Rabbi Ben Ezra

Robert Browning (1812–1889) · 1864

iambic trimeter · AABCCB · 193 lines · from Selections from the Poems and Plays of Robert Browning

Grow old along with me!The best is yet to be,The last of life, for which the first was made:Our times are in His handWho saith, "A whole I planned,Youth shows but half; trust God: see all nor be afraid!"

Not that, amassing flowers,Youth sighed, "Which rose make ours,Which lily leave and then as best recall?"Not that, admiring stars,It yearned, "Nor Jove, nor Mars;Mine be some figured flame which blends, transcends them all!"

Not for such hopes and fearsAnnulling youth's brief years,Do I remonstrate: folly wide the mark!Rather I prize the doubtLow kinds exist without,Finished and finite clods, untroubled by a spark.

Poor vaunt of life indeed,Were man but formed to feedOn joy, to solely seek and find and feast:Such feasting ended, thenAs sure an end to men;Irks care the crop-full bird? Frets doubt the maw-crammed beast?

Rejoice we are alliedTo That which doth provideAnd not partake, effect and not receive!A spark disturbs our clod;Nearer we hold of GodWho gives, than of His tribes that take, I must believe.

Then, welcome each rebuffThat turns earth's smoothness rough,Each sting that bids nor sit nor stand but go!Be our joys three-parts pain!Strive, and hold cheap the strain;Learn, nor account the pang; dare, never grudge the throe!

For thence--a paradoxWhich comforts while it mocks--Shall life succeed in that it seems to fail:What I aspired to be,And was not, comforts me;A brute I might have been, but would not sink i' the scale.

What is he but a bruteWhose flesh has soul to suit,Whose spirit works lest arms and legs want play?To man, propose this test--Thy body at its best,How far can that project thy soul on its lone way?

Yet gifts should prove their use:I own the Past profuseOf power each side, perfection every turn:Eyes, ears took in their dole,Brain treasured up the whole;Should not the heart beat once, "How good to live and learn"?

Not once beat, "Praise be Thine!I see the whole design,I, who saw power, see now Love perfect too:Perfect I call Thy plan:Thanks that I was a man!Maker, remake, complete--I trust what Thou shalt do!"

For pleasant is this flesh;Our soul, in its rose-meshPulled ever to the earth, still yearns for rest:Would we some prize might holdTo match those manifoldPossessions of the brute--gain most, as we did best!

Let us not always say,"Spite of this flesh todayI strove, made head, gained ground upon the whole!"As the bird wings and sings,Let us cry, "All good thingsAre ours, nor soul helps flesh more, now, than flesh helps soul!"

Therefore I summon ageTo grant youth's heritage,Life's struggle having so far reached its term:Thence shall I pass, approvedA man, for aye removedFrom the developed brute; a god though in the germ.

And I shall thereuponTake rest, ere I be goneOnce more on my adventure brave and new:Fearless and unperplexed,When I wage battle next,What weapons to select, what armor to indue.

Youth ended, I shall tryMy gain or loss thereby;Leave the fire ashes, what survives is gold:And I shall weigh the same,Give life its praise or blame:Young, all lay in dispute; I shall know, being old.

For note, when evening shuts,A certain moment cutsThe deed off, calls the glory from the gray:A whisper from the westShoots--"Add this to the rest,Take it and try its worth: here dies another day."

So, still within this life,Though lifted o'er its strife,Let me discern, compare, pronounce at last,"This rage was right i' the main,That acquiescence vain:The Future I may face now I have proved the Past."For more is not reservedTo man, with soul just nervedTo act tomorrow what he learns today:Here, work enough to watchThe Master work, and catchHints of the proper craft, tricks of the tool's true play.

As it was better, youthShould strive, through acts uncouth,Toward making, than repose on aught found made;So, better, age, exemptFrom strife, should know, than temptFurther. Thou waitedst age; wait death nor be afraid!

Enough now, if the RightAnd Good and InfiniteBe named here, as thou callest thy hand thine own,With knowledge absolute,Subject to no disputeFrom fools that crowded youth, nor let thee feel alone.

Be there, for once and all,Severed great minds from small,Announced to each his station in the Past!Was I, the world arraigned,Were they, my soul disdained,Right? Let age speak the truth and give us peace at last!

