December

John Clare (1793–1864) · 1820–1835

iambic tetrameter · 128 lines · from Poems

Glad Christmas comes, and every hearthMakes room to give him welcome now,E’en want will dry its tears in mirth,And crown him with a holly bough;Though tramping ’neath a winter sky,O’er snowy paths and rimy stiles,The housewife sets her spinning byTo bid him welcome with her smiles.

Each house is swept the day before,And windows stuck with evergreens,The snow is besom’d from the door,And comfort crowns the cottage scenes.Gilt holly, with its thorny pricks,And yew and box, with berries small,These deck the unused candlesticks,And pictures hanging by the wall.

Neighbours resume their annual cheer,Wishing, with smiles and spirits high,Glad Christmas and a happy year,To every morning passer-by;Milkmaids their Christmas journeys go,Accompanied with favour’d swain;And children pace the crumping snowTo taste their granny’s cake again.

The shepherd, now no more afraid,Since custom doth the chance bestow,Starts up to kiss the giggling maidBeneath the branch of mistletoeThat ’neath each cottage beam is seen,With pearl-like berries shining gay;The shadow still of what hath been,Which fashion yearly fades away.

The singing wates, a merry throng,At early morn, with simple skill,Yet imitate the angel’s song,And chant their Christmas ditty still;And ’mid the storm that dies and swellsBy fits--in hummings softly stealsThe music of the village bells,Ringing round their merry peals.

When this is past, a merry crew,Bedeck’d in masks and ribbons gay,The “Morris-dance,” their sports renew,And act their winter evening play.The clown turn’d king, for penny-praise,Storms with the actor’s strut and swell;And Harlequin, a laugh to raise,Wears his hunch-back and tinkling bell.

And oft for pence and spicy ale,With winter nosegays pinn’d before,The wassail-singer tells her tale,And drawls her Christmas carols o’er.While ’prentice boy, with ruddy face,And rime-bepowder’d, dancing locks,From door to door with happy pace,Runs round to claim his “Christmas box.”

The block upon the fire is put,To sanction custom’s old desires;And many a fagot’s bands are cut,For the old farmers’ Christmas fires;Where loud-tongued Gladness joins the throng,And Winter meets the warmth of May,Till feeling soon the heat too strong,He rubs his shins, and draws away.

While snows the window-panes bedim,The fire curls up a sunny charm,Where, creaming o’er the pitcher’s rim,The flowering ale is set to warm;Mirth, full of joy as summer bees,Sits there, its pleasures to impartAnd children, ’tween their parent’s knees,Sing scraps of carols o’er by heart.

And some, to view the winter weathers,Climb up the window-seat with glee.Likening the snow to falling feathers,In Fancy’s infant ecstasy;Laughing, with superstitious love,O’er visions wild that youth supplies,Of people pulling geese above,And keeping Christmas in the skies.

As tho’ the homestead trees were drest,In lieu of snow, with dancing leaves;As tho’ the sun-dried martin’s nest,Instead of i’cles hung the eaves;The children hail the happy day--As if the snow were April’s grass,And pleas’d, as ’neath the warmth of May,Sport o’er the water froze to glass.

Thou day of happy sound and mirth,That long with childish memory stays,How blest around the cottage hearthI met thee in my younger days!Harping, with rapture’s dreaming joys,On presents which thy coming found,The welcome sight of little toys,The Christmas gifts of cousins round.

The wooden horse with arching head,Drawn upon wheels around the room;The gilded coach of gingerbread,And many-colour’d sugar plum;Gilt cover’d books for pictures sought,Or stories childhood loves to tell,With many an urgent promise bought,To get to-morrow’s lesson well.

And many a thing, a minute’s sport,Left broken on the sanded floor,When we would leave our play, and courtOur parent’s promises for more.Tho’ manhood bids such raptures die,And throws such toys aside as vain,Yet memory loves to turn her eye,And count past pleasures o’er again.

