The Bishop Orders His Tomb at Saint Praxed's Church

Robert Browning (1812–1889) · 1864

iambic pentameter · 125 lines · from Selections from the Poems and Plays of Robert Browning

Vanity, saith the preacher, vanity!Draw round my bed: is Anselm keeping back?Nephews--sons mine ... ah God, I know not! Well--She, men would have to be your mother once,Old Gandolf envied me, so fair she was!What's done is done, and she is dead beside,Dead long ago, and I am Bishop since,And as she died so must we die ourselves,And thence ye may perceive the world's a dream.Life, how and what is it? As here I lieIn this state-chamber, dying by degrees,Hours and long hours in the dead night, I ask"Do I live, am I dead?" Peace, peace seems all.Saint Praxed's ever was the church for peace;And so, about this tomb of mine. I foughtWith tooth and nail to save my niche, ye know:--Old Gandolf cozened me, despite my care;Shrewd was that snatch from out the corner SouthHe graced his carrion with, God curse the same!Yet still my niche is not so cramped but thenceOne sees the pulpit o' the epistle-side,And somewhat of the choir, those silent seats,And up into the aery dome where liveThe angels, and a sunbeam's sure to lurk:And I shall fill my slab of basalt there,And 'neath my tabernacle take my rest,With those nine columns round me, two and two,The odd one at my feet where Anselm stands:Peach-blossom marble all, the rare, the ripeAs fresh-poured red wine of a mighty pulse.--Old Gandolf with his paltry onion-stone,Put me where I may look at him! True peach,Rosy and flawless: how I earned the prize!Draw close: that conflagration of my church--What then? So much was saved if aught were missed!My sons, ye would not be my death? Go digThe white-grape vineyard where the oil-press stood,Drop water gently till the surface sink,And if ye find ... Ah God, I know not, I! ...Bedded in store of rotten fig-leaves soft,And corded up in a tight olive-frail,Some lump, ah God, of lapis lazuli,Big as a Jew's head cut off at the nape,Blue as a vein o'er the Madonna's breast ...Sons, all have I bequeathed you, villas, all,That brave Frascati villa with its bath,So, let the blue lump poise between my knees,Like God the Father's globe on both his handsYe worship in the Jesu Church so gay,For Gandolf shall not choose but see and burst!Swift as a weaver's shuttle fleet our years:Man goeth to the grave, and where is he?Did I say basalt for my slab, sons? Black--'Twas ever antique-black I meant! How elseShall ye contrast my frieze to come beneath?The bas-relief in bronze ye promised me,Those Pan and Nymphs ye wot of, and perchanceSome tripod, thyrsus, with a vase or so,The Savior at his sermon on the mount,Saint Praxed in a glory, and one PanReady to twitch the Nymph's last garment off,And Moses with the tables ... but I knowYe mark me not! What do they whisper thee,Child of my bowels, Anselm? Ah, ye hopeTo revel down my villas while I gaspBricked o'er with beggar's moldy travertineWhich Gandolf from his tomb-top chuckles at!Nay, boys, ye love me--all of jasper, then!'Tis jasper ye stand pledged to, lest I grieveMy bath must needs be left behind, alas!One block, pure green as a pistachio-nut,There's plenty jasper somewhere in the world--And have I not Saint Praxed's ear to prayHorses for ye, and brown Greek manuscripts,And mistresses with great smooth marbly limbs?--That's if ye carve my epitaph aright,Choice Latin, picked phrase, Tully's every word,No gaudy ware like Gandolf's second line--Tully, my masters? Ulpian serves his need!And then how I shall lie through centuries,And hear the blessed mutter of the mass,And see God made and eaten all day long,And feel the steady candle-flame, and tasteGood strong thick stupefying incense-smoke!For as I lie here, hours of the dead night,Dying in state and by such slow degrees,I fold my arms as if they clasped a crook,And stretch my feet forth straight as stone can point,And let the bedclothes, for a mortcloth, dropInto great laps and folds of sculptor's-work:And as yon tapers dwindle, and strange thoughtsGrow, with a certain humming in my ears,About the life before I lived this life,And this life too, popes, cardinals, and priests,Saint Praxed at his sermon on the mount,Your tall pale mother with her talking eyes,And new-found agate urns as fresh as day,And marble's language, Latin pure, discreet,--Aha, ELUCESCEBAT quoth our friend?No Tully, said I, Ulpian at the best!Evil and brief hath been my pilgrimage.All lapis, all, sons! Else I give the PopeMy villas! Will ye ever eat my heart?Ever your eyes were as a lizard's quick,They glitter like your mother's for my soul,Or ye would heighten my impoverished frieze,Piece out its starved design, and fill my vaseWith grapes, and add a visor and a Term,And to the tripod ye would tie a lynxThat in his struggle throws the thyrsus down,To comfort me on my entablatureWhereon I am to lie till I must ask,"Do I live, am I dead?" There, leave me, there!For ye have stabbed me with ingratitudeTo death--ye wish it--God, ye wish it! Stone--Gritstone, a-crumble! Clammy squares which sweatAs if the corpse they keep were oozing through--And no more lapis to delight the world!Well, go! I bless ye. Fewer tapers there,But in a row: and, going, turn your backs--Aye, like departing altar-ministrants,And leave me in my church, the church for peace,That I may watch at leisure if he leers--Old Gandolf--at me, from his onion-stone,As still he envied me, so fair she was!

