To a Gentleman
Friend of the wise! and Teacher of the Good!Into my heart have I received that LayMore than historic, that prophetic LayWherein (high theme by thee first sung aright)Of the foundations and the building upOf a Human Spirit thou hast dared to tellWhat may be told, to the understanding mindRevealable; and what within the mindBy vital breathings secret as the soulOf vernal growth, oft quickens in the heartThoughts all too deep for words!--
Theme hard as high!Of smiles spontaneous, and mysterious fears(The first-born they of Reason and twin-birth),Of tides obedient to external force,And currents self-determined, as might seem,Or by some inner Power; of moments awful,Now in thy inner life, and now abroad,When power streamed from thee, and thy soul receivedThe light reflected, as a light bestowed--Of fancies fair, and milder hours of youth,Hyblean murmurs of poetic thoughtIndustrious in its joy, in vales and glensNative or outland, lakes and famous hills!Or on the lonely high-road, when the starsWere rising; or by secret mountain-streams,The guides and the companions of thy way!
Of more than Fancy, of the Social SenseDistending wide, and man beloved as man,Where France in all her towns lay vibratingLike some becalmed bark beneath the burstOf Heaven's immediate thunder, when no cloudIs visible, or shadow on the main.For thou wert there, thine own brows garlanded,Amid the tremor of a realm aglow,Amid a mighty nation jubilant,When from the general heart of human kindHope sprang forth like a full-born Deity!--Of that dear Hope afflicted and struck down,So summoned homeward, thenceforth calm and sureFrom the dread watch-tower of man's absolute self,With light unwaning on her eyes, to lookFar on-herself a glory to behold,The Angel of the vision! Then (last strain)Of Duty, chosen Laws controlling choice,Action and joy!--An orphic song indeed,A song divine of high and passionate thoughtsTo their own music chaunted!
O great Bard!Ere yet that last strain dying awed the air,With steadfast eye I viewed thee in the choirOf ever-enduring men. The truly greatHave all one age, and from one visible spaceShed influence! They, both in power and act,Are permanent, and Time is not with them,Save as it worketh for them, they in it.Nor less a sacred Roll, than those of old,And to be placed, as they, with gradual fameAmong the archives of mankind, thy workMakes audible a linked lay of Truth,Of Truth profound a sweet continuous lay,Not learnt, but native, her own natural notesAh! as I listen'd with a heart forlorn,The pulses of my being beat anew:And even as life retains upon the drowned,Life's joy rekindling roused a throng of pains--Keen pangs of Love, awakening as a babeTurbulent, with an outcry in the heart;And fears self-willed, that shunned the eye of hope;And hope that scarce would know itself from fear;Sense of past youth, and manhood come in vain,And genius given, and knowledge won in vain;And all which I had culled in wood-walks wild,And all which patient toil had reared, and all,Commune with thee had opened out--but flowersStrewed on my corse, and borne upon my bier,In the same coffin, for the self-same grave!
That way no more! and ill beseems it me,Who came a welcomer in herald's guise,Singing of glory, and futurity,To wander back on such unhealthful road,Plucking the poisons of self-harm! And illSuch intertwine beseems triumphal wreathsStrew'd before thy advancing!
Nor do thou,Sage Bard! impair the memory of that hourOf thy communion with my nobler mindBy pity or grief, already felt too long!Nor let my words import more blame than needs.The tumult rose and ceased: for Peace is nighWhere wisdom's voice has found a listening heart.Amid the howl of more than wintry storms,The halcyon hears the voice of vernal hoursAlready on the wing.
Eve following eve,Dear tranquil time, when the sweet sense of HomeIs sweetest! moments for their own sake hailedAnd more desired, more precious, for thy song,In silence listening like a devout child,My soul lay passive, by thy various strainDriven as in surges now beneath the stars,With momentary stars of my own birth,Fair constellated foam, still darting offInto the darkness; now a tranquil sea,Outspread and bright, yet swelling to the moon.
And when--O Friend! my comforter and guide!Strong in thyself, and powerful to give strength!--Thy long sustained Song finally closed,And thy deep voice had ceased--yet thou thyselfWert still before my eyes, and round us bothThat happy vision of beloved faces--Scarce conscious, and yet conscious of its closeI sate, my being blended in one thought(Thought was it? or aspiration? or resolve?)Absorbed, yet hanging still upon the sound--And when I rose, I found myself in prayer.
