Other Poems

In shade of Death's sad treeStood dolefull shee.Ah she! now by none otherName to be known, alas, but Sorrow's Mother.Before her eyes,Her's, and the whole World's ioyes,Hanging all torn she sees; and in His woesAnd paines, her pangs and throes:Each wound of His, from euery part,All, more at home in her one heart.

What kind of marble, than,Is that cold manWho can look on and see,Nor keep such noble sorrowes company?Sure eu'en from you(My flints) some drops are due,To see so many unkind swords contestSo fast for one soft brest:While with a faithfull, mutuall floud,Her eyes bleed teares, His wounds weep blood.

O costly intercourseOf deaths, and worse--Diuided loues. While Son and motherDiscourse alternate wounds to one another,Quick deaths that growAnd gather, as they come and goe:His nailes write swords in her, which soon her heartPayes back, with more then their own smart.Her swords, still growing with His pain,Turn speares, and straight come home again.

She sees her Son, her God,Bow with a loadOf borrow'd sins; and swimmeIn woes that were not made for Him.Ah! hard commandOf loue! Here must she stand,Charg'd to look on, and with a stedfast eySee her life dy:Leauing her only so much breathAs serues to keep aliue her death.

O mother turtle-doue!Soft sourse of loue!That these dry lidds might borrowSomthing from thy full seas of sorrow!O in that brestOf thine (the noblest nestBoth of Loue's fires and flouds) might I reclineThis hard, cold heart of mine!The chill lump would relent, and proueSoft subject for the seige of Loue.

O teach those wounds to bleedIn me; me, so to readThis book of loues, thus writIn lines of death, my life may coppy itWith loyall cares.O let me, here, claim shares!Yeild somthing in thy sad praerogatiue(Great queen of greifes), and giueMe, too, my teares; who, though all stone,Think much that thou shouldst mourn alone.

Yea, let my life and meFix here with thee,And at the humble footOf this fair tree, take our eternall root.That so we mayAt least be in Loue's way;And in these chast warres, while the wing'd wounds fleeSo fast 'twixt Him and thee,My brest may catch the kisse of some kind dart,Though as at second hand, from either heart.

O you, your own best darts,Dear, dolefull hearts!Hail! and strike home, and make me seeThat wounded bosomes their own weapons be.Come wounds! come darts!Nail'd hands! and peirced hearts!Come your whole selues, Sorrow's great Son and mother!Nor grudge a yonger brotherOf greifes his portion, who (had all their due)One single wound should not haue left for you.

Shall I, sett thereSo deep a share(Dear wounds), and onely nowIn sorrows draw no diuidend with you?O be more wise,If not more soft, mine eyes!Flow, tardy founts! and into decent showresDissolue my dayes and howres.And if thou yet (faint soul!) desertTo bleed with Him, fail not to weep with her.

Rich queen, lend some releife;At least an almes of greifTo' a heart who by sad right of sinCould proue the whole summe (too sure) due to him.By all those stingsOf Loue, sweet-bitter things,Which these torn hands transcrib'd on thy true heart;O teach mine too the artTo study Him so, till we mixWounds, and become one crucifix.

O let me suck the wineSo long of this chast Vine,Till drunk of the dear wounds, I beA lost thing to the world, as it to me.O faithfull friendOf me and of my end!Fold vp my life in loue; and lay't beneathMy dear Lord's vitall death.Lo, heart, thy hope's whole plea! her pretious breathPour'd out in prayrs for thee; thy Lord's in death.