Words in this poem 28
saith
3d pers. sing. pres. of Say.
shrewd a.
Inclining to shrew; disposing to curse or scold; hence, vicious; malicious; evil; wicked; mischievous; vexatious; rough; unfair; shrewish. [Originally the p. p. of shrew, v.t.]
graced a.
Endowed with grace; beautiful; full of graces; honorable.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
flawless a.
Free from flaws. Boyle.
conflagration n.
A fire extending to many objects, or over a large space; a general burning.
aught n.
Property; possession. [AS. , fr. agan to own, p. p. ahte.]
vineyard n.
An inclosure or yard for grapevines; a plantation of vines producing grapes. [For OE. winyard, AS. wingeard; influenced by E. vine. See Wine, and Yard an inclosure.]
bedded a.
Provided with a bed; as, double-bedded room; placed or arranged in a bed or beds.
corded a.
Bound or fastened with cords.
villa n.
A country seat; a country or suburban residence of some pretensions to elegance. Dryden. [L. villa, LL. also village, dim. of L. vicus a village: cf. It. & F. villa. See Vicinity, and cf. Vill, Village, Villain.]
tripod n.
Any utensil or vessel, as a stool, table, altar, caldron, etc., supported on three feet. [L. tripus, -odis, Gr. Tri-) + Foot, and cf. Tripos, Trivet.]
sermon n.
A discourse or address; a talk; a writing; as, the sermens of Chaucer. [OE. sermoun, sermun, F. sermon, fr. L. sermo, - onis, a speaking, discourse, probably fr. serer, sertum, to join, connect; hence, a connected speech. See Series]
gasp v. i.
To open the mouth wide in catching the breath, or in laborious respiration; to labor for breath; to respire convulsively; to pant violently. [OE. gaspen, gaispen, to yawn, gasp, Icel. geispa to yawn; akin to Sw. gäspa, Dan. gispe to gasp.]
needs adv.
Of necessity; necessarily; indispensably; -- often with must, and equivalent to of need. [Orig. gen. of need, used as an adverb. Cf. - wards.]
somewhere adv.
In some place unknown or not specified; in one place or another.
marbly a.
Containing, or resembling, marble.
aright adv.
Rightly; correctly; in a right way or form; without mistake or crime; as, to worship God aright. [Pref. a- + right.]
bedclothes n.
Blankets, sheets, coverlets, etc., for a bed.
dwindle v. i.
To diminish; to become less; to shrink; to waste or consume away; to become degenerate; to fall away. [From OE. dwinen to languish, waste away, AS. dwinan; akin to LG. dwinen, D. dwijnen to vanish, Icel. dvina to cease, dwindle, Sw. tvina; of uncertain origin. Th]
discreet a.
Possessed of discernment, especially in avoiding error or evil, and in the adaptation of means to ends; prudent; sagacious; judicious; not rash or heedless; cautious. [F. discret, L. discretus separated (whence the meaning reserved, prudent), p. p. of discernere. See Discern, and cf. Discrete.]
quoth v. t.
Said; spoke; uttered; -- used only in the first and third persons in the past tenses, and always followed by its nominative, the word or words said being the object; as, quoth I. quoth he. [AS.cweedhan, imp cwæedh, pl. cwædon; akin to OS. queedhan, OHG. quethan, quedan, Icel. kveedha, Goth. qiþan. sq. root22. Cf. Bequeath.]
pilgrimage n.
The journey of a pilgrim; a long journey; especially, a journey to a shrine or other sacred place. Fig., the journey of human life. [OE. pilgrimage, pelgrinage; cf. F. pèlerinage.]
heighten v. t.
To make high; to raise higher; to elevate.
whereon adv.
On which; -- used relatively; as, the earth whereon we live.
ingratitude n.
Want of gratitude; insensibility to, forgetfulness of, or ill return for, kindness or favors received; unthankfulness; ungratefulness. [F. ingratitude, L. ingratitudo. See Ingrate.]
corpse n.
A human body in general, whether living or dead; -- sometimes contemptuosly. [OF. cors (sometimes written corps), F. corps, L. corpus; akin to AS. hrif womb. See Midriff, and cf. Corse, Corselet, Corps, Cuerpo.]
backs n.
Among leather dealers, the thickest and stoutest tanned hides.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Bishop Orders His Tomb at Saint Praxed's Church is in the public domain. This text is taken from Selections from the Poems and Plays of Robert Browning, Project Gutenberg ebook #28041; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Robert Browning, The Bishop Orders His Tomb at Saint Praxed's Church, in Selections from the Poems and Plays of Robert Browning (1864), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #28041, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/browning-selections/the-bishop-orders-his-tomb-at-saint-praxed-s-church.html, id L26286.

