The Italian in England

Robert Browning (1812–1889) · 1864

iambic tetrameter · octosyllabic couplets · 162 lines · from Selections from the Poems and Plays of Robert Browning

That second time they hunted meFrom hill to plain, from shore to sea,And Austria, hounding far and wideHer bloodhounds through the countryside.Breathed hot and instant on my trace--I made six days a hiding-placeOf that dry green old aqueductWhere I and Charles, when boys, have pluckedThe fireflies from the roof above,Bright creeping through the moss they love:--How long it seems since Charles was lost!Six days the soldiers crossed and crossedThe country in my very sight;And when that peril ceased at night,The sky broke out in red dismayWith signal fires; well, there I layClose covered o'er in my recess,Up to the neck in ferns and cress,Thinking of Metternich our friend,And Charles's miserable end,And much beside, two days; the third,Hunger o'ercame me when I heardThe peasants from the village goTo work among the maize; you know,With us in Lombardy, they bringProvisions packed on mules, a stringWith little bells that cheer their task,And casks, and boughs on every caskTo keep the sun's heat from the wine;These I let pass in jingling line,And, close on them, dear noisy crew,The peasants from the village, too;For at the very rear would troopTheir wives and sisters in a groupTo help, I knew. When these had passed,I threw my glove to strike the last,Taking the chance; she did not start,Much less cry out, but stooped apart,One instant rapidly glanced round,And saw me beckon from the ground;A wild bush grows and hides my crypt;She picked my glove up while she strippedA branch off, then rejoined the restWith that; my glove lay in her breast.Then I drew breath; they disappeared;It was for Italy I feared.

An hour, and she returned aloneExactly where my glove was thrown.Meanwhile came many thoughts; on meRested the hopes of Italy;I had devised a certain taleWhich, when 'twas told her, could not failPersuade a peasant of its truth;I meant to call a freak of youthThis hiding, and give hopes of pay,And no temptation to betray.But when I saw that woman's face,Its calm simplicity of grace,Our Italy's own attitudeIn which she walked thus far, and stood,Planting each naked foot so firm,To crush the snake and spare the worm--At first sight of her eyes, I said,"I am that man upon whose headThey fix the price, because I hateThe Austrians over us; the StateWill give you gold--oh, gold so much!--If you betray me to their clutch,And be your death, for aught I know,If once they find you saved their foe.Now you must bring me food and drink,And also paper, pen, and ink,And carry safe what I shall writeTo Padua, which you'll reach at nightBefore the duomo shuts; go in,And wait till Tenebrae begin;Walk to the third confessional,Between the pillar and the wall,And kneeling whisper, Whence comes peace?Say it a second time, then cease;And if the voice inside returns,From Christ and Freedom; what concernsThe cause of Peace?--for answer, slipMy letter where you placed your lip;Then come back happy we have doneOur mother service--I, the son,As you the daughter of our land!"

Three mornings more, she took her standIn the same place, with the same eyes;I was no surer of sunriseThan of her coming. We conferredOf her own prospects, and I heardShe had a lover--stout and tall,She said--then let her eyelids fall,"He could do much"--as if some doubtEntered her heart--then, passing out,"She could not speak for others, whoHad other thoughts; herself she knew";And so she brought me drink and food.After four days the scouts pursuedAnother path; at last arrivedThe help my Paduan friends contrivedTo furnish me; she brought the news.For the first time I could not chooseBut kiss her hand, and lay my ownUpon her head--"This faith was shownTo Italy, our mother; sheUses my hand and blesses thee."She followed down to the seashore;I left and never saw her more.