Words in this poem 27
- historic a.
- Of or pertaining to history, or the record of past events; as, an historical poem; the historic page. [L. historicus, Gr. historique. See History.]
- aright adv.
- Rightly; correctly; in a right way or form; without mistake or crime; as, to worship God aright. [Pref. a- + right.]
- hast
- , 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
- revealable a.
- Capable of being revealed.
- industrious a.
- Given to industry; characterized by diligence; constantly, regularly, or habitually occupied; busy; assiduous; not slothful or idle; -- commonly implying devotion to lawful and useful labor. [L. industrius, industriosus: cf. F. industrieux. See Industry.]
- outland a.
- Foreign; outlandish. Strutt. [Out + land. See Outlandish.]
- amid prep.
- In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
- aglow adv.
- In a glow; glowing; as, cheeks aglow; the landscape all aglow. [Pref. a- + glow.]
- jubilant a.
- Uttering songs of triumph; shouting with joy; triumphant; exulting. [L. jubilans, -antis, p. pr. of jubilare to shout for joy: cf. F. jubila. See Jubilate.]
- homeward a.
- Being in the direction of home; as, the homeward way.
- thenceforth adv.
- From that time; thereafter.
- orphic a.
- Pertaining to Orpheus; Orphean; as, Orphic hymns.
- forlorn a.
- Deserted abandoned; lost. [OE., p.p. of forlesen to lose utterly, AS. forleósan (p.p. forloren); pref. for- + leósan (in comp.) to lose; cf. D. verliezen to lose, G. verlieren, Sw. förlor]
- babe n.
- An infant; a young child of either sex; a baby. [Cf. Ir. bab, baban, W. baban, maban.]
- scarce a.
- Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon. [OE. scars, OF. escars, eschars, LL. scarpsus, for L. excerptus, p. p. of excerpere to pick out, and hence to contract, to shorten; ex (see Ex-) + carpere. See C]
- commune n.
- The commonalty; the common people. [F., fr. commun. See Common.]
- corse n.
- A living body or its bulk. [OF. cors, F. corps. See Corpse.]
- bier n.
- A handbarrow or portable frame on which a corpse is placed or borne to the grave. [OE. bæe, beere, AS. b, b; akin to D. baar, OHG. bara, G. bahre, Icel barar, Dbaare, L. feretrum, Gr. , from the same bear to produce. See 1st Bear, and cf. Barr]
- welcomer n.
- One who welcomes; one who salutes, or receives kindly, a newcomer.
- futurity n.
- State of being that is yet to come; future state.
- triumphal n.
- A token of victory.
- needs adv.
- Of necessity; necessarily; indispensably; -- often with must, and equivalent to of need. [Orig. gen. of need, used as an adverb. Cf. - wards.]
- wintry a.
- Suitable to winter; resembling winter, or what belongs to winter; brumal; hyemal; cold; stormy; wintery. [AS. wintrig.]
- outspread v. t.
- To spread out; to expand; -- usually as a past part. or adj.
- comforter n.
- One who administers comfort or consolation.
- sate v. t.
- To satisfy the desire or appetite of; to satiate; to glut; to surfeit. [Probably shortened fr. satiate: cf. L. satus full. See Satiate.]
- aspiration n.
- The act of aspirating; the pronunciation of a letter with a full or strong emission of breath; an aspirated sound. [L. aspiratio, fr. aspirare: cf. F. aspiration.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
To a Gentleman is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems of Coleridge, Project Gutenberg ebook #8208; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Samuel Taylor Coleridge, To a Gentleman, in Poems of Coleridge (1796–1817), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #8208, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/coleridge-poems/to-a-gentleman.html, id L00318.