Form and metre

The Bishop Orders His Tomb at Saint Praxed's Church is 125 lines in a single stanza. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 87%).

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ---------------------------------------------------A---A-B---B--------------------------------------------------------------- vanity · back · well · once · was · beside · since · ourselves · dream · lie · degrees · ask · all · peace · fought · know · care · south · same · thence · side · seats · live · lurk · there · rest · two · stands · ripe · pulse · stone · peach · prize · church · missed · dig · stood · sink · i · soft · frail · lazuli · nape · breast · all · bath · knees · hands · gay · burst · years · heA · black · else · beneath · meA · perchance · soB · mount · pan · off · knowB · thee · hope · gasp · travertine · at · then · grieve · alas · nut · world · pray · manuscripts · limbs · aright · word · line · need · centuries · mass · long · taste · smoke · night · degrees · crook · point · drop · work · thoughts · ears · life · priests · mount · eyes · day · discreet · friend · best · pilgrimage · pope · heart · quick · soul · frieze · vase · term · lynx · down · entablature · ask · there · ingratitude · stone · sweat · through · world · there · backs · ministrants · peace · leers · stone · was
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Vanity, saith the preacher, vanity!10/˘˘··/˘/˘˘
Draw round my bed: is Anselm keeping back?10·····/˘/˘·
Nephews--sons mine ... ah God, I know not! Well--10/˘········
She, men would have to be your mother once,10·······/˘·
Old Gandolf envied me, so fair she was!10···/˘·····
What's done is done, and she is dead beside,10········˘/
Dead long ago, and I am Bishop since,10··˘/···/˘·
And as she died so must we die ourselves,10········˘/
And thence ye may perceive the world's a dream.10····˘/····
Life, how and what is it? As here I lie10··········
In this state-chamber, dying by degrees,10···/˘/˘·˘/
Hours and long hours in the dead night, I ask10/··/······
"Do I live, am I dead?" Peace, peace seems all.10··········
Saint Praxed's ever was the church for peace;10···/˘·····
And so, about this tomb of mine. I fought10··········
With tooth and nail to save my niche, ye know:10··········
--Old Gandolf cozened me, despite my care;10······˘/··
Shrewd was that snatch from out the corner South10·······/˘·
He graced his carrion with, God curse the same!10···/˘·····
Yet still my niche is not so cramped but thence10··········
One sees the pulpit o' the epistle-side,11···/˘··˘/˘·
And somewhat of the choir, those silent seats,10·//··/·/˘·
And up into the aery dome where live10·····/˘···
The angels, and a sunbeam's sure to lurk:10·/˘··/····
And I shall fill my slab of basalt there,10·······˘/·
And 'neath my tabernacle take my rest,10···/˘·˘···
With those nine columns round me, two and two,10···/˘·····
The odd one at my feet where Anselm stands:10·······/˘·
Peach-blossom marble all, the rare, the ripe10·/˘/˘·····
As fresh-poured red wine of a mighty pulse.10·······/˘·
--Old Gandolf with his paltry onion-stone,10·····/˘/˘·
Put me where I may look at him! True peach,10··········
Rosy and flawless: how I earned the prize!10/˘·/˘·····
Draw close: that conflagration of my church10····˘/˘···
--What then? So much was saved if aught were missed!10··········
My sons, ye would not be my death? Go dig10··········
The white-grape vineyard where the oil-press stood,10···/˘·····
Drop water gently till the surface sink,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
And if ye find ... Ah God, I know not, I! ...10··········
Bedded in store of rotten fig-leaves soft,10/˘···/˘···
And corded up in a tight olive-frail,10·/˘····/˘·
Some lump, ah God, of lapis lazuli,10·····/˘˘/˘
Big as a Jew's head cut off at the nape,10··········
Blue as a vein o'er the Madonna's breast ...10······˘/˘·
Sons, all have I bequeathed you, villas, all,10····˘/·/˘·
That brave Frascati villa with its bath,10·····/˘···
So, let the blue lump poise between my knees,10··········
Like God the Father's globe on both his hands10···/˘·····
Ye worship in the Jesu Church so gay,10·/˘··/˘···