How very long since I have thoughtConcerning--much less wished for--aughtBeside the good of Italy,For which I live and mean to die!I never was in love; and sinceCharles proved false, what shall now convinceMy inmost heart I have a friend?However, if I pleased to spendReal wishes on myself--say, three--I know at least what one should be.I would grasp Metternich untilI felt his red wet throat distillIn blood through these two hands. And next--Nor much for that am I perplexed--Charles, perjured traitor, for his part,Should die slow of a broken heartUnder his new employers. Last--Ah, there, what should I wish? For fastDo I grow old and out of strength.If I resolved to seek at lengthMy father's house again, how scaredThey all would look, and unprepared!My brothers live in Austria's pay--Disowned me long ago, men say;And all my early mates who usedTo praise me so--perhaps inducedMore than one early step of mine--Are turning wise; while some opine,"Freedom grows license," some suspect,"Haste breeds delay," and recollectThey always said, such prematureBeginnings never could endure!So, with a sullen "All's for best,"The land seems settling to its rest.I think then, I should wish to standThis evening in that dear, lost land,Over the sea the thousand miles,And know if yet that woman smilesWith the calm smile; some little farmShe lives in there, no doubt; what harmIf I sat on the door-side bench,And, while her spindle made a trenchFantastically in the dust,Inquired of all her fortunes--justHer children's ages and their names,And what may be the husband's aimsFor each of them. I'd talk this out,And sit there, for an hour about,Then kiss her hand once more, and layMine on her head, and go my way.

So much for idle wishing--howIt steals the time! To business now.

Words in this poem 18
hounding n.
The act of one who hounds.
countryside n.
A particular rural district; a country neighborhood. [Eng.] W.
aqueduct n.
A conductor, conduit, or artificial channel for conveying water, especially one for supplying large cities with water. [F. aqueduc, OF. aqueduct (Cotgr.), fr. L. aquaeductus; aquae, gen. of aqua water + ductus a leading, ducere to lead. See Aqua, Duke.]
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
jingling n.
The act or process of producing a jingle; also, the sound itself; a chink.
beckon v. t.
To make a significant sign to; hence, to summon, as by a motion of the hand.
crypt n.
A vault wholly or partly under ground; especially, a vault under a church, whether used for burial purposes or for a subterranean chapel or oratory. [L. crypta vault, crypt, Gr. Crot, Crotto.]
meanwhile n.
The intervening time; as, in the meantime (or mean time).
aught n.
Property; possession. [AS. , fr. agan to own, p. p. ahte.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
duomo n.
A cathedral. See Dome, 2. [It. See Done.]
convince v. t.
To overpower; to overcome; to subdue or master. [L. convincere, -victum, to refute, prove; con- + vincere to conquer. See Victor, and cf. Convict.]
inmost a.
Deepest within; farthest from the surface or external part; innermost. [OE. innemest, AS. innemest, a double superlative form fr. inne within, fr. in in. The modern form is due to confusion with most. See In, and cf. Aftermost, Fore]
perjured a.
Guilty of perjury; having sworn falsely; forsworn.
opine v. t.
To have an opinion; to judge; to think; to suppose. South. [L. opinari, p.p. opinatus; akin to opinus (in comp.) thinking, and perh. to E. apt: cf. F. opiner.]
recollect v. t.
To recover or recall the knowledge of; to bring back to the mind or memory; to remember. [Pref. re- + collect: cf. L. recolligere, recollectum, to collect. Cf. Recollet.]
sullen a.
Lonely; solitary; desolate. Wyclif (Job iii. 14). [OE. solein, solain, lonely, sullen; through Old French fr. (assumed) LL. solanus solitary, fr. L. solus alone. See Sole, a.]
settling n.
The act of one who, or that which, settles; the act of establishing one's self, of colonizing, subsiding, adjusting, etc.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Italian in England is in the public domain. This text is taken from Selections from the Poems and Plays of Robert Browning, Project Gutenberg ebook #28041; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Robert Browning, The Italian in England, in Selections from the Poems and Plays of Robert Browning (1864), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #28041, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/browning-selections/the-italian-in-england.html, id L25131.

Form and metre

The Italian in England is 162 lines in 5 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 96% of the lines: octosyllabic couplets. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%).