Form and metre
To a Gentleman is 116 lines in 8 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 85%). 94% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.6 syllables. 8 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 37% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in iambic pentameter, other poems in blank verse.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 -AA---BB--- good · layA · layA · aright · up · tell · mindB · mindB · soul · heart · words
- 3 ----ABA---------B---- sense · man · vibrating · burst · cloudA · mainB · garlandedA · aglow · jubilant · kind · deity · down · sure · self · look · behold · strainB · choice · indeed · thoughts · chaunted
- 4 ---------------------ABB---A- bard · air · choir · great · space · act · them · it · old · fame · work · truth · lay · notes · forlorn · anew · drowned · pains · babe · heart · hope · fearA · vainB · vainB · wild · all · flowers · bierA · grave
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Friend of the wise! and Teacher of the Good! | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Into my heart have I received that Lay | 10 | ······˘/·· |
| More than historic, that prophetic Lay | 10 | ··˘/˘·˘/˘· |
| Wherein (high theme by thee first sung aright) | 10 | ········˘/ |
| Of the foundations and the building up | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘· |
| Of a Human Spirit thou hast dared to tell | 10 | ··/˘/····· |
| What may be told, to the understanding mind | 11 | ·······˘/˘· |
| Revealable; and what within the mind | 10 | ˘/˘˘······ |
| By vital breathings secret as the soul | 10 | ·/˘/˘/˘··· |
| Of vernal growth, oft quickens in the heart | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Thoughts all too deep for words!-- | 6 | ······ |
| Theme hard as high! | 4 | ···· |
| Of smiles spontaneous, and mysterious fears | 10 | ··˘/˘·˘/˘· |
| (The first-born they of Reason and twin-birth), | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Of tides obedient to external force, | 10 | ··˘/˘·˘/˘· |
| And currents self-determined, as might seem, | 10 | ·/˘·˘/˘··· |
| Or by some inner Power; of moments awful, | 11 | ···/˘/·/˘/˘ |
| Now in thy inner life, and now abroad, | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| When power streamed from thee, and thy soul received | 10 | ·/······˘/ |
| The light reflected, as a light bestowed-- | 10 | ··˘/˘···˘/ |
| Of fancies fair, and milder hours of youth, | 10 | ·/˘··//˘·· |
| Hyblean murmurs of poetic thought | 9 | ··/˘·˘/˘· |
| Industrious in its joy, in vales and glens | 10 | ˘/˘······· |
| Native or outland, lakes and famous hills! | 10 | /˘·/˘··/˘· |
| Or on the lonely high-road, when the stars | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Were rising; or by secret mountain-streams, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/˘· |
| The guides and the companions of thy way! | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| Of more than Fancy, of the Social Sense | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Distending wide, and man beloved as man, | 10 | ˘/˘···˘/·· |
| Where France in all her towns lay vibrating | 10 | ·······/˘˘ |
| Like some becalmed bark beneath the burst | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| Of Heaven's immediate thunder, when no cloud | 11 | ·/˘˘/˘/˘··· |
| Is visible, or shadow on the main. | 10 | ·/˘˘·/···· |
| For thou wert there, thine own brows garlanded, | 10 | ·······/˘˘ |
| Amid the tremor of a realm aglow, | 10 | ˘/·/˘···˘/ |
| Amid a mighty nation jubilant, | 10 | ˘/·/˘/˘/˘˘ |
| When from the general heart of human kind | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Hope sprang forth like a full-born Deity! | 10 | ·······/˘˘ |
| --Of that dear Hope afflicted and struck down, | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| So summoned homeward, thenceforth calm and sure | 10 | ·/˘/˘·/··· |
| From the dread watch-tower of man's absolute self, | 11 | ····/··/˘·· |
| With light unwaning on her eyes, to look | 10 | ·········· |
| Far on-herself a glory to behold, | 10 | ··˘/·/˘·˘/ |
| The Angel of the vision! Then (last strain) | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Of Duty, chosen Laws controlling choice, | 10 | ·/˘/˘·˘/˘· |
| Action and joy!--An orphic song indeed, | 10 | /˘···/˘·˘/ |
| A song divine of high and passionate thoughts | 10 | ··˘/···/˘· |
| To their own music chaunted! | 7 | ···/˘·· |
| O great Bard! | 3 | ··· |
| Ere yet that last strain dying awed the air, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| With steadfast eye I viewed thee in the choir | 11 | ·/·······/˘ |
