To Aurora
Thou risest and kissest, O Goddess, with rosy breath, the clouds,Kissest the dusky pinnacles of marble temples.
The forests feel thee and with a cool shiver awake;Up soars the falcon flashing in eager joy.
Meanwhile amid the wet leaves mutter the garrulous nests,And far off the grey gull screams over the purple sea.
First to delight in thee, down in the laborious plain,Are the streams which glisten amid the rustling poplars.
Daringly the sorrel colt breaks away from his feeding,Runs to the brooks with high-lifted mane, neighing in the wind.
Wakeful answers from the huts the great pack of the hounds,And the whole valley is filled with the sound of their noisy barking.
But the man whom thou awakest to life-consuming labour,He, O ancient Youth, O Youth eternal,
Still thoughtful admires thee, even as on the mountainThe Aryan Fathers adored thee, standing amid their white oxen.
Again upon the wing of the fresh morning flies forthThe hymn which to thee they sang over their heaped-up spears.
“Shepherdess thou of heaven! from the stalls of thy jealous sisterThou loosest the rosy kine and leadest them back to the skies:
Thou leadest the rosy kine, and the white herds, and the horsesWith the blond flowing manes dear to the brothers Asvini.”
Like a youthful bride who goes from her bath to her spouse,Reflecting in her eyes the love of him her lover,
So dost thou smiling let fall the light garments that veil thee,And serene to the heavens thy virgin figure reveal.
Flushed thy cheeks, with white breast panting, thou runnestTo the sovereign of worlds, to the fair flaming Suria.
And he joins and, in a bow, stretches around his mighty neckThy rosy arms: but at his terrible glances thou fleest.
'Tis then the Asvinian Twins, the cavaliers of heaven,Welcome thee rosily trembling in thy chariot of gold,
And thither thou turnest where, measured the road of glory,Wearied, the god awaits thee in the dull gloaming of eve.
“Gracious thy flight be above us!” so invoked thee the fathers,“Gracious the going of thy radiant car over our houses.
“Come from the coasts of the East with thy good fortune,Come, with thy flowering oats and thy foaming milk.
“And in the midst of the calves, dancing, with yellow locks,An offspring vast shall adore thee, O Shepherdess of heaven!”
So sang the Aryans. But better pleased thee Hymettus,Fresh with the twenty brooks whose banks smelt to heaven of thyme;
Better pleased thee on Hymettus the nimble-limbed, mortal huntsman,Who with the buskined foot pressed the first dews of the morn.
The heavens bent down. A sweet blush tinged the forest and the hills,When thou, O Goddess, didst descend.
But thou descendedst not; rather did Cephalus, drawn by thy kiss,Mount, all alert, through the air, fair as a beautiful god,—
Mount on the amorous winds and amid the sweet odours,While all around were the nuptials of flowers and the marriage of streams.
Wet lies upon his neck the heavy tress of gold and the golden quiverReaches above his white shoulder, held by the belt of vermilion.
O fragrant kisses of a goddess among the dews!O ambrosia of love in the world's youth-time!
Dost thou also love, O goddess? But ours is a wearied race;Sad is thy face, O Aurora, when thou risest over our towers.
The dim street-lamps go out; and without even glancing at thee,A pale-faced troop go home imagining they have been happy.
Angrily at his door is pounding the ill-tempered labourer,Cursing the dawn that only calls him back to his bondage.
Only the lover, perhaps, fresh from the dreams of the loved one,His blood still warm from her kisses, salutes thee with joy,
Beholds with delight thy face, and feels thy cool breathing upon him:Then cries, “O bear me, Aurora, upon thy swift courser of flame,—
“Bear me up into the fields of the stars, that there, looking down,I may behold the earth beneath thy rosy light smiling,—
“Behold my fair one in the face of the rising day,Let fall her black tresses down over her blushing bosom.”
Words in this poem 18
- meanwhile n.
- The intervening time; as, in the meantime (or mean time).
- amid prep.
- In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
- garrulous a.
- Talking much, especially about commonplace or trivial things; talkative; loquacious. [L. garrulus, fr. garrire to chatter, talk; cf. Gr. Call.]
- wakeful a.
- Not sleeping; indisposed to sleep; watchful; vigilant.
- shepherdess n.
- A woman who tends sheep; hence, a rural lass.
- spouse v. t.
- To wed; to espouse. [See Espouse, and Spouse, n.]
- rosily adv.
