A Grammarian's Funeral
Let us begin and carry up this corpse,Singing together.Leave we the common crofts, the vulgar thorpesEach in its tetherSleeping safe on the bosom of the plain,Cared-for till cock-crow;Look out if yonder be not day againRimming the rock-row!That's the appropriate country; there, man's thought,Rarer, intenser,Self-gathered for an outbreak, as it ought,Chafes in the censer.Leave we the unlettered plain its herd and crop;Seek we sepultureOn a tall mountain, citied to the top,Crowded with culture!All the peaks soar, but one the rest excels;Clouds overcome it;No! yonder sparkle is the citadel'sCircling its summit.Thither our path lies; wind we up the heights;Wait ye the warning?Our low life was the level's and the night's;He's for the morning.Step to a tune, square chests, erect each head,'Ware the beholders!This is our master, famous, calm, and dead,Borne on our shoulders.
Sleep, crop and herd! sleep, darkling thorpe and croft,Safe from the weather!He, whom we convoy to his grave aloft,Singing together,He was a man born with thy face and throat,Lyric Apollo!Long he lived nameless; how should Spring take noteWinter would follow?Till lo, the little touch, and youth was gone!Cramped and diminished,Moaned he, "New measures, other feet anon!My dance is finished"?No, that's the world's way: (keep the mountain-side,Make for the city!)He knew the signal, and stepped on with prideOver men's pity;Left play for work, and grappled with the worldBent on escaping:"What's in the scroll," quoth he, "thou keepest furled?Show me their shaping,Theirs who most studied man, the bard and sage--Give!"--So, he gowned him,Straight got by heart that book to its last page:Learned, we found him.Yea, but we found him bald, too, eyes like lead,Accents uncertain:"Time to taste life," another would have said,"Up with the curtain!"This man said rather, "Actual life comes next?Patience a moment!Grant I have mastered learning's crabbed text,Still there's the comment.Let me know all! Prate not of most or least,Painful or easy!Even to the crumbs I'd fain eat up the feast,Aye, nor feel queasy."Oh, such a life as he resolved to live,When he had learned it,When he had gathered all books had to give!Sooner, he spurned it.Image the whole, then execute the parts--Fancy the fabricQuite, ere you build, ere steel strike fire from quartz.Ere mortar dab brick!
(Here's the town-gate reached: there's the market-placeGaping before us.)Yea, this in him was the peculiar grace(Hearten our chorus!)That before living he'd learn how to live--No end to learning:Earn the means first--God surely will contriveUse for our earning.Others mistrust and say, "But time escapes:Live now or never!"He said, "What's time? Leave Now for dogs and apes!Man has Forever."Back to his book then: deeper drooped his head:Calculus racked him:Leaden before, his eyes grew dross of lead:Tussis attacked him."Now, master, take a little rest!"--not he!(Caution redoubled,Step two abreast, the way winds narrowly!)Not a whit troubled,Back to his studies, fresher than at first,Fierce as a dragonHe (soul-hydroptic with a sacred thirst)Sucked at the flagon.Oh, if we draw a circle premature,Heedless of far gain,Greedy for quick returns of profit, sureBad is our bargain!Was it not great? did not he throw on God,(He loves the burthen)--God's task to make the heavenly periodPerfect the earthen?Did not he magnify the mind, show clearJust what it all meant?He would not discount life, as fools do here,Paid by installment.He ventured neck or nothing--heaven's successFound, or earth's failure:"Wilt thou trust death or not?" He answered, "Yes!Hence with life's pale lure!"That low man seeks a little thing to do,Sees it and does it:This high man, with a great thing to pursue,Dies ere he knows it.That low man goes on adding one to one,His hundred's soon hit:This high man, aiming at a million,Misses an unit.That, has the world here--should he need the next,Let the world mind him!This, throws himself on God, and unperplexedSeeking shall find him.So, with the throttling hands of death at strife,Ground he at grammar;Still, through the rattle, parts of speech were rife:While he could stammerHe settled Hoti's business--let it be!--Properly based Oun--Gave us the doctrine of the enclitic De,Dead from the waist down.Well, here's the platform, here's the proper place:Hail to your purlieus,All ye highfliers of the feathered race,Swallows and curlews!Here's the top-peak; the multitude belowLive, for they can, there:This man decided not to Live but Know--Bury this man there?Here--here's his place, where meteors shoot, clouds form,Lightnings are loosened,Stars come and go! Let joy break with the storm,Peace let the dew send!Lofty designs must close in like effects:Loftily lying,Leave him--still loftier than the world suspects,Living and dying.
