"Over the Sea Our Galleys Went"

Robert Browning (1812–1889) · 1864

iambic tetrameter · 73 lines · from Selections from the Poems and Plays of Robert Browning

Over the sea our galleys wentWith cleaving prows in order braveTo a speeding wind and a bounding wave--A gallant armament;Each bark built out of a forest-treeLeft leafy and rough as first it grew,And nailed all over the gaping sides,Within and without, with black bull-hides,Seethed in fat and suppled in flame,To bear the playful billows' game.So each good ship was rude to see,Rude and bare to the outward view,But each upbore a stately tentWhere cedar pales in scented rowKept out the flakes of the dancing brine,And an awning drooped the mast below,In fold on fold of the purple fine,That neither noontide nor starshineNor moonlight cold which maketh mad,Might pierce the regal tenement.When the sun dawned, oh, gay and gladWe set the sail and plied the oar;But when the night-wind blew like breath,For joy of one day's voyage more,We sang together on the wide sea,Like men at peace on a peaceful shore;Each sail was loosed to the wind so free,Each helm made sure by the twilight star,And in a sleep as calm as death,We, the voyagers from afar,Lay stretched along, each weary crewIn a circle round its wondrous tentWhence gleamed soft light and curled rich scent,And with light and perfume, music too.So the stars wheeled round, and the darkness passed,And at morn we started beside the mast,And still each ship was sailing fast.

Now one morn land appeared--a speckDim trembling betwixt sea and sky."Avoid it," cried our pilot, "checkThe shout, restrain the eager eye!"But the heaving sea was black behindFor many a night and many a day,And land, though but a rock, drew nigh;So we broke the cedar pales away,Let the purple awning flap in the wind,And a statue bright was on every deck!We shouted, every man of us,And steered right into the harbor thus,With pomp and paean glorious.

A hundred shapes of lucid stone!All day we built its shrine for each,A shrine of rock for everyone,Nor paused till in the westering sunWe sat together on the beachTo sing because our task was done.When lo! what shouts and merry songs!What laughter all the distance stirs!A loaded raft with happy throngsOf gentle islanders!"Our isles are just at hand," they cried,"Like cloudlets faint in even sleeping;Our temple-gates are opened wide,Our olive-groves thick shade are keepingFor these majestic forms"--they cried.Oh, then we awoke with sudden startFrom our deep dream, and knew, too late,How bare the rock, how desolate,Which had received our precious freight.Yet we called out--"Depart!Our gifts once given must here abide.Our work is done; we have no heartTo mar our work"--we cried.

Words in this poem 15
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
armament n.
A body of forces equipped for war; -- used of a land or naval force. [L. armamenta, pl., utensils, esp. the tackle of a ship, fr. armare to arm: cf. LL. armamentum, F. armement.]
awning n.
A rooflike cover, usually of canvas, extended over or before any place as a shelter from the sun, rain, or wind. [Origin uncertain: cf. F. auvent awing, or Pers. awan, awang, anything suspended, or LG. havening a place sheltered from wind and weather, E. haven.]
noontide n.
The time of noon; midday. [From noon + tide time; cf. AS. n the ninth hour.]
starshine n.
The light of the stars.
afar adv.
At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off. [Pref. a-.(for on or of) + far.]
wondrous adv.
In a wonderful or surprising manner or degree; wonderfully. [OE. wonders, adv. (later also adj.). See Wonder, n., and cf. -wards.]
morn n.
The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
betwixt prep.
In the space which separates; between. [OE. betwix, bitwix, rarely bitwixt, AS. betweox, betweohs, betweoh, betwih; pref. be- by + a form fr. AS. twa two. See Between.]
avoid v. t.
To empty. Wyclif. [OF. esvuidier, es (L. ex) + vuidier, voidier, to empty. See Void, a.]
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
glorious a.
Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.]
everyone n.
Everybody; -- commonly separated, every one. [OE. everychon.]
westering a.
Passing to the west.
depart v. i.
To part; to divide; to separate. [OE. departen to divide, part, depart, F. départir to divide, distribute, se départir to separate one's self, depart; pref. dé- (L. de) + partir to part, depart,]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

"Over the Sea Our Galleys Went" is in the public domain. This text is taken from Selections from the Poems and Plays of Robert Browning, Project Gutenberg ebook #28041; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Robert Browning, "Over the Sea Our Galleys Went", in Selections from the Poems and Plays of Robert Browning (1864), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #28041, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/browning-selections/over-the-sea-our-galleys-went.html, id L25075.

Form and metre

"Over the Sea Our Galleys Went" is 73 lines in 3 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 86%).