For Gandolf shall not choose but see and burst!10··········
Swift as a weaver's shuttle fleet our years:10···/˘/˘·/·
Man goeth to the grave, and where is he?9·········
Did I say basalt for my slab, sons? Black--10···˘/·····
'Twas ever antique-black I meant! How else10·/˘˘/·····
Shall ye contrast my frieze to come beneath?10··/˘······
The bas-relief in bronze ye promised me,10··˘/···/˘·
Those Pan and Nymphs ye wot of, and perchance10········˘/
Some tripod, thyrsus, with a vase or so,10·/·/˘·····
The Savior at his sermon on the mount,10·/˘··/˘···
Saint Praxed in a glory, and one Pan10··˘··/˘···
Ready to twitch the Nymph's last garment off,10/˘·····/˘·
And Moses with the tables ... but I know10·/˘··/˘···
Ye mark me not! What do they whisper thee,10·······/˘·
Child of my bowels, Anselm? Ah, ye hope10···/˘/˘···
To revel down my villas while I gasp10·/˘··/˘···
Bricked o'er with beggar's moldy travertine10···/˘/˘/˘˘
Which Gandolf from his tomb-top chuckles at!10·······/˘·
Nay, boys, ye love me--all of jasper, then!10·······/˘·
'Tis jasper ye stand pledged to, lest I grieve10·/˘·······
My bath must needs be left behind, alas!10········˘/
One block, pure green as a pistachio-nut,11······˘/˘··
There's plenty jasper somewhere in the world--10·/˘/˘/····
And have I not Saint Praxed's ear to pray10··········
Horses for ye, and brown Greek manuscripts,10/˘·····/˘·
And mistresses with great smooth marbly limbs?10·/˘˘···/˘·
--That's if ye carve my epitaph aright,10·····/˘·˘/
Choice Latin, picked phrase, Tully's every word,10·/˘··/˘/˘·
No gaudy ware like Gandolf's second line--10·/˘····/˘·
Tully, my masters? Ulpian serves his need!10/˘·/˘·····
And then how I shall lie through centuries,10·······/˘˘
And hear the blessed mutter of the mass,10····˘/˘···
And see God made and eaten all day long,10·····/˘···
And feel the steady candle-flame, and taste10···/˘/˘···
Good strong thick stupefying incense-smoke!9······˘/·
For as I lie here, hours of the dead night,10·····/····
Dying in state and by such slow degrees,10/˘······˘/
I fold my arms as if they clasped a crook,10··········
And stretch my feet forth straight as stone can point,10··········
And let the bedclothes, for a mortcloth, drop10···/˘·····
Into great laps and folds of sculptor's-work:10·······/˘·
And as yon tapers dwindle, and strange thoughts10···/˘/˘···
Grow, with a certain humming in my ears,10···/˘/˘···
About the life before I lived this life,10··········
And this life too, popes, cardinals, and priests,10·····/˘˘··
Saint Praxed at his sermon on the mount,10··˘··/˘···
Your tall pale mother with her talking eyes,10···/˘··/˘·
And new-found agate urns as fresh as day,10···/˘·····
And marble's language, Latin pure, discreet,10·/˘/˘/˘·˘/
--Aha, ELUCESCEBAT quoth our friend?10·/······/·
No Tully, said I, Ulpian at the best!10·/˘·······
Evil and brief hath been my pilgrimage.10/˘·····/˘˘
All lapis, all, sons! Else I give the Pope10·/˘·······
My villas! Will ye ever eat my heart?10·/˘··/˘···
Ever your eyes were as a lizard's quick,10/˘·····/˘·
They glitter like your mother's for my soul,10·/˘··/˘···
Or ye would heighten my impoverished frieze,10···/˘·˘/˘·
Piece out its starved design, and fill my vase10····˘/····
With grapes, and add a visor and a Term,10·····/˘···
And to the tripod ye would tie a lynx10···/······
That in his struggle throws the thyrsus down,10···/˘··/˘·
To comfort me on my entablature10·/˘···˘/˘˘
Whereon I am to lie till I must ask,10˘/········
"Do I live, am I dead?" There, leave me, there!10··········
For ye have stabbed me with ingratitude10······˘/˘˘
To death--ye wish it--God, ye wish it! Stone--10··········
Gritstone, a-crumble! Clammy squares which sweat10···/˘/˘···
As if the corpse they keep were oozing through--10·······/˘·
And no more lapis to delight the world!10···/˘·˘/··
Well, go! I bless ye. Fewer tapers there,10·····/˘/˘·
But in a row: and, going, turn your backs10·····/˘···
--Aye, like departing altar-ministrants,10··˘/˘/˘···
And leave me in my church, the church for peace,10··········
That I may watch at leisure if he leers--10·····/˘···
Old Gandolf--at me, from his onion-stone,10·······/˘·
As still he envied me, so fair she was!10···/˘·····