Words in this poem 26
- corpse n.
- A human body in general, whether living or dead; -- sometimes contemptuosly. [OF. cors (sometimes written corps), F. corps, L. corpus; akin to AS. hrif womb. See Midriff, and cf. Corse, Corselet, Corps, Cuerpo.]
- tether n.
- A long rope or chain by which an animal is fastened, as to a stake, so that it can range or feed only within certain limits. [Formerly tedder, OE. tedir; akin to LG. tider, tier, Icel. tjo, Dan. töir. *64.]
- yonder adv.
- At a distance, but within view. [OE. yonder, ýonder; cf. OD. ginder, Goth. jaindr there. Yond, adv.]
- outbreak n.
- A bursting forth; eruption; insurrection.
- ought p. p.
- Was or were under obligation to pay; owed. [Orig. the preterit of the verb to owe. OE. oughte, aughte, ahte, AS. ahte. sq. root110. See Owe.]
- censer n.
- A vessel for perfumes; esp. one in which incense is burned. [For incenser, fr. OF. encensier, F. encensoir, fr. LL. incensarium, incensorium, fr. L. incensum incense. See Incense, and cf. Incensory.]
- sepulture n.
- The act of depositing the dead body of a human being in the grave; burial; interment. [F. sépulture, L. sepultura, fr. sepelire, sepultum, to bury.]
- citied a.
- Belonging to, or resembling, a city.
- darkling a.
- Becoming dark or gloomy; frowing.
- thorpe n.
- A group of houses in the country; a small village; a hamlet; a dorp; -- now chiefly occurring in names of places and persons; as, Althorp, Mablethorpe. [AS. þorp; akin to OS. & OFries. thorp, D. dorp, G. dorf, Icel. þorp, Dan. torp, Sw. torp a cottage, a little farm, Goth. þaúrp a field, and probably to Lith. tr]
- convoy v. t.
- To accompany for protection, either by sea or land; to attend for protection; to escort; as, a frigate convoys a merchantman. [F. convoyer, OF. conveier, convoier. See Convey.]
- nameless a.
- Without a name; not having been given a name; as, a nameless star.
- anon adv.
- Straightway; at once. [OE. anoon, anon, anan, lit., in one (moment), fr. AS. on in + an one. See On and One.]
- quoth v. t.
- Said; spoke; uttered; -- used only in the first and third persons in the past tenses, and always followed by its nominative, the word or words said being the object; as, quoth I. quoth he. [AS.cweedhan, imp cwæedh, pl. cwædon; akin to OS. queedhan, OHG. quethan, quedan, Icel. kveedha, Goth. qiþan. sq. root22. Cf. Bequeath.]
- gowned p. a.
- Dressed in a gown; clad.
- fain v. t.
- To be glad ; to wish or desire.
- queasy a.
- Sick at the stomach; affected with nausea; inclined to vomit; qualmish. [Icel. kweisa pain; cf. Norw. kveis sickness after a debauch.]
- hearten v. t.
- To encourage; to animate; to incite or stimulate the courage of; to embolden. [From Heart.]
- earning n.
- That which is earned; wages gained by work or services; money earned; -- used commonly in the plural.
- whit n.
- The smallest part or particle imaginable; a bit; a jot; an iota; -- generally used in an adverbial phrase in a negative sentence. [OE. wight, wiht, AS. wiht a creature, a thing. See Wight, and cf. Aught, Naught.]
- flagon n.
- A vessel with a narrow mouth, used for holding and conveying liquors. It is generally larger than a bottle, and of leather or stoneware rather than of glass. [F. flacon, for flascon, fr. OF. flasche, from LL. flasco. See Flask.]
- installment n.
- The act of installing; installation. [Written also instalment.]
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- strife n.
- The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
- rife a.
- Prevailing; prevalent; abounding. [AS. rif abundant, or Icel. rifr munificent; akin to OD. riff, rijve, abundant.]
- loftily adv.
- In a lofty manner or position; haughtily. [From Lofty.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
A Grammarian's Funeral is in the public domain. This text is taken from Selections from the Poems and Plays of Robert Browning, Project Gutenberg ebook #28041; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Robert Browning, A Grammarian's Funeral, in Selections from the Poems and Plays of Robert Browning (1864), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #28041, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/browning-selections/a-grammarian-s-funeral.html, id L25104.