See other poems in octosyllabic couplets, other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQRRSSTTUUVVWW meA · seaA · wideB · countrysideB · traceC · placeC · aqueductD · pluckedD · aboveE · loveE · lostF · crossedF · sightG · nightG · dismayH · layH · recessI · cressI · friendJ · endJ · thirdK · heardK · goL · knowL · bringM · stringM · taskN · caskN · wineO · lineO · crewP · tooP · troopQ · groupQ · passedR · lastR · startS · apartS · roundT · groundT · cryptU · strippedU · restV · breastV · disappearedW · fearedW
  2. 2 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQRRSSTT- aloneA · thrownA · meB · italyB · taleC · failC · truthD · youthD · payE · betrayE · faceF · graceF · attitudeG · stoodG · firmH · wormH · saidI · headI · hateJ · stateJ · muchK · clutchK · knowL · foeL · drinkM · inkM · writeN · nightN · inO · beginO · confessionalP · wallP · peaceQ · ceaseQ · returnsR · concernsR · slipS · lipS · doneT · sonT · land
  3. 3 -AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKK stand · eyesA · sunriseA · conferredB · heardB · tallC · fallC · doubtD · outD · whoE · knewE · foodF · pursuedF · arrivedG · contrivedG · newsH · chooseH · ownI · shownI · sheJ · theeJ · seashoreK · moreK
  4. 4 AA--BBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKK--LLMMNNOOPPQQRRSSTTUUVVWW thoughtA · aughtA · italy · die · sinceB · convinceB · friendC · spendC · threeD · beD · untilE · distillE · nextF · perplexedF · partG · heartG · lastH · fastH · strengthI · lengthI · scaredJ · unpreparedJ · payK · sayK · used · induced · mineL · opineL · suspectM · recollectM · prematureN · endureN · bestO · restO · standP · landP · milesQ · smilesQ · farmR · harmR · benchS · trenchS · dustT · justT · namesU · aimsU · outV · aboutV · layW · wayW
  5. 5 AA howA · nowA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
That second time they hunted me8·/˘··/˘·
From hill to plain, from shore to sea,8········
And Austria, hounding far and wide8·/˘/˘···
Her bloodhounds through the countryside.8·/˘··/˘·
Breathed hot and instant on my trace--8···/˘···
I made six days a hiding-place8·····/˘·
Of that dry green old aqueduct8·····/˘·
Where I and Charles, when boys, have plucked8········
The fireflies from the roof above,9·/˘······
Bright creeping through the moss they love:8·/˘·····
--How long it seems since Charles was lost!8········
Six days the soldiers crossed and crossed8···/˘···
The country in my very sight;8·/˘··/˘·
And when that peril ceased at night,8···/˘···
The sky broke out in red dismay8······˘/
With signal fires; well, there I lay8·/˘/····
Close covered o'er in my recess,8·/˘···˘/
Up to the neck in ferns and cress,8········
Thinking of Metternich our friend,8/˘·/˘˘/·
And Charles's miserable end,8·/˘/˘˘˘·
And much beside, two days; the third,8··˘/····
Hunger o'ercame me when I heard8/˘······
The peasants from the village go8·/˘··/˘·
To work among the maize; you know,8········
With us in Lombardy, they bring8········
Provisions packed on mules, a string8˘/˘·····
With little bells that cheer their task,8·/˘·····
And casks, and boughs on every cask8·····/˘·
To keep the sun's heat from the wine;8········
These I let pass in jingling line,8·····/˘·
And, close on them, dear noisy crew,8·····/˘·
The peasants from the village, too;8·/˘··/˘·
For at the very rear would troop8···/˘···
Their wives and sisters in a group8···/˘···
To help, I knew. When these had passed,8········
I threw my glove to strike the last,8········
Taking the chance; she did not start,8/˘······
Much less cry out, but stooped apart,8······˘/
One instant rapidly glanced round,8·/˘/˘˘··
And saw me beckon from the ground;8···/˘···
A wild bush grows and hides my crypt;8········
She picked my glove up while she stripped8········
A branch off, then rejoined the rest8····˘/··
With that; my glove lay in her breast.8········
Then I drew breath; they disappeared;8······˘/
It was for Italy I feared.8···/˘˘··
An hour, and she returned alone8·/··˘/˘/
Exactly where my glove was thrown.8˘/˘·····
Meanwhile came many thoughts; on me8/··/˘···
Rested the hopes of Italy;8/˘···/˘˘
I had devised a certain tale8··˘/·/˘·
Which, when 'twas told her, could not fail8········
Persuade a peasant of its truth;8˘/·/˘···
I meant to call a freak of youth8········
This hiding, and give hopes of pay,8·/˘·····
And no temptation to betray.8··˘/˘·˘/
But when I saw that woman's face,8·····/˘·
Its calm simplicity of grace,8··˘/˘˘··
Our Italy's own attitude8//˘˘·/˘·
In which she walked thus far, and stood,8········