| Of ever-enduring men. The truly great | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| Have all one age, and from one visible space | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Shed influence! They, both in power and act, | 10 | ·/˘···/˘·· |
| Are permanent, and Time is not with them, | 10 | ·/˘˘······ |
| Save as it worketh for them, they in it. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Nor less a sacred Roll, than those of old, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| And to be placed, as they, with gradual fame | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Among the archives of mankind, thy work | 10 | ···/··//·· |
| Makes audible a linked lay of Truth, | 10 | ·/˘˘··˘··· |
| Of Truth profound a sweet continuous lay, | 10 | ··˘/··˘/˘· |
| Not learnt, but native, her own natural notes | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Ah! as I listen'd with a heart forlorn, | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| The pulses of my being beat anew: | 10 | ·/˘··/˘·˘/ |
| And even as life retains upon the drowned, | 10 | ·/··˘/···· |
| Life's joy rekindling roused a throng of pains-- | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| Keen pangs of Love, awakening as a babe | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| Turbulent, with an outcry in the heart; | 10 | /˘˘··/···· |
| And fears self-willed, that shunned the eye of hope; | 10 | ·········· |
| And hope that scarce would know itself from fear; | 10 | ······˘/·· |
| Sense of past youth, and manhood come in vain, | 10 | ·····/···· |
| And genius given, and knowledge won in vain; | 10 | ·/˘/·/˘··· |
| And all which I had culled in wood-walks wild, | 10 | ·········· |
| And all which patient toil had reared, and all, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Commune with thee had opened out--but flowers | 11 | ˘/···/˘··/˘ |
| Strewed on my corse, and borne upon my bier, | 10 | ·········· |
| In the same coffin, for the self-same grave! | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| That way no more! and ill beseems it me, | 10 | ·········· |
| Who came a welcomer in herald's guise, | 10 | ···/˘˘·/˘· |
| Singing of glory, and futurity, | 10 | /˘·/˘·˘/˘˘ |
| To wander back on such unhealthful road, | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘· |
| Plucking the poisons of self-harm! And ill | 10 | /˘·/˘····· |
| Such intertwine beseems triumphal wreaths | 10 | ·˘˘/··˘/˘· |
| Strew'd before thy advancing! | 7 | ····˘/˘ |
| Nor do thou, | 3 | ··· |
| Sage Bard! impair the memory of that hour | 10 | ··˘/·/˘··/ |
| Of thy communion with my nobler mind | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘· |
| By pity or grief, already felt too long! | 11 | ·/˘··˘/˘··· |
| Nor let my words import more blame than needs. | 10 | ····˘/···· |
| The tumult rose and ceased: for Peace is nigh | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Where wisdom's voice has found a listening heart. | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Amid the howl of more than wintry storms, | 10 | ˘/·····/˘· |
| The halcyon hears the voice of vernal hours | 10 | ·/˘····/˘/ |
| Already on the wing. | 6 | ˘/˘··· |
| Eve following eve, | 5 | ·/˘˘· |
| Dear tranquil time, when the sweet sense of Home | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Is sweetest! moments for their own sake hailed | 10 | ·/˘/˘····· |
| And more desired, more precious, for thy song, | 10 | ··˘/·/˘··· |
| In silence listening like a devout child, | 10 | ·/˘/˘··˘/· |
| My soul lay passive, by thy various strain | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Driven as in surges now beneath the stars, | 10 | /··/˘····· |
| With momentary stars of my own birth, | 10 | ·/˘·˘····· |
| Fair constellated foam, still darting off | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Into the darkness; now a tranquil sea, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Outspread and bright, yet swelling to the moon. | 10 | ˘/···/˘··· |
| And when--O Friend! my comforter and guide! | 10 | ·····/˘˘·· |
| Strong in thyself, and powerful to give strength!-- | 10 | ··˘/·/˘··· |
| Thy long sustained Song finally closed, | 10 | ··˘/˘·/˘˘· |
| And thy deep voice had ceased--yet thou thyself | 10 | ········˘/ |
| Wert still before my eyes, and round us both | 10 | ·········· |
| That happy vision of beloved faces-- | 10 | ·/˘/˘·˘//˘ |
| Scarce conscious, and yet conscious of its close | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| I sate, my being blended in one thought | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| (Thought was it? or aspiration? or resolve?) | 11 | ·····˘/˘·˘/ |
| Absorbed, yet hanging still upon the sound-- | 10 | ˘/·/˘····· |
| And when I rose, I found myself in prayer. | 10 | ·······/·· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.