Now, who shall arbitrate?Ten men love what I hate,Shun what I follow, slight what I receive;Ten, who in ears and eyesMatch me: we all surmise,They this thing and I that; whom shall my soul believe?

Not on the vulgar massCalled "work," must sentence pass,Things done, that took the eye and had the price;O'er which, from level stand,The low world laid its hand,Found straightway to its mind, could value in a trice:

But all, the world's coarse thumbAnd finger failed to plumb,So passed in making up the main account;All instincts immature,All purposes unsure,That weighed not as his work, yet swelled the man's amount;

Thoughts hardly to be packedInto a narrow act,Fancies that broke through language and escaped;All I could never be,All, men ignored in me,This, I was worth to God, whose wheel the pitcher shaped.

Aye, note that Potter's wheel,That metaphor! and feelWhy time spins fast, why passive lies our clayThou, to whom fools propound,When the wine makes its round,"Since life fleets, all is change; the Past gone, seize today!"

Fool! All that is, at all,Lasts ever, past recall;Earth changes, but thy soul and God stand sure:What entered into thee,That was, is, and shall be:Time's wheel runs back or stops; Potter and clay endure.

He fixed thee, mid this danceOf plastic circumstance,This Present, thou, forsooth, wouldst fain arrest:Machinery just meantTo give thy soul its bent,Try thee and turn thee forth, sufficiently impressed.

What though the earlier groovesWhich ran the laughing lovesAround thy base, no longer pause and press?What though, about thy rim,Skull-things in order grimGrow out, in graver mood, obey the sterner stress?

Look not thou down but up!To uses of a cup,The festal board, lamp's flash and trumpet's peal,The new wine's foaming flow,The Master's lips aglow!Thou, heaven's consummate cup, what need'st thou with earth'swheel?

But I need, now as then,Thee, God, who moldest men;And since, not even while the whirl was worst,Did I--to the wheel of lifeWith shapes and colors rife,Bound dizzily--mistake my end, to slake Thy thirst:

So, take and use Thy work:Amend what flaws may lurk,What strain o' the stuff, what warpings past the aim!My times be in Thy hand!Perfect the cup as planned!Let age approve of youth, and death complete the same!