Form and metre
A Grammarian's Funeral is 148 lines in 3 stanzas.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 -A-ABCBCDEDEFGFGHIHIJKJKLMLM corpse · togetherA · thorpes · tetherA · plainB · crowC · againB · rowC · thoughtD · intenserE · oughtD · censerE · cropF · sepultureG · topF · cultureG · excelsH · itI · citadel'sH · summitI · heightsJ · warningK · night'sJ · morningK · headL · beholdersM · deadL · shouldersM
- 2 ABABCDCD-E-EFGFGHIHIJ-J-KLKLM-M-NONO-----P-P croftA · weatherB · aloftA · togetherB · throatC · apolloD · noteC · followD · gone · diminishedE · anon · finishedE · sideF · cityG · prideF · pityG · worldH · escapingI · furledH · shapingI · sageJ · him · pageJ · him · leadK · uncertainL · saidK · curtainL · nextM · moment · textM · comment · leastN · easyO · feastN · queasyO · live · it · give · it · parts · fabricP · quartz · brickP
- 3 AAAABCBCDEDEF-F--G-GHIHIJIJIKLKLMNMNO-O-PQPQRQRQS-S-TUTUV-V-W-W-X-X-YZYZabab placeA · usA · graceA · chorusA · liveB · learningC · contriveB · earningC · escapesD · neverE · apesD · foreverE · headF · him · leadF · him · he · redoubledG · narrowly · troubledG · firstH · dragonI · thirstH · flagonI · prematureJ · gainI · sureJ · bargainI · godK · burthenL · periodK · earthenL · clearM · meantN · hereM · installmentN · successO · failure · yesO · lure · doP · itQ · pursueP · itQ · oneR · hitQ · millionR · unitQ · nextS · him · unperplexedS · him · strifeT · grammarU · rifeT · stammerU · beV · oun · deV · down · placeW · purlieus · raceW · curlews · belowX · there · knowX · there · formY · loosenedZ · stormY · sendZ · effectsa · lyingb · suspectsa · dyingb
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Let us begin and carry up this corpse, | 10 | ··˘/·/˘··· |
| Singing together. | 5 | /˘˘/˘ |
| Leave we the common crofts, the vulgar thorpes | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Each in its tether | 5 | ···/˘ |
| Sleeping safe on the bosom of the plain, | 10 | /˘···/˘··· |
| Cared-for till cock-crow; | 5 | ····· |
| Look out if yonder be not day again | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| Rimming the rock-row! | 5 | /˘··· |
| That's the appropriate country; there, man's thought, | 10 | ··˘/˘/˘··· |
| Rarer, intenser, | 5 | /˘··· |
| Self-gathered for an outbreak, as it ought, | 10 | ·/˘··/···· |
| Chafes in the censer. | 5 | ···/˘ |
| Leave we the unlettered plain its herd and crop; | 11 | ··········· |
| Seek we sepulture | 5 | ··/˘˘ |
| On a tall mountain, citied to the top, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Crowded with culture! | 5 | /˘·/˘ |
| All the peaks soar, but one the rest excels; | 10 | ········˘/ |
| Clouds overcome it; | 5 | ·/˘·· |
| No! yonder sparkle is the citadel's | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| Circling its summit. | 6 | /˘˘·/˘ |
| Thither our path lies; wind we up the heights; | 10 | /˘/······· |
| Wait ye the warning? | 5 | ···/˘ |
| Our low life was the level's and the night's; | 10 | /····/˘··· |
| He's for the morning. | 5 | ···/˘ |
| Step to a tune, square chests, erect each head, | 10 | ······˘/·· |
| 'Ware the beholders! | 5 | ··˘/˘ |
| This is our master, famous, calm, and dead, | 10 | ··//˘/˘··· |
| Borne on our shoulders. | 6 | ··/˘/˘ |
| Sleep, crop and herd! sleep, darkling thorpe and croft, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Safe from the weather! | 5 | ···/˘ |
| He, whom we convoy to his grave aloft, | 10 | ···/····˘/ |
| Singing together, | 5 | /˘˘/˘ |
| He was a man born with thy face and throat, | 10 | ·········· |
| Lyric Apollo! | 5 | /˘˘/˘ |
| Long he lived nameless; how should Spring take note | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Winter would follow? | 5 | /˘·/˘ |
| Till lo, the little touch, and youth was gone! | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Cramped and diminished, | 5 | ··˘/˘ |
| Moaned he, "New measures, other feet anon! | 10 | ···/˘/˘·˘/ |
| My dance is finished"? | 5 | ···/˘ |
| No, that's the world's way: (keep the mountain-side, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Make for the city!) | 5 | ···/˘ |