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABBA--CCDD---EFEFFG-GH-HIHIJ-JKLLKMMM wentA · braveB · waveB · armamentA · tree · grew · sidesC · hidesC · flameD · gameD · see · view · tent · rowE · brineF · belowE · fineF · starshineF · madG · tenement · gladG · oarH · breath · moreH · seaI · shoreH · freeI · starJ · death · afarJ · crewK · tentL · scentL · tooK · passedM · mastM · fastM
  2. 2 ABABCDBDCAEEE speckA · skyB · checkA · eyeB · behindC · dayD · nighB · awayD · windC · deckA · usE · thusE · gloriousE
  3. 3 -ABBABCDCDEFEFEGHHHGEGE stone · eachA · everyoneB · sunB · beachA · doneB · songsC · stirsD · throngsC · islandersD · criedE · sleepingF · wideE · keepingF · criedE · startG · lateH · desolateH · freightH · departG · abideE · heartG · criedE
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Over the sea our galleys went8···/˘/˘·
With cleaving prows in order brave8·/˘··/˘·
To a speeding wind and a bounding wave--10··/˘···/˘·
A gallant armament;6·/˘/˘˘
Each bark built out of a forest-tree9······/˘·
Left leafy and rough as first it grew,9·/˘······
And nailed all over the gaping sides,8·····/˘·
Within and without, with black bull-hides,9·········
Seethed in fat and suppled in flame,8····/˘··
To bear the playful billows' game.8···/˘/˘·
So each good ship was rude to see,8········
Rude and bare to the outward view,8·····/˘·
But each upbore a stately tent8·····/˘·
Where cedar pales in scented row8·/˘··/˘·
Kept out the flakes of the dancing brine,9······/˘·
And an awning drooped the mast below,9··/˘·····
In fold on fold of the purple fine,9······/˘·
That neither noontide nor starshine8·/˘/˘·/˘
Nor moonlight cold which maketh mad,8·/······
Might pierce the regal tenement.8···/˘/˘˘
When the sun dawned, oh, gay and glad8········
We set the sail and plied the oar;8········
But when the night-wind blew like breath,8········
For joy of one day's voyage more,8·····/˘·
We sang together on the wide sea,9··˘/˘····
Like men at peace on a peaceful shore;9······/˘·
Each sail was loosed to the wind so free,9·········
Each helm made sure by the twilight star,9······/··
And in a sleep as calm as death,8········
We, the voyagers from afar,8··/˘˘·˘/
Lay stretched along, each weary crew8··˘/·/˘·
In a circle round its wondrous tent9··/˘··/˘·
Whence gleamed soft light and curled rich scent,8········
And with light and perfume, music too.9····˘//˘·
So the stars wheeled round, and the darkness passed,10·······/˘·
And at morn we started beside the mast,10····/˘·/··
And still each ship was sailing fast.8·····/˘·
Now one morn land appeared--a speck8····˘/··
Dim trembling betwixt sea and sky.8·/˘˘/···
"Avoid it," cried our pilot, "check8˘/··//˘·
The shout, restrain the eager eye!"8··˘/·/˘·
But the heaving sea was black behind9··/˘·····
For many a night and many a day,8·/···/··
And land, though but a rock, drew nigh;8········
So we broke the cedar pales away,9····/˘·˘/
Let the purple awning flap in the wind,10··/˘/˘····
And a statue bright was on every deck!10··/····/˘·
We shouted, every man of us,8·/˘/˘···
And steered right into the harbor thus,9······/˘·
With pomp and paean glorious.8···/˘/˘˘
A hundred shapes of lucid stone!8·/˘··/˘·
All day we built its shrine for each,8········
A shrine of rock for everyone,8·····/˘·
Nor paused till in the westering sun8·····/˘·
We sat together on the beach8··˘/˘···
To sing because our task was done.8····/···
When lo! what shouts and merry songs!8·····/˘·
What laughter all the distance stirs!8·/˘··/˘·
A loaded raft with happy throngs8·/˘··/˘·
Of gentle islanders!6·/˘/˘˘
"Our isles are just at hand," they cried,8/·······
"Like cloudlets faint in even sleeping;9·····/˘/˘
Our temple-gates are opened wide,8//˘··/˘·
Our olive-groves thick shade are keeping9//˘····/˘
For these majestic forms"--they cried.8··˘/˘···
Oh, then we awoke with sudden start9···˘/·/˘·
From our deep dream, and knew, too late,8·/······
How bare the rock, how desolate,8·····/˘·
Which had received our precious freight.8··˘///˘·
Yet we called out--"Depart!7···˘·˘/
Our gifts once given must here abide.8/··/··˘/
Our work is done; we have no heart8/·······
To mar our work"--we cried.7··/˘···

On this poem

When Paracelsus confesses the failure of his pursuit of absolute knowledge, his friend Festus urges him to redeem the past by making new use of what he has gained; but Paracelsus has no courage to attempt a reorganization of his life in accordance with a new ideal. His answer to Festus is the second of the three songs. He afterwards calls it, "The sad rhyme of the men who proudly clung To their first fault and withered in their pride." The song is a beautiful and clear allegory, vivid in its pictures, rapid and musical.

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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