Words in this poem 31
saith
3d pers. sing. pres. of Say.
admiring a.
Expressing admiration; as, an admiring glance.
jove n.
The chief divinity of the ancient Romans; Jupiter. [L. Jupiter, gen. Jovis, OL. Jovis, nom. & gen. for Djovis; akin to E. Tuesday. See Tuesday, and cf. Jupiter.]
clod n.
A lump or mass, especially of earth, turf, or clay. [OE. clodde, latter form of clot. See Clot.]
rebuff n.
Repercussion, or beating back; a quick and sudden resistance. [It. ribuffo, akin to ribuffare to repulse; pref. ri- (L. re-) + buffo puff. Cf. Buff to strike, Buffet a blow.]
throe n.
Extreme pain; violent pang; anguish; agony; especially, one of the pangs of travail in childbirth, or purturition. [OE. , , AS. a threatening, oppression, suffering, perhaps influenced by Icel. a throe, a pang, a longing; cf. AS. to suffer.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
propose v. i.
To speak; to converse.
lone n.
A lane. See Loanin.
shalt
2d per. sing. of Shall.
mesh n.
The opening or space inclosed by the threads of a net between knot and knot, or the threads inclosing such a space; network; a net. [AS. masc, max, m; akin to D. maas, masche, OHG. masca, Icel. möskvi; cf. Lith. mazgas a knot, megsti to weave nets, to knot.]
heritage a.
That which is inherited, or passes from heir to heir; inheritance. [OE. heritage, eritage, OF. heritage, eritage, F. héritage, fr. hériter to inherit, LL. heriditare. See Hereditable.]
thereupon adv.
Upon that or this; thereon.
wage v. i.
To bind one's self; to engage.
strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
tomorrow adv.
On the day after the present day; on the next day; on the morrow. [Prep. to + morrow.]
craft n.
Strength; might; secret power. [AS. cr strength, skill, art, cunning; akin to OS., G., Sw., & Dan. kraft strength, D. kracht, Icel. kraptr; perh. originally, a drawing together, stretching, fr]
aught n.
Property; possession. [AS. , fr. agan to own, p. p. ahte.]
arbitrate v. t.
To hear and decide, as arbitrators; as, to choose to arbitrate a disputed case. [L. arbitratus, p. p. of arbitrari to be a hearer or beholder of something, to make a decision, to give judgment, fr. arbiter. See Arbiter.]
straightway adv.
Immediately; without loss of time; without delay.
trice v. t.
To pull; to haul; to drag; to pull away. [OE. trisen; of Scand. or Low German origin; cf. Sw. trissa a sheave, pulley, triss a spritsail brace, Dan. tridse a pulley, tridse to haul by means of a pulley,]
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
propound v. t.
To offer for consideration; to exhibit; to propose; as, to propound a question; to propound an argument. [From earlier propone, L. proponere, propositum, to set forth, propose, propound; pro for, before + ponere to put. See Position, and cf. Provost.]
forsooth v. t.
To address respectfully with the term forsooth.
fain v. t.
To be glad ; to wish or desire.
graver n.
One who graves; an engraver or a sculptor; one whose occupation is te cut letters or figures in stone or other hard material.
sterner n.
A director. Dr. R. Clerke. [See 3d Stern.]
festal a.
Of or pertaining to a holiday or a feast; joyous; festive. [L. festum holiday, feast. See feast.]
peal v. i.
To appeal. Spencer.
aglow adv.
In a glow; glowing; as, cheeks aglow; the landscape all aglow. [Pref. a- + glow.]
rife a.
Prevailing; prevalent; abounding. [AS. rif abundant, or Icel. rifr munificent; akin to OD. riff, rijve, abundant.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Rabbi Ben Ezra is in the public domain. This text is taken from Selections from the Poems and Plays of Robert Browning, Project Gutenberg ebook #28041; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Robert Browning, Rabbi Ben Ezra, in Selections from the Poems and Plays of Robert Browning (1864), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #28041, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/browning-selections/rabbi-ben-ezra.html, id L25112.

Form and metre

Rabbi Ben Ezra is 193 lines in 31 stanzas. The rhyme scheme is AABCCB, complete in 29 of its 31 stanzas. The metre is iambic trimeter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 88%).