| He knew the signal, and stepped on with pride | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Over men's pity; | 5 | ···/˘ |
| Left play for work, and grappled with the world | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Bent on escaping: | 5 | ··˘/˘ |
| "What's in the scroll," quoth he, "thou keepest furled? | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Show me their shaping, | 5 | ···/˘ |
| Theirs who most studied man, the bard and sage-- | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Give!"--So, he gowned him, | 5 | ····· |
| Straight got by heart that book to its last page: | 10 | ·········· |
| Learned, we found him. | 4 | ···· |
| Yea, but we found him bald, too, eyes like lead, | 10 | ·········· |
| Accents uncertain: | 5 | /˘˘/˘ |
| "Time to taste life," another would have said, | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| "Up with the curtain!" | 5 | ···/˘ |
| This man said rather, "Actual life comes next? | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Patience a moment! | 5 | /˘·/˘ |
| Grant I have mastered learning's crabbed text, | 9 | ···/˘/˘·· |
| Still there's the comment. | 5 | ···/˘ |
| Let me know all! Prate not of most or least, | 10 | ·········· |
| Painful or easy! | 5 | /˘·/˘ |
| Even to the crumbs I'd fain eat up the feast, | 10 | /········· |
| Aye, nor feel queasy." | 5 | ···/˘ |
| Oh, such a life as he resolved to live, | 10 | ······˘/·· |
| When he had learned it, | 5 | ····· |
| When he had gathered all books had to give! | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Sooner, he spurned it. | 5 | /˘··· |
| Image the whole, then execute the parts-- | 10 | /˘···/˘··· |
| Fancy the fabric | 5 | /˘·/˘ |
| Quite, ere you build, ere steel strike fire from quartz. | 10 | ·······/·· |
| Ere mortar dab brick! | 5 | ·/˘·· |
| (Here's the town-gate reached: there's the market-place | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Gaping before us.) | 5 | /˘··· |
| Yea, this in him was the peculiar grace | 10 | ······˘/˘· |
| (Hearten our chorus!) | 6 | /˘/˘/˘ |
| That before living he'd learn how to live-- | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| No end to learning: | 5 | ···/˘ |
| Earn the means first--God surely will contrive | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| Use for our earning. | 6 | ··/˘/˘ |
| Others mistrust and say, "But time escapes: | 10 | /˘˘/····˘/ |
| Live now or never!" | 5 | ···/˘ |
| He said, "What's time? Leave Now for dogs and apes! | 10 | ·········· |
| Man has Forever." | 5 | ··˘/˘ |
| Back to his book then: deeper drooped his head: | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Calculus racked him: | 5 | /˘˘·· |
| Leaden before, his eyes grew dross of lead: | 10 | /˘········ |
| Tussis attacked him. | 5 | /˘˘/· |
| "Now, master, take a little rest!"--not he! | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| (Caution redoubled, | 5 | /˘˘/˘ |
| Step two abreast, the way winds narrowly!) | 10 | ··˘/···/˘˘ |
| Not a whit troubled, | 5 | ···/˘ |
| Back to his studies, fresher than at first, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Fierce as a dragon | 5 | ···/˘ |
| He (soul-hydroptic with a sacred thirst) | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Sucked at the flagon. | 5 | ···/˘ |
| Oh, if we draw a circle premature, | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| Heedless of far gain, | 5 | /˘··· |
| Greedy for quick returns of profit, sure | 10 | /˘··˘/·/˘· |
| Bad is our bargain! | 6 | ··/˘/˘ |
| Was it not great? did not he throw on God, | 10 | ·········· |
| (He loves the burthen)-- | 5 | ···/˘ |
| God's task to make the heavenly period | 11 | ·····/˘˘/˘˘ |
| Perfect the earthen? | 5 | ˘/·/˘ |
| Did not he magnify the mind, show clear | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Just what it all meant? | 5 | ····· |
| He would not discount life, as fools do here, | 10 | ···˘/····· |
| Paid by installment. | 5 | ··˘/˘ |
| He ventured neck or nothing--heaven's success | 11 | ·/˘··/˘/˘˘/ |
| Found, or earth's failure: | 5 | ···/˘ |