Planting each naked foot so firm,8/˘·/˘···
To crush the snake and spare the worm--8········
At first sight of her eyes, I said,8········
"I am that man upon whose head8········
They fix the price, because I hate8········
The Austrians over us; the State8·/˘˘····
Will give you gold--oh, gold so much!--8········
If you betray me to their clutch,8··˘/····
And be your death, for aught I know,8········
If once they find you saved their foe.8········
Now you must bring me food and drink,8········
And also paper, pen, and ink,8·/˘/˘···
And carry safe what I shall write8·/˘·····
To Padua, which you'll reach at night8·/˘·····
Before the duomo shuts; go in,8···/˘···
And wait till Tenebrae begin;8···/˘˘˘/
Walk to the third confessional,8····˘/˘˘
Between the pillar and the wall,8···/˘···
And kneeling whisper, Whence comes peace?8·/˘/˘···
Say it a second time, then cease;8···/˘···
And if the voice inside returns,8····˘/˘/
From Christ and Freedom; what concerns8···/˘·˘/
The cause of Peace?--for answer, slip8·····/˘·
My letter where you placed your lip;8·/˘·····
Then come back happy we have done8···/˘···
Our mother service--I, the son,8//˘/˘···
As you the daughter of our land!"8···/˘·/·
Three mornings more, she took her stand8·/˘·····
In the same place, with the same eyes;8········
I was no surer of sunrise8···/˘·/·
Than of her coming. We conferred8···/˘·˘/
Of her own prospects, and I heard8···/˘···
She had a lover--stout and tall,8···/˘···
She said--then let her eyelids fall,8·····/··
"He could do much"--as if some doubt8········
Entered her heart--then, passing out,8/˘···/˘·
"She could not speak for others, who8·····/˘·
Had other thoughts; herself she knew";8·/˘·˘/··
And so she brought me drink and food.8········
After four days the scouts pursued8······˘/
Another path; at last arrived8˘/˘···˘/
The help my Paduan friends contrived8······˘/
To furnish me; she brought the news.8·/˘·····
For the first time I could not choose8········
But kiss her hand, and lay my own8········
Upon her head--"This faith was shown8········
To Italy, our mother; she8·/˘˘//˘·
Uses my hand and blesses thee."8/˘···/˘·
She followed down to the seashore;8·/˘···/·
I left and never saw her more.8···/˘···
How very long since I have thought8·/˘·····
Concerning--much less wished for--aught8˘/˘·····
Beside the good of Italy,8˘/···/˘˘
For which I live and mean to die!8········
I never was in love; and since8·/˘·····
Charles proved false, what shall now convince8······˘/
My inmost heart I have a friend?8·/˘·····
However, if I pleased to spend8·/˘·····
Real wishes on myself--say, three--8·/˘··/··
I know at least what one should be.8········
I would grasp Metternich until8···/˘˘··
I felt his red wet throat distill8······˘/
In blood through these two hands. And next8········
--Nor much for that am I perplexed--8······˘/
Charles, perjured traitor, for his part,8·/˘/˘···
Should die slow of a broken heart8·····/˘·
Under his new employers. Last8····˘/˘·
--Ah, there, what should I wish? For fast8········
Do I grow old and out of strength.8········
If I resolved to seek at length8··˘/····
My father's house again, how scared8·/˘·˘/··
They all would look, and unprepared!8······˘/
My brothers live in Austria's pay8·/˘··/˘·
--Disowned me long ago, men say;8˘/··˘/··
And all my early mates who used8···/˘···
To praise me so--perhaps induced8····˘/˘/
More than one early step of mine--8···/˘···
Are turning wise; while some opine,8·/˘···˘/
"Freedom grows license," some suspect,8/˘·/˘·˘/
"Haste breeds delay," and recollect8··˘/··˘/
They always said, such premature8·/····˘/
Beginnings never could endure!8˘/˘/˘·˘/
So, with a sullen "All's for best,"8···/˘···
The land seems settling to its rest.8···/˘···
I think then, I should wish to stand8········
This evening in that dear, lost land,8·/˘·····
Over the sea the thousand miles,8·····/˘·
And know if yet that woman smiles8·····/˘·
With the calm smile; some little farm8·····/˘·
She lives in there, no doubt; what harm8········
If I sat on the door-side bench,8········
And, while her spindle made a trench8···/˘···
Fantastically in the dust,7˘/˘˘···
Inquired of all her fortunes--just8˘/···/˘·
Her children's ages and their names,8·/˘/˘···
And what may be the husband's aims8·····/˘·
For each of them. I'd talk this out,8········
And sit there, for an hour about,8·····/··
Then kiss her hand once more, and lay8········
Mine on her head, and go my way.8········
So much for idle wishing--how8···/˘/˘·
It steals the time! To business now.8·····/˘·