See other poems in iambic trimeter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABCCB meA · beA · madeB · handC · plannedC · afraidB
  2. 2 AABCCB flowersA · oursA · recallB · starsC · marsC · allB
  3. 3 AABCCB fearsA · yearsA · markB · doubtC · withoutC · sparkB
  4. 4 AABCCB indeedA · feedA · feastB · thenC · menC · beastB
  5. 5 AABCCB alliedA · provideA · receiveB · clodC · godC · believeB
  6. 6 AABCCB rebuffA · roughA · goB · painC · strainC · throeB
  7. 7 AABCCB paradoxA · mocksA · failB · beC · meC · scaleB
  8. 8 AABCCB bruteA · suitA · playB · testC · bestC · wayB
  9. 9 AABCCB useA · profuseA · turnB · doleC · wholeC · learnB
  10. 10 AABCCB thineA · designA · tooB · planC · manC · doB
  11. 11 AABCCB fleshA · meshA · restB · holdC · manifoldC · bestB
  12. 12 AABCCB sayA · todayA · wholeB · singsC · thingsC · soulB
  13. 13 AABCCB ageA · heritageA · termB · approvedC · removedC · germB
  14. 14 AABCCB thereuponA · goneA · newB · unperplexedC · nextC · indueB
  15. 15 AABCCB tryA · therebyA · goldB · sameC · blameC · oldB
  16. 16 AABCCB shutsA · cutsA · grayB · westC · restC · dayB
  17. 17 AABCCBDDE--E lifeA · strifeA · lastB · mainC · vainC · pastB · reservedD · nervedD · todayE · watch · catch · playE
  18. 18 AABCCB youthA · uncouthA · madeB · exemptC · temptC · afraidB
  19. 19 AABCCB rightA · infiniteA · ownB · absoluteC · disputeC · aloneB
  20. 20 AABCCB allA · smallA · pastB · arraignedC · disdainedC · lastB
  21. 21 AABCCB arbitrateA · hateA · receiveB · eyesC · surmiseC · believeB
  22. 22 AABCCB massA · passA · priceB · standC · handC · triceB
  23. 23 AABCCB thumbA · plumbA · accountB · immatureC · unsureC · amountB
  24. 24 AABCCB packedA · actA · escapedB · beC · meC · shapedB
  25. 25 AABCCB wheelA · feelA · clayB · propoundC · roundC · todayB
  26. 26 AABCCB allA · recallA · sureB · theeC · beC · endureB
  27. 27 AABCCB danceA · circumstanceA · arrestB · meantC · bentC · impressedB
  28. 28 AABCCB groovesA · lovesA · pressB · rimC · grimC · stressB
  29. 29 AABCC-B upA · cupA · pealB · flowC · aglowC · earth's · wheelB
  30. 30 AABCCB thenA · menA · worstB · lifeC · rifeC · thirstB
  31. 31 AABCCB workA · lurkA · aimB · handC · plannedC · sameB
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic trimeter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Grow old along with me!6··˘/··
The best is yet to be,6······
The last of life, for which the first was made:10··········
Our times are in His hand6/·····
Who saith, "A whole I planned,6······
Youth shows but half; trust God: see all nor be afraid!"12··········˘/
Not that, amassing flowers,7··˘/˘/˘
Youth sighed, "Which rose make ours,7·····/˘
Which lily leave and then as best recall?"10·/˘·····˘/
Not that, admiring stars,6··˘/˘·
It yearned, "Nor Jove, nor Mars;6······
Mine be some figured flame which blends, transcends them all!"12···/˘···˘/··
Not for such hopes and fears6······
Annulling youth's brief years,6/˘˘···
Do I remonstrate: folly wide the mark!10··˘/˘/˘···
Rather I prize the doubt6/˘····
Low kinds exist without,6··˘/··
Finished and finite clods, untroubled by a spark.12/˘·/··˘/˘···
Poor vaunt of life indeed,6····˘/
Were man but formed to feed6······
On joy, to solely seek and find and feast:10···/˘·····
Such feasting ended, then6·/˘/˘·
As sure an end to men;6······
Irks care the crop-full bird? Frets doubt the maw-crammed beast?12············
Rejoice we are allied6˘/··˘/
To That which doth provide6····˘/
And not partake, effect and not receive!10··˘/˘/··˘/
A spark disturbs our clod;6··˘//·
Nearer we hold of God6/˘····
Who gives, than of His tribes that take, I must believe.12··········˘/
Then, welcome each rebuff6·/˘·˘/
That turns earth's smoothness rough,6···/˘·
Each sting that bids nor sit nor stand but go!10··········
Be our joys three-parts pain!6·/····
Strive, and hold cheap the strain;6······
Learn, nor account the pang; dare, never grudge the throe!11··˘/···/···
For thence--a paradox6···/˘·
Which comforts while it mocks--6·/˘···
Shall life succeed in that it seems to fail:10··˘/······
What I aspired to be,6··˘/··
And was not, comforts me;6···/˘·
A brute I might have been, but would not sink i' the scale.13·············
What is he but a brute6······
Whose flesh has soul to suit,6······
Whose spirit works lest arms and legs want play?9·/·······
To man, propose this test--6··˘/··
Thy body at its best,6·/˘···
How far can that project thy soul on its lone way?12····/˘······
Yet gifts should prove their use:6······
I own the Past profuse6····˘/
Of power each side, perfection every turn:10·/··˘/˘/˘·
Eyes, ears took in their dole,6······
Brain treasured up the whole;6·/˘···
Should not the heart beat once, "How good to live and learn"?12············
Not once beat, "Praise be Thine!6······
I see the whole design,6····˘/
I, who saw power, see now Love perfect too:10···/···/··
Perfect I call Thy plan:6˘/····
Thanks that I was a man!6······
Maker, remake, complete--I trust what Thou shalt do!"12/˘//˘/······
For pleasant is this flesh;6·/˘···
Our soul, in its rose-mesh6/·····
Pulled ever to the earth, still yearns for rest:9·/·······
Would we some prize might hold6······
To match those manifold6···/˘·
Possessions of the brute--gain most, as we did best!12˘/˘·········
Let us not always say,6···/··
"Spite of this flesh today6····˘/
I strove, made head, gained ground upon the whole!"10··········
As the bird wings and sings,6······