Around the glowing hearth at night,The harmless laugh and winter taleGo round, while parting friends delightTo toast each other o’er their ale;The cotter oft with quiet zealWill musing o’er his Bible lean;While in the dark the lovers stealTo kiss and toy behind the screen.

Old customs! Oh! I love the sound:However simple they may be:Whate’er with time have sanction found,Is welcome, and is dear to me.Pride grows above simplicity,And spurns them from her haughty mind,And soon the poet’s song will beThe only refuge they can find.

Words in this poem 19
snowy a.
White like snow.
rimy a.
Abounding with rime; frosty.
resume n.
A summing up; a condensed statement; an abridgment or brief recapitulation. [F. See Resume.]
passer n.
One who passes; a passenger.
favour n.
Kind regard; propitious aspect; countenance; friendly disposition; kindness; good will. [Written also favour.]
morn n.
The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
ditty n.
A saying or utterance; especially, one that is short and frequently repeated; a theme. [OE. dite, OF. ditié, fr. L. dictatum, p. p. neut. of dictare to say often, dictate, compose. See Dictate, v. t.]
bedeck v. t.
To deck, ornament, or adorn; to grace.
prentice n.
An apprentice. Piers Plowman. [Aphetic form of apprentice.]
rime n.
A rent or long aperture; a chink; a fissure; a crack. Sir T. [L. rima.]
bedim v. t.
To make dim; to obscure or darken.
sunny a.
Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant.
glee n.
Music; minstrelsy; entertainment.
harping a.
Pertaining to the harp; as, harping symphonies.
gingerbread n.
A kind of plain sweet cake seasoned with ginger, and sometimes made in fanciful shapes.
childhood n.
The state of being a child; the time in which persons are children; the condition or time from infancy to puberty. [AS. cildhad; cild child + -had. See Child, and hood.]
sanded a.
Covered or sprinkled with sand; sandy; barren. Thomson.
cotter n.
A cottager; a cottier. Burns. [LL. cotarius, cottarius, coterius. See Cot.]
haughty a.
High; lofty; bold. [OE. hautein, F. hautain, fr. haut high, OF. also halt, fr. L. altus. See Altitude.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

December is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #52601; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: John Clare, December, in Poems (1820–1835), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #52601, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/clare-poems/december.html, id L06674.