On this poem

At the Congress of Vienna, in 1815, Lombardy and Venetia were assigned to Austria. Most of the inhabitants submitted to the foreign rule, but there were always small bands of patriots who stirred up revolutions against Austria. The chief revolution was that led by Mazzini in 1848, and when he was in exile he read this poem with much appreciation. In Pippa Passes (1840), in the story of Luigi and the Austrian police, Browning had already given a picture based on Italy's struggle for freedom. In 1844 he visited Italy and then wrote "The Italian in England," which appeared in 1845. This poem does not represent a definite historic incident, but such a one as might have occurred in the life of some Italian patriot. For a similar feeling towards Italian independence see Mrs. Browning's Casa Guidi Windows (written 1848-1851). For earlier poems see Byron's "Ode" beginning "O Venice, Venice, when thy marble walls," Shelley's "Lines Written Among the Euganean Hills," and the following sonnet by Wordsworth: "Once did She hold the gorgeous east in fee; And was the safeguard of the west: the worth Of Venice did not fall below her birth, Venice, the eldest Child of Liberty. She was a maiden City, bright and free; No guile seduced, no force could violate; And, when she took unto herself a Mate, She must espouse the everlasting Sea. And what if she had seen those glories fade, Those titles vanish, and that strength decay; Yet shall some tribute of regret be paid When her long l
Notes from the edition 4

Notes by Myra Reynolds, Selections from the Poems and Plays of Robert Browning (Project Gutenberg #28041).

  1. Stanza 1, line 8 Charles. Carlo Alberto, King of Sardinia. He had used severe measures against "Young Italy," the party founded by Mazzini.
  2. Stanza 1, line 19 Metternich. A noted Austrian diplomat and one of the most powerful enemies of Italian freedom.
  3. Stanza 2, line 29 Duomo. The most famous church in Padua.
  4. Stanza 2, line 30 Tenebrae. Darkness. A religious service commemorative of the crucifixion. Fifteen lighted candles are put out one at a time, symbolizing the growing darkness of the world up to the time of the crucifixion.

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