Let us cry, "All good things6······
Are ours, nor soul helps flesh more, now, than flesh helps soul!"12·/··········
Therefore I summon age6···/˘·
To grant youth's heritage,6···/˘˘
Life's struggle having so far reached its term:10·/˘/˘·····
Thence shall I pass, approved6····˘/
A man, for aye removed6····˘/
From the developed brute; a god though in the germ.12··˘/˘·······
And I shall thereupon6····˘/
Take rest, ere I be gone6······
Once more on my adventure brave and new:10····˘/˘···
Fearless and unperplexed,6/˘····
When I wage battle next,6···/˘·
What weapons to select, what armor to indue.12·/˘·˘/·/˘·˘/
Youth ended, I shall try6·/˘···
My gain or loss thereby;6······
Leave the fire ashes, what survives is gold:10··//˘·˘/··
And I shall weigh the same,6······
Give life its praise or blame:6······
Young, all lay in dispute; I shall know, being old.11····˘/···/·
For note, when evening shuts,6···/˘·
A certain moment cuts6·/˘/˘·
The deed off, calls the glory from the gray:10·····/˘···
A whisper from the west6·/˘···
Shoots--"Add this to the rest,6······
Take it and try its worth: here dies another day."12········˘/˘·
So, still within this life,6······
Though lifted o'er its strife,6·/˘···
Let me discern, compare, pronounce at last,10··˘/˘/˘/··
"This rage was right i' the main,7·······
That acquiescence vain:6··˘/˘·
The Future I may face now I have proved the Past."12·/˘·········
For more is not reserved6····˘/
To man, with soul just nerved6······
To act tomorrow what he learns today:10··˘/····˘/
Here, work enough to watch6··˘/··
The Master work, and catch6·/˘···
Hints of the proper craft, tricks of the tool's true play.12···/˘·······
As it was better, youth6···/˘·
Should strive, through acts uncouth,6····//
Toward making, than repose on aught found made;11··/˘·˘/····
So, better, age, exempt6·/˘·˘/
From strife, should know, than tempt6······
Further. Thou waitedst age; wait death nor be afraid!12/˘········˘/
Enough now, if the Right6˘/····
And Good and Infinite6···/˘˘
Be named here, as thou callest thy hand thine own,11·····/˘····
With knowledge absolute,6·/˘/˘·
Subject to no dispute6˘/··˘/
From fools that crowded youth, nor let thee feel alone.12···/˘·····˘/
Be there, for once and all,6······
Severed great minds from small,6/˘····
Announced to each his station in the Past!10˘/···/˘···
Was I, the world arraigned,6····˘/
Were they, my soul disdained,6····˘/
Right? Let age speak the truth and give us peace at last!12············
Now, who shall arbitrate?6···/˘·
Ten men love what I hate,6······
Shun what I follow, slight what I receive;10···/˘···˘/
Ten, who in ears and eyes6······
Match me: we all surmise,6····˘/
They this thing and I that; whom shall my soul believe?12··········˘/
Not on the vulgar mass6···/˘·
Called "work," must sentence pass,6···/˘·
Things done, that took the eye and had the price;10··········
O'er which, from level stand,6···/˘·
The low world laid its hand,6······
Found straightway to its mind, could value in a trice:12·/˘····/˘···
But all, the world's coarse thumb6······
And finger failed to plumb,6·/˘···
So passed in making up the main account;10···/˘···˘/
All instincts immature,6·/˘·˘/
All purposes unsure,6·/˘˘˘/
That weighed not as his work, yet swelled the man's amount;12··········˘/
Thoughts hardly to be packed6·/˘···
Into a narrow act,6···/˘·
Fancies that broke through language and escaped;10/˘···/˘·˘/
All I could never be,6···/˘·
All, men ignored in me,6··˘/··
This, I was worth to God, whose wheel the pitcher shaped.12·········/˘·
Aye, note that Potter's wheel,6···/˘·
That metaphor! and feel6·/˘˘··
Why time spins fast, why passive lies our clay10·····/˘·/·
Thou, to whom fools propound,6····˘/
When the wine makes its round,6······
"Since life fleets, all is change; the Past gone, seize today!"12··········˘/
Fool! All that is, at all,6······
Lasts ever, past recall;6·/˘·˘/
Earth changes, but thy soul and God stand sure:10·/˘·······
What entered into thee,6·/˘···
That was, is, and shall be:6······
Time's wheel runs back or stops; Potter and clay endure.12······/˘··˘/
He fixed thee, mid this dance6······
Of plastic circumstance,6·/˘/˘·
This Present, thou, forsooth, wouldst fain arrest:10·/˘·˘/··˘/
Machinery just meant6˘/˘˘··
To give thy soul its bent,6······
Try thee and turn thee forth, sufficiently impressed.11······˘/˘˘/
What though the earlier grooves6···/˘·
Which ran the laughing loves6···/˘·
Around thy base, no longer pause and press?10·····/˘···
What though, about thy rim,6······
Skull-things in order grim6···/˘·
Grow out, in graver mood, obey the sterner stress?12···/˘·˘/·/˘·
Look not thou down but up!6······
To uses of a cup,6·/˘···
The festal board, lamp's flash and trumpet's peal,10·/˘····/˘·
The new wine's foaming flow,6···/˘·
The Master's lips aglow!6·/˘·˘/
Thou, heaven's consummate cup, what need'st thou with earth's11·/˘/˘······
wheel?1·
But I need, now as then,6······
Thee, God, who moldest men;6···/˘·
And since, not even while the whirl was worst,9···/·····
Did I--to the wheel of life7·······
With shapes and colors rife,6···/˘·
Bound dizzily--mistake my end, to slake Thy thirst:12·/˘˘˘/······
So, take and use Thy work:6······
Amend what flaws may lurk,6˘/····
What strain o' the stuff, what warpings past the aim!11······/˘···
My times be in Thy hand!6······
Perfect the cup as planned!6˘/····
Let age approve of youth, and death complete the same!12··˘/····˘/··