- In a rosy manner. M. Arnold.
- gloaming n.
- Twilight; dusk; the fall of the evening. [Scot. & North of Eng., and in poetry.] Hogg. [See Gloom.]
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- adore v. t.
- To worship with profound reverence; to pay divine honors to; to honor as deity or as divine. [OE. aouren, anouren, adoren, OF. aorer, adorer, F. adorer, fr. L. adorare; ad + orare to speak, pray, os, oris, mouth. In OE. confused with honor, the French pr]
- huntsman n.
- One who hunts, or who practices hunting.
- buskined a.
- Wearing buskins.
- morn n.
- The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
- didst
- , the 2d pers. sing. imp. of Do.
- tress n.
- A braid, knot, or curl, of hair; a ringlet. [OE. tresse, OF. trece, F. tresse, LL. tricia, fr. Gr. tri`cha threefold, because a tress is usually formed by interlacing three pieces; akin to trei^s three. Se]
- aurora n.
- The rising light of the morning; the dawn of day; the redness of the sky just before the sun rises. [L. aurora, for ausosa, akin to Gr. ushas, and E. east.]
- glancing a.
- Shooting, as light.
- courser n.
- One who courses or hunts. [F. coursier.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
To Aurora is in the public domain. This text is taken from By Frank Sewall (London: Osgood, McIlvaine & Co., 1893), Project Gutenberg ebook #56711, the Frank Sewall translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Giosuè Carducci, To Aurora, in Poems of Giosuè Carducci (1893), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #56711, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/carducci-poems/to-aurora.html, id L26512.
Form and metre
To Aurora is 68 lines in 34 stanzas of 2 lines each. This poem did not settle on a metre of its own; the book it comes from is in iambic pentameter.
See other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Thou risest and kissest, O Goddess, with rosy breath, the clouds, | 15 | ····/˘·/˘·/˘··· |
| Kissest the dusky pinnacles of marble temples. | 12 | /˘·/˘/˘·/˘/˘ |
| The forests feel thee and with a cool shiver awake; | 13 | ·/˘······/˘˘/ |
| Up soars the falcon flashing in eager joy. | 11 | ···/˘/˘·/˘· |
| Meanwhile amid the wet leaves mutter the garrulous nests, | 13 | /·˘/···/˘·/˘· |
| And far off the grey gull screams over the purple sea. | 12 | ·········/˘· |
| First to delight in thee, down in the laborious plain, | 13 | ··˘/·····˘/˘· |
| Are the streams which glisten amid the rustling poplars. | 13 | ····/˘˘/·/˘/˘ |
| Daringly the sorrel colt breaks away from his feeding, | 14 | ····/˘··˘/··/˘ |
| Runs to the brooks with high-lifted mane, neighing in the wind. | 14 | ······/˘······ |
| Wakeful answers from the huts the great pack of the hounds, | 13 | /˘/˘········· |
| And the whole valley is filled with the sound of their noisy barking. | 16 | ···/˘·······/˘/˘ |
| But the man whom thou awakest to life-consuming labour, | 15 | ·····˘/˘··˘/˘/˘ |
| He, O ancient Youth, O Youth eternal, | 10 | ··/˘···˘/˘ |
| Still thoughtful admires thee, even as on the mountain | 12 | ·/˘˘/·/···/˘ |
| The Aryan Fathers adored thee, standing amid their white oxen. | 16 | ·/˘/˘˘/·/˘˘/··/˘ |
| Again upon the wing of the fresh morning flies forth | 13 | ˘/·······/˘·· |
| The hymn which to thee they sang over their heaped-up spears. | 12 | ············ |
| “Shepherdess thou of heaven! from the stalls of thy jealous sister | 15 | /˘˘··/·····/˘/˘ |
| Thou loosest the rosy kine and leadest them back to the skies: | 15 | ·/˘·/˘··/˘····· |
| Thou leadest the rosy kine, and the white herds, and the horses | 15 | ·/˘·/˘·······/˘ |
| With the blond flowing manes dear to the brothers Asvini.” | 13 | ···/····/˘··· |
| Like a youthful bride who goes from her bath to her spouse, | 13 | ··/˘········· |
| Reflecting in her eyes the love of him her lover, | 13 | ˘/˘········/˘ |