Form and metre

December is 128 lines in 16 stanzas of 8 lines each. The commonest rhyme scheme is ABABCDCD, in 7 of the 16 stanzas; the rest vary or could not be confirmed. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 94%). 95% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.2 syllables. 6 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 12% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -A-ABCBC hearth · nowA · mirth · boughA · skyB · stilesC · byB · smilesC
  2. 2 ABABCDCD beforeA · evergreensB · doorA · scenesB · pricksC · smallD · candlesticksC · wallD
  3. 3 ABABCDCD cheerA · highB · yearA · byB · goC · swainD · snowC · againD
  4. 4 ABAB-C-C afraidA · bestowB · maidA · mistletoeB · seen · gayC · been · awayC
  5. 5 ABABCDCD throngA · skillB · songA · stillB · swellsC · stealsD · bellsC · pealsD
  6. 6 ABABCDCD crewA · gayB · renewA · playB · praiseC · swellD · raiseC · bellD
  7. 7 A-A-BCBC aleA · before · taleA · o'er · faceB · locksC · paceB · boxC
  8. 8 -A-ABCBC put · desiresA · cut · firesA · throngB · mayC · strongB · awayC
  9. 9 A-A-BCBC bedimA · charm · rimA · warm · beesB · impartC · kneesB · heartC
  10. 10 A-A-BCBC weathersA · glee · feathersA · ecstasy · loveB · suppliesC · aboveB · skiesC
  11. 11 ABABCDCD drestA · leavesB · nestA · eavesB · dayC · grassD · mayC · glassD
  12. 12 -A-ABCBC mirth · staysA · hearth · daysA · joysB · foundC · toysB · roundC
  13. 13 A-A-BCBC headA · room · gingerbreadA · plum · soughtB · tellC · boughtB · wellC
  14. 14 ABABCDCD sportA · floorB · courtA · moreB · dieC · vainD · eyeC · againD
  15. 15 ABABCDCD nightA · taleB · delightA · aleB · zealC · leanD · stealC · screenD
  16. 16 ABAB-CBC soundA · beB · foundA · meB · simplicity · mindC · beB · findC
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Glad Christmas comes, and every hearth9·/˘··/˘˘·
Makes room to give him welcome now,8·····/˘·
E’en want will dry its tears in mirth,8········
And crown him with a holly bough;8·····/˘·
Though tramping ’neath a winter sky,8·/˘··/˘·
O’er snowy paths and rimy stiles,8·/˘··/˘·
The housewife sets her spinning by8·/···/˘·
To bid him welcome with her smiles.8···/˘···
Each house is swept the day before,8········
And windows stuck with evergreens,8·/˘··/˘·
The snow is besom’d from the door,8········
And comfort crowns the cottage scenes.8·/˘··/˘·
Gilt holly, with its thorny pricks,8·/˘··/˘·
And yew and box, with berries small,8·····/˘·
These deck the unused candlesticks,9···˘/˘/˘·
And pictures hanging by the wall.8·/˘/˘···
Neighbours resume their annual cheer,9/˘˘/·/˘˘·
Wishing, with smiles and spirits high,8/˘···/˘·
Glad Christmas and a happy year,8·/˘··/˘·
To every morning passer-by;9·/˘˘/˘/˘·
Milkmaids their Christmas journeys go,8···/˘/˘·
Accompanied with favour’d swain;8˘/˘˘····
And children pace the crumping snow8·/˘··/˘·
To taste their granny’s cake again.8···/˘·˘/
The shepherd, now no more afraid,8·/˘···˘/
Since custom doth the chance bestow,8·/˘···˘/
Starts up to kiss the giggling maid9·····/˘˘·
Beneath the branch of mistletoe8·····/˘·
That ’neath each cottage beam is seen,8···/˘···
With pearl-like berries shining gay;8···/˘/˘·
The shadow still of what hath been,8·/······
Which fashion yearly fades away.8·/˘/˘·˘/
The singing wates, a merry throng,8·/˘··/˘·
At early morn, with simple skill,8·/˘··/˘·
Yet imitate the angel’s song,8·/˘··/˘·
And chant their Christmas ditty still;8···/˘/˘·
And ’mid the storm that dies and swells8········
By fits--in hummings softly steals8···/˘/˘·
The music of the village bells,8·/˘··/˘·
Ringing round their merry peals.7/˘··/˘·
When this is past, a merry crew,8·····/˘·
Bedeck’d in masks and ribbons gay,8˘/···/˘·
The “Morris-dance,” their sports renew,8·/˘···˘/
And act their winter evening play.8···/˘/˘·
The clown turn’d king, for penny-praise,8·····/˘·