Words in this poem

dolefull a.
Full of dole or grief; expressing or exciting sorrow; sorrowful; sad; dismal.
unkind a.
Having no race or kindred; childless. [See Kin kindred.]
faithfull a.
Full of faith, or having faith; disposed to believe, especially in the declarations and promises of God.
mutuall a.
Reciprocally acting or related; reciprocally receiving and giving; reciprocally given and received; reciprocal; interchanged; as, a mutual love, advantage, assistance, aversion, etc. [F. mutuel, L. mutuus, orig., exchanged, borrowed, lent; akin to mutare to change. See Mutable.]
swimme v. i.
To be supported by water or other fluid; not to sink; to float; as, any substance will swim, whose specific gravity is less than that of the fluid in which it is immersed. [AS. swimman; akin to D. zwemmen, OHG. swimman, G. schwimmen, Icel. svimma, Dan. swömme, Sw. simma. Cf. Sound an air bladder, a strait.]
borrow v. t.
To receive from another as a loan, with the implied or expressed intention of returning the identical article or its equivalent in kind; -- the opposite of lend. [OE. borwen, AS. borgian, fr. borg, borh, pledge; akin to D. borg, G. borg; prob. fr. root of AS. beorgan to protect. Borough.]
relent v. i.
To become less rigid or hard; to yield; to dissolve; to melt; to deliquesce. [F. ralentir, fr. L. pref. re- re- + ad to + lentus pliant, flexible, slow. See Lithe.]
loyall a.
Faithful to law; upholding the lawful authority; faithful and true to the lawful government; faithful to the prince or sovereign to whom one is subject; unswerving in allegiance. [F. loyal, OF. loial, leial, L. legalis, fr. lex, legis, law. See Legal, and cf. Leal.]
eternall a.
Without beginning or end of existence; always existing. [F. éternel, L. aeternalis, fr. aeternus. See Etern.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
summe n.
The aggregate of two or more numbers, magnitudes, quantities, or particulars; the amount or whole of any number of individuals or particulars added together; as, the sum of 5 and 7 is 12. [OE. summe, somme, OF. sume, some, F. somme, L. summa, fr. summus highest, a superlative from sub under. See Sub-, and cf. Supreme.]
crucifix n.
A representation in art of the figure of Christ upon the cross; esp., the sculptured figure affixed to a real cross of wood, ivory, metal, or the like, used by the Roman Catholics in their devotions. [F. crucifix or LL. crucifixum, fr. L. crux, crucis, cross + figere, fixum, to fix. See Cross, and Fix, and cf. Crucify.]
vitall a.
Belonging or relating to life, either animal or vegetable; as, vital energies; vital functions; vital actions. [F., fr. L. vitalis, fr. vita life; akin to vivere to live. See Vivid.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Sancta Maria Dolorvm, or the Mother of Sorrows is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Works of Richard Crashaw, Volume I, Project Gutenberg ebook #38549; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Richard Crashaw, Sancta Maria Dolorvm, or the Mother of Sorrows, in Steps to the Temple and Other Poems (1646–1652), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #38549, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/crashaw-poems/sancta-maria-dolorvm-or-the-mother-of-sorrows.html, id L12020.