| So dost thou smiling let fall the light garments that veil thee, | 14 | ···/˘····/˘··· |
| And serene to the heavens thy virgin figure reveal. | 14 | ·˘/··/˘·/˘/˘˘/ |
| Flushed thy cheeks, with white breast panting, thou runnest | 11 | ······/˘·/˘ |
| To the sovereign of worlds, to the fair flaming Suria. | 13 | ··/˘·····/˘·· |
| And he joins and, in a bow, stretches around his mighty neck | 15 | ·······/˘···/˘· |
| Thy rosy arms: but at his terrible glances thou fleest. | 13 | ·/˘····/˘/˘·· |
| 'Tis then the Asvinian Twins, the cavaliers of heaven, | 13 | ·········˘/·/ |
| Welcome thee rosily trembling in thy chariot of gold, | 14 | /˘·/˘˘/˘··/˘·· |
| And thither thou turnest where, measured the road of glory, | 14 | ·/˘·/˘·/˘···/˘ |
| Wearied, the god awaits thee in the dull gloaming of eve. | 14 | /˘··˘/····/˘·· |
| “Gracious thy flight be above us!” so invoked thee the fathers, | 15 | /˘·······˘/··/˘ |
| “Gracious the going of thy radiant car over our houses. | 13 | /˘·/··/˘··//˘ |
| “Come from the coasts of the East with thy good fortune, | 12 | ··········/˘ |
| Come, with thy flowering oats and thy foaming milk. | 11 | ···/˘···/˘· |
| “And in the midst of the calves, dancing, with yellow locks, | 13 | ·······/˘·/˘· |
| An offspring vast shall adore thee, O Shepherdess of heaven!” | 14 | ·/···˘/··/˘˘·/ |
| So sang the Aryans. But better pleased thee Hymettus, | 13 | ···/˘·/˘····· |
| Fresh with the twenty brooks whose banks smelt to heaven of thyme; | 13 | ···/˘·····/·· |
| Better pleased thee on Hymettus the nimble-limbed, mortal huntsman, | 16 | /˘·······/˘·/˘/˘ |
| Who with the buskined foot pressed the first dews of the morn. | 13 | ···/˘········ |
| The heavens bent down. A sweet blush tinged the forest and the hills, | 15 | ·/˘·······/˘··· |
| When thou, O Goddess, didst descend. | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| But thou descendedst not; rather did Cephalus, drawn by thy kiss, | 16 | ······/˘········ |
| Mount, all alert, through the air, fair as a beautiful god,— | 13 | ··˘/······/˘· |
| Mount on the amorous winds and amid the sweet odours, | 13 | ···/˘··˘/··/˘ |
| While all around were the nuptials of flowers and the marriage of streams. | 16 | ······/˘·/··/˘·· |
| Wet lies upon his neck the heavy tress of gold and the golden quiver | 18 | ·······/˘·····/˘/˘ |
| Reaches above his white shoulder, held by the belt of vermilion. | 16 | /˘····/˘·····˘/˘ |
| O fragrant kisses of a goddess among the dews! | 13 | ·/˘/˘··/˘···· |
| O ambrosia of love in the world's youth-time! | 11 | ·˘/˘······· |
| Dost thou also love, O goddess? But ours is a wearied race; | 15 | ··/˘··/˘·/··/˘· |
| Sad is thy face, O Aurora, when thou risest over our towers. | 15 | ·············// |
| The dim street-lamps go out; and without even glancing at thee, | 14 | ·········//˘·· |
| A pale-faced troop go home imagining they have been happy. | 14 | ······˘/˘···/˘ |
| Angrily at his door is pounding the ill-tempered labourer, | 15 | /˘····/˘··/˘··· |
| Cursing the dawn that only calls him back to his bondage. | 14 | /˘···/˘·····/˘ |
| Only the lover, perhaps, fresh from the dreams of the loved one, | 15 | /˘·/˘˘/········ |
| His blood still warm from her kisses, salutes thee with joy, | 13 | ······/˘˘/··· |
| Beholds with delight thy face, and feels thy cool breathing upon him: | 16 | ˘/·˘/······/˘··· |
| Then cries, “O bear me, Aurora, upon thy swift courser of flame,— | 16 | ············/˘·· |
| “Bear me up into the fields of the stars, that there, looking down, | 15 | ············/˘· |
| I may behold the earth beneath thy rosy light smiling,— | 14 | ··˘/·····/˘·/˘ |
| “Behold my fair one in the face of the rising day, | 13 | ˘/········/˘· |
| Let fall her black tresses down over her blushing bosom.” | 13 | ····/˘···/˘/˘ |
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