On this poem

There is an old church in Rome named in honor of St. Praxed or Praxedes. The Bishop's Tomb, however, "is entirely fictitious, although something which is made to stand for it is now shown to credulous sightseers." (Mrs. Orr, Handbook to Robert Browning's Works, p. 247.) Ruskin says of this poem: "Robert Browning is unerring in every sentence he writes of the Middle Ages--always vital, right, and profound, so that in the matter of art, with which we are specially concerned, there is hardly a principle connected with the medieval temper that he has not struck upon in these seemingly careless and too rugged lines of his.... I know no other piece of modern English prose or poetry in which there is so much told, as in these lines, of the Renaissance spirit--its worldliness, inconsistency, pride, hypocrisy, ignorance of itself, love of art, of luxury, and of good Latin. It is nearly all that I have said of the central Renaissance, in thirty pages of 'The Stones of Venice,' put into as many lines, Browning's also being the antecedent work." (Modern Painters, Vol. iv, pp. 337-9.) "It was inevitable that the great period of the Renaissance should produce men of the type of the Bishop of St. Praxed; it would be grossly unfair to set him down as the type of the churchmen of his time." Berdoe, Browning Cyclopaedia, p. 81.
Notes from the edition 10

Notes by Myra Reynolds, Selections from the Poems and Plays of Robert Browning (Project Gutenberg #28041).

  1. Line 1 Vanity, saith the preacher, vanity. Cf. ll. 8-9, 51-52, as illustrative of the religious professionalism of the Bishop's talk. He drops into the ecclesiastical conception of life and death, and into the phraseology of his order.
  2. Line 21 Epistle-side. The right-hand side facing the altar, where the epistle is read by the priest acting as celebrant, the gospel being read from the other side by the priest acting as assistant.
  3. Line 29 Peach-blossom marble. This rosy marble delights the Bishop as much as the pale cheap onion-stone offends him. The lapis-lazuli, a rich blue stone (l. 42), the antique-black (Nero-antico), a rare black marble (l. 34), the beautiful green jasper (l. 68), the elaborate carving planned for the bronze frieze (l. 56-62, 106-111), show not only that the Bishop covets what is costly, but that his highly cultivated taste knows real beauty.
  4. Line 34 That conflagration. The eagerness of the Bishop for the lump of the lapis-lazuli has made him steal even from his own church.
  5. Line 41 Olive-frail. A basket made of rushes, used for packing olives.
  6. Line 58 Thyrsus. The ivy-coiled staff or spear stuck in a pine-cone, symbol of the Bacchic orgy.
  7. Line 66 Travertine. A white limestone, the name being a corruption of Tiburninus, from Tibur, now Tivoli, near Rome, whence this stone comes.
  8. Line 77 Choice Latin. The Bishop's scholarship was as good as his taste in marbles. The Elucescebat ("he was illustrious") of l. 99 Browning called "dog-latin" and he called "Ulpian, the golden jurist, a copper latinist." (See letter to D. G. Rossetti. Quoted by A. J. George, Select Poems of Browning, p. 366.) Tully's Latin was Cicero's (Marcus Tullius Cicero), the purest classic style. The Grammarian in "The Grammarian's Funeral" was equally intense on a point of elegance or correctness in the ancient languages.
  9. Line 91 Strange thoughts. From this point on the Bishop's mind seems to wander.
  10. Line 108 A visor and a Term. The visor is a mask. A term is any bust or half-statue not placed upon but incorporated with, and as it were immediately springing out of, the square pillar which serves as its pedestal.

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