On this poem

Ben Ezra was an eminent Jewish Rabbi of the Middle Ages. His Commentaries on the books of the Old Testament are of great value. Mr. A. J. Campbell, who has studied Browning's poem in connection with the writings of the real Rabbi Ben Ezra, thinks that the distinctive features of the Rabbi of the poem, and the philosophy ascribed to him, were drawn from the works of the historical Rabbi, the keynote of whose teaching was that the essential life of man is the life of the soul, and that age is more important than youth. (Berdoe, Browning Cyclopaedia. Cf. also Berdoe, Browning's Message to His Times, pp. 157-172.)
Notes from the edition 8

Notes by Myra Reynolds, Selections from the Poems and Plays of Robert Browning (Project Gutenberg #28041).

  1. Stanza 1, line 1 Grow old along with me. Cf. Saul, lines 161-162. See Matthew Arnold's "'Tis time to grow old" for a beautiful statement of the pessimistic attitude toward old age.
  2. Stanza 14, line 3 Adventure brave and new. In "Prospice" death is reckoned an adversary to be courageously met and overcome. Here the Rabbi is represented as fearless and unperplexed as he contemplates the new life he will lead after death. In both poems we find unquestioning belief in an active and progressive and happy life after death.
  3. Stanza 15, line 1 Youth ended, I shall try, etc. Compare Tennyson's "By an Evolutionist."
  4. Stanza 15, line 3 Leave the fire ashes. In this figure the "fire" stands for the conflicts of life, the "gold" for whatever has proved of permanent worth, and the "ashes" for whatever has failed to stand the test of time and experience.
  5. Stanza 16, line 2 A certain moment. The moment between the fading of the sunset glory and the shutting down of evening darkness is here selected as the moment in which to appraise the work of the day. In the application of the simile to the life of man (lines 97-102) the "moment" apparently refers to old age when man has leisure and wisdom to appraise the Past.
  6. Stanza 17, line 6 The Future. The life of his "adventure brave and new" after death.
  7. Stanza 19, line 6 Nor let thee feel alone. The solitude of age gives a chance for unhampered thought.
  8. Stanza 26, line 1 All that is, etc. Cf. "Abt Vogler," ll. 69-80.

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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