Summer Wind

William Cullen Bryant (1794–1878) · 1821–1876

iambic pentameter · unrhymed · 46 lines · from Poems

It is a sultry day; the sun has drunkThe dew that lay upon the morning grass;There is no rustling in the lofty elmThat canopies my dwelling, and its shadeScarce cools me. All is silent, save the faintAnd interrupted murmur of the bee,Settling on the sick flowers, and then againInstantly on the wing. The plants aroundFeel the too potent fervours: the tall maizeRolls up its long green leaves; the clover droopsIts tender foliage, and declines its blooms.But far in the fierce sunshine tower the hills,With all their growth of woods, silent and stern,As if the scorching heat and dazzling lightWere but an element they loved. Bright clouds,Motionless pillars of the brazen heaven,--Their bases on the mountains--their white topsShining in the far ether--fire the airWith a reflected radiance, and make turnThe gazer's eye away. For me, I lieLanguidly in the shade, where the thick turf,Yet virgin from the kisses of the sun,Retains some freshness, and I woo the windThat still delays its coming. Why so slow,Gentle and voluble spirit of the air?Oh, come and breathe upon the fainting earthCoolness and life. Is it that in his cavesHe hears me? See, on yonder woody ridge,The pine is bending his proud top, and nowAmong the nearer groves, chestnut and oakAre tossing their green boughs about. He comes!Lo, where the grassy meadow runs in waves!The deep distressful silence of the sceneBreaks up with mingling of unnumbered soundsAnd universal motion. He is come,Shaking a shower of blossoms from the shrubs,And bearing on their fragrance; and he bringsMusic of birds, and rustling of young boughs,And sound of swaying branches, and the voiceOf distant waterfalls. All the green herbsAre stirring in his breath; a thousand flowers,By the road-side and the borders of the brook,Nod gayly to each other; glossy leavesAre twinkling in the sun, as if the dewWere on them yet, and silver waters breakInto small waves and sparkle as he comes.

Words in this poem

scarce a.
Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon. [OE. scars, OF. escars, eschars, LL. scarpsus, for L. excerptus, p. p. of excerpere to pick out, and hence to contract, to shorten; ex (see Ex-) + carpere. See C]
settling n.
The act of one who, or that which, settles; the act of establishing one's self, of colonizing, subsiding, adjusting, etc.
sunshine n.
The light of the sun, or the place where it shines; the direct rays of the sun, the place where they fall, or the warmth and light which they give.
scorching a.
Burning; parching or shriveling with heat.
yonder adv.
At a distance, but within view. [OE. yonder, ýonder; cf. OD. ginder, Goth. jaindr there. Yond, adv.]
distressful a.
Full of distress; causing, indicating, or attended with, distress; as, a distressful situation.
unnumbered a.
Not numbered; not counted or estimated; innumerable.
gayly adv.
With mirth and frolic; merrily; blithely; gleefully.
twinkling n.
The act of one who, or of that which, twinkles; a quick movement of the eye; a wink; a twinkle. Holland.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Summer Wind is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems by William Cullen Bryant, Project Gutenberg ebook #16341; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: William Cullen Bryant, Summer Wind, in Poems (1821–1876), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #16341, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/bryant-poems/summer-wind.html, id L07270.

Form and metre

Summer Wind is 46 lines in a single verse paragraph. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 86%). 92% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.1 syllables. 2 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 56% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter, other poems in blank verse.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ------------A--A--A------------------B--B----- drunk · grass · elm · shade · faint · bee · again · around · maize · droops · blooms · hills · sternA · light · clouds · heavenA · tops · air · turnA · lie · turf · sun · wind · slow · air · earth · caves · ridge · now · oak · comes · waves · scene · sounds · come · shrubs · brings · boughsB · voice · herbs · flowersB · brook · leaves · dew · break · comes
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
It is a sultry day; the sun has drunk10···/˘·····
The dew that lay upon the morning grass;10·······/˘·
There is no rustling in the lofty elm10···/˘··/˘·
That canopies my dwelling, and its shade10·/˘˘·/˘···
Scarce cools me. All is silent, save the faint10·····/˘···
And interrupted murmur of the bee,10··˘/˘/˘···
Settling on the sick flowers, and then again10/˘···/··˘/
Instantly on the wing. The plants around10/˘˘·······
Feel the too potent fervours: the tall maize10···/˘/˘···
Rolls up its long green leaves; the clover droops10·······/˘·
Its tender foliage, and declines its blooms.10·/˘/˘·˘/··
But far in the fierce sunshine tower the hills,10·····/·/··
With all their growth of woods, silent and stern,10······/˘··
As if the scorching heat and dazzling light10···/˘··/˘·
Were but an element they loved. Bright clouds,10···/˘˘····
Motionless pillars of the brazen heaven,--11/˘˘/˘··/˘/˘
Their bases on the mountains--their white tops10·/˘··/˘···
Shining in the far ether--fire the air10/˘···/˘/··
With a reflected radiance, and make turn10··˘/˘/˘···
The gazer's eye away. For me, I lie10····˘/····
Languidly in the shade, where the thick turf,10··········
Yet virgin from the kisses of the sun,10·/˘··/˘···
Retains some freshness, and I woo the wind10˘/·/˘·····
That still delays its coming. Why so slow,10··˘/·/˘···
Gentle and voluble spirit of the air?10/˘·/˘˘/···
Oh, come and breathe upon the fainting earth10·······/˘·
Coolness and life. Is it that in his caves10/˘········
He hears me? See, on yonder woody ridge,10·····/˘/˘·
The pine is bending his proud top, and now10···/˘·····
Among the nearer groves, chestnut and oak10···/˘·/···
Are tossing their green boughs about. He comes!10·/˘·······
Lo, where the grassy meadow runs in waves!10···/˘/····
The deep distressful silence of the scene10··˘/˘/˘···
Breaks up with mingling of unnumbered sounds10···/˘·˘/˘·
And universal motion. He is come,10··˘/˘/˘···
Shaking a shower of blossoms from the shrubs,10/˘·/·/˘···
And bearing on their fragrance; and he brings10·/˘··/˘···
Music of birds, and rustling of young boughs,10/˘···/˘···
And sound of swaying branches, and the voice10···/˘/˘···
Of distant waterfalls. All the green herbs10·/˘/˘·····
Are stirring in his breath; a thousand flowers,11·/˘····/˘/˘
By the road-side and the borders of the brook,11······/˘···
Nod gayly to each other; glossy leaves10·/˘··/˘/˘·
Are twinkling in the sun, as if the dew10·/˘·······
Were on them yet, and silver waters break10·····/˘/˘·
Into small waves and sparkle as he comes.10·····/˘···

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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