Storms with the actor’s strut and swell;8···/˘···
And Harlequin, a laugh to raise,8·/˘˘····
Wears his hunch-back and tinkling bell.9·····/˘˘·
And oft for pence and spicy ale,8·····/˘·
With winter nosegays pinn’d before,9·/˘······
The wassail-singer tells her tale,8·/˘/˘···
And drawls her Christmas carols o’er.8···/˘/˘·
While ’prentice boy, with ruddy face,8·/˘··/˘·
And rime-bepowder’d, dancing locks,8·····/˘·
From door to door with happy pace,8·····/˘·
Runs round to claim his “Christmas box.”8·····/˘·
The block upon the fire is put,9·····/˘··
To sanction custom’s old desires;9·/˘/˘·˘/˘
And many a fagot’s bands are cut,9·/˘······
For the old farmers’ Christmas fires;9···/˘/˘/˘
Where loud-tongued Gladness joins the throng,9···˘/˘···
And Winter meets the warmth of May,8·/˘·····
Till feeling soon the heat too strong,8·/˘·····
He rubs his shins, and draws away.8······˘/
While snows the window-panes bedim,8···/˘·˘/
The fire curls up a sunny charm,9·/˘···/˘·
Where, creaming o’er the pitcher’s rim,8·/˘··/˘·
The flowering ale is set to warm;9·/˘˘·····
Mirth, full of joy as summer bees,8·····/˘·
Sits there, its pleasures to impart8···/˘·˘/
And children, ’tween their parent’s knees,8·/˘··/˘·
Sing scraps of carols o’er by heart.8···/˘···
And some, to view the winter weathers,9·····/˘/˘
Climb up the window-seat with glee.8···/˘···
Likening the snow to falling feathers,10/˘˘···/˘/˘
In Fancy’s infant ecstasy;8·/˘/˘/˘˘
Laughing, with superstitious love,8/˘··˘/˘·
O’er visions wild that youth supplies,8·/˘···˘/
Of people pulling geese above,8·/˘/˘···
And keeping Christmas in the skies.8·/˘/˘···
As tho’ the homestead trees were drest,8···/····
In lieu of snow, with dancing leaves;8·····/˘·
As tho’ the sun-dried martin’s nest,8·····/˘·
Instead of i’cles hung the eaves;7˘/·····
The children hail the happy day--8·/˘··/˘·
As if the snow were April’s grass,8·····/˘·
And pleas’d, as ’neath the warmth of May,8········
Sport o’er the water froze to glass.8···/˘···
Thou day of happy sound and mirth,8···/˘···
That long with childish memory stays,9···/˘/˘˘·
How blest around the cottage hearth8·····/˘·
I met thee in my younger days!8·····/˘·
Harping, with rapture’s dreaming joys,8/˘·/˘/˘·
On presents which thy coming found,8·/˘··/˘·
The welcome sight of little toys,8·/˘··/˘·
The Christmas gifts of cousins round.8·/˘··/˘·
The wooden horse with arching head,8·/˘··/˘·
Drawn upon wheels around the room;8········
The gilded coach of gingerbread,8·/˘··/˘·
And many-colour’d sugar plum;8·/˘/˘/˘·
Gilt cover’d books for pictures sought,8·/˘··/˘·
Or stories childhood loves to tell,8·/˘/····
With many an urgent promise bought,9·/˘·/˘/˘·
To get to-morrow’s lesson well.8···/˘/˘·
And many a thing, a minute’s sport,9·/˘···/˘·
Left broken on the sanded floor,8·/˘··/˘·
When we would leave our play, and court9····/˘···
Our parent’s promises for more.9/˘/˘/˘˘··
Tho’ manhood bids such raptures die,8·/···/˘·
And throws such toys aside as vain,8····˘/··
Yet memory loves to turn her eye,9·/˘˘·····
And count past pleasures o’er again.8···/˘·˘/
Around the glowing hearth at night,8···/˘···
The harmless laugh and winter tale8·/˘··/˘·
Go round, while parting friends delight8···/˘·˘/
To toast each other o’er their ale;8···/˘···
The cotter oft with quiet zeal8·/˘··/˘·
Will musing o’er his Bible lean;8·/˘··/˘·
While in the dark the lovers steal8·····/˘·
To kiss and toy behind the screen.8········
Old customs! Oh! I love the sound:8·/˘·····
However simple they may be:8·/˘/˘···
Whate’er with time have sanction found,9˘˘/···/˘·
Is welcome, and is dear to me.8·/˘·····
Pride grows above simplicity,8····˘/˘˘
And spurns them from her haughty mind,8·····/˘·
And soon the poet’s song will be8···/˘···
The only refuge they can find.8·/˘/˘···

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