Form and metre

Sancta Maria Dolorvm, or the Mother of Sorrows is 110 lines in 11 stanzas of 10 lines each. It is in rhyming couplets, 78% of the lines: octosyllabic couplets. This poem did not settle on a metre of its own; the book it comes from is in iambic tetrameter. 98% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 7.1 syllables. 12 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 43% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in octosyllabic couplets, other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABB--CCDD treeA · sheeA · otherB · motherB · eyes · ioyes · woesC · throesC · partD · heartD
  2. 2 AA--BBCC-- thanA · manA · see · company · youB · dueB · contestC · brestC · floud · blood
  3. 3 --AABBCCDD intercourse · worse · motherA · anotherA · growB · goeB · heartC · smartC · painD · againD
  4. 4 --AABB--CC god · load · swimmeA · himA · commandB · standB · ey · dy · breathC · deathC
  5. 5 AA--BBCCAA doueA · loueA · borrow · sorrow · brestB · nestB · reclineC · mineC · proueA · loueA
  6. 6 AABBCCDDEE bleedA · readA · writB · itB · caresC · sharesC · praerogatiueD · giueD · stoneE · aloneE
  7. 7 AA--BBAACC meA · theeA · foot · root · mayB · wayB · fleeA · theeA · dartC · heartC
  8. 8 AABBAACCDD dartsA · heartsA · seeB · beB · dartsA · heartsA · motherC · brotherC · dueD · youD
  9. 9 AA--BBCC-- thereA · shareA · now · you · wiseB · eyesB · showresC · howresC · desert · her
  10. 10 AA--BBCCDD releifeA · greifA · sin · him · stingsB · thingsB · heartC · artC · mixD · crucifixD
  11. 11 AABBCC-DDD wineA · vineA · beB · meB · friendC · endC · beneath · deathD · breathD · deathD
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
In shade of Death's sad tree6······
Stood dolefull shee.4·/˘·
Ah she! now by none other7·····/˘
Name to be known, alas, but Sorrow's Mother.11····˘/·/˘/˘
Before her eyes,4····
Her's, and the whole World's ioyes,6······
Hanging all torn she sees; and in His woes10/˘········
And paines, her pangs and throes:6······
Each wound of His, from euery part,8········
All, more at home in her one heart.8········
What kind of marble, than,6···/˘·
Is that cold man4····
Who can look on and see,6······
Nor keep such noble sorrowes company?10···/˘/˘/˘˘
Sure eu'en from you4····
(My flints) some drops are due,6······
To see so many unkind swords contest10···/˘˘/·/˘
So fast for one soft brest:6······
While with a faithfull, mutuall floud,9···/˘/˘˘·
Her eyes bleed teares, His wounds weep blood.8········
O costly intercourse6·/˘/˘·
Of deaths, and worse--4····
Diuided loues. While Son and mother8······/˘
Discourse alternate wounds to one another,11/˘/˘····˘/˘
Quick deaths that grow4····
And gather, as they come and goe:8·/˘·····
His nailes write swords in her, which soon her heart10··········
Payes back, with more then their own smart.8········
Her swords, still growing with His pain,8···/˘···
Turn speares, and straight come home again.8······˘/
She sees her Son, her God,6······
Bow with a load4····
Of borrow'd sins; and swimme6·/····
In woes that were not made for Him.8········
Ah! hard command4··˘/
Of loue! Here must she stand,6······
Charg'd to look on, and with a stedfast ey10··········
See her life dy:4····
Leauing her only so much breath7··/˘···
As serues to keep aliue her death.7·······
O mother turtle-doue!6·/˘/˘·
Soft sourse of loue!4····
That these dry lidds might borrow7·····/·
Somthing from thy full seas of sorrow!9·······/˘
O in that brest4····
Of thine (the noblest nest6···/˘·
Both of Loue's fires and flouds) might I recline10···/····˘/
This hard, cold heart of mine!6······
The chill lump would relent, and proue8····˘/··
Soft subject for the seige of Loue.8·˘/·····
O teach those wounds to bleed6······
In me; me, so to read6······
This book of loues, thus writ6······
In lines of death, my life may coppy it10··········
With loyall cares.4·/˘·
O let me, here, claim shares!6······
Yeild somthing in thy sad praerogatiue9·········
(Great queen of greifes), and giue6······
Me, too, my teares; who, though all stone,8········
Think much that thou shouldst mourn alone.8······˘/
Yea, let my life and me6······
Fix here with thee,4····
And at the humble foot6···/˘·
Of this fair tree, take our eternall root.10·····/˘/˘·
That so we may4····
At least be in Loue's way;6······
And in these chast warres, while the wing'd wounds flee10··········
So fast 'twixt Him and thee,6······
My brest may catch the kisse of some kind dart,10··········
Though as at second hand, from either heart.10···/˘··/˘·
O you, your own best darts,6······
Dear, dolefull hearts!4·/˘·
Hail! and strike home, and make me see8········
That wounded bosomes their own weapons be.10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Come wounds! come darts!4····
Nail'd hands! and peirced hearts!5·····
Come your whole selues, Sorrow's great Son and mother!11····/˘···/˘
Nor grudge a yonger brother7·····/˘
Of greifes his portion, who (had all their due)10···/˘·····
One single wound should not haue left for you.10·/˘·······
Shall I, sett there4····
So deep a share4····
(Dear wounds), and onely now6···/˘·
In sorrows draw no diuidend with you?9·/˘······
O be more wise,4····
If not more soft, mine eyes!6······
Flow, tardy founts! and into decent showres11·/˘····/˘/˘
Dissolue my dayes and howres.7·····/˘
And if thou yet (faint soul!) desert8······/˘
To bleed with Him, fail not to weep with her.10··········
Rich queen, lend some releife;6······
At least an almes of greif6······
To' a heart who by sad right of sin9·········
Could proue the whole summe (too sure) due to him.10··········
By all those stings4····
Of Loue, sweet-bitter things,6···/˘·
Which these torn hands transcrib'd on thy true heart;10····˘/····
O teach mine too the art6······
To study Him so, till we mix8·/˘·····
Wounds, and become one crucifix.8··˘/·/˘·
O let me suck the wine6······
So long of this chast Vine,6······
Till drunk of the dear wounds, I be8········
A lost thing to the world, as it to me.10··········
O faithfull friend4·/˘·
Of me and of my end!6······
Fold vp my life in loue; and lay't beneath10··········
My dear Lord's vitall death.6···/˘·
Lo, heart, thy hope's whole plea! her pretious breath10··········
Pour'd out in prayrs for thee; thy Lord's in death.10··········

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