| "Wilt thou trust death or not?" He answered, "Yes! | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Hence with life's pale lure!" | 5 | ····· |
| That low man seeks a little thing to do, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Sees it and does it: | 5 | ····· |
| This high man, with a great thing to pursue, | 10 | ········˘/ |
| Dies ere he knows it. | 5 | ····· |
| That low man goes on adding one to one, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| His hundred's soon hit: | 5 | ·/˘·· |
| This high man, aiming at a million, | 9 | ···/˘··/˘ |
| Misses an unit. | 5 | /˘·/˘ |
| That, has the world here--should he need the next, | 10 | ·········· |
| Let the world mind him! | 5 | ····· |
| This, throws himself on God, and unperplexed | 10 | ··˘/······ |
| Seeking shall find him. | 5 | /˘··· |
| So, with the throttling hands of death at strife, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Ground he at grammar; | 5 | ···/˘ |
| Still, through the rattle, parts of speech were rife: | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| While he could stammer | 5 | ···/˘ |
| He settled Hoti's business--let it be!-- | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Properly based Oun-- | 5 | /˘˘·· |
| Gave us the doctrine of the enclitic De, | 11 | ···/˘··˘/˘· |
| Dead from the waist down. | 5 | ····· |
| Well, here's the platform, here's the proper place: | 10 | ···/···/˘· |
| Hail to your purlieus, | 5 | ····· |
| All ye highfliers of the feathered race, | 10 | ··/·˘··/˘· |
| Swallows and curlews! | 5 | /˘··· |
| Here's the top-peak; the multitude below | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Live, for they can, there: | 5 | ····· |
| This man decided not to Live but Know-- | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| Bury this man there? | 5 | /˘··· |
| Here--here's his place, where meteors shoot, clouds form, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Lightnings are loosened, | 5 | /˘·/˘ |
| Stars come and go! Let joy break with the storm, | 10 | ·········· |
| Peace let the dew send! | 5 | ····· |
| Lofty designs must close in like effects: | 10 | /˘˘/····˘/ |
| Loftily lying, | 5 | /˘˘/˘ |
| Leave him--still loftier than the world suspects, | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| Living and dying. | 5 | /˘·/˘ |
On this poem
Notes from the edition 17
Notes by Myra Reynolds, Selections from the Poems and Plays of Robert Browning (Project Gutenberg #28041).
- Stanza 1, line 3 Leave we the common crofts. As the procession starts up the hill they leave behind them the small farms and little villages of the plain.
- Stanza 1, line 8 Rock-row. Day is just breaking over the rocky summits of the mountains.
- Stanza 1, line 9 There, man's thought. The smoking crater of a volcano, described as a censer from which rise the fumes of incense, portends an outbreak of subterranean fire. The speaker fancifully considers this an appropriate spot in which to bury the scholar whose passionate eagerness of thought chafed continually against the bounds of custom and ignorance and human weakness.
- Stanza 1, line 14 Sepulture. Pronounced here, sepulture. A burial place or tomb.
- Stanza 1, line 25 Step to a tune. Here and in various other places, as lines 41, 73, 76, etc., are directions to the pallbearers.
- Stanza 2, line 6 Lyric Apollo. The god Apollo was the ideal of manly beauty. The Grammarian was, it seems, endowed with rare charm of face and form.
- Stanza 2, line 7 Long he lived nameless. Youth had passed before the Grammarian really entered upon his quest for knowledge. But he did not despair. His vanishing of youth was but a signal to "leave play for work."
- Stanza 2, line 17 Grappled with the world. The world of knowledge, especially ancient learning, which was recovered slowly and with difficulty.
- Stanza 2, line 21 Theirs. He wishes to study the "shaping" or writings of poets and sages.
- Stanza 2, line 22 Gowned. Put on the scholastic gown.
- Stanza 2, line 36 Queasy. Sick at the stomach. He could not get knowledge enough to make him feel a distaste for it.
- Stanza 2, line 37 "It" in l. 66 refers to l. 67. The "it" in l. 68 refers to "such a life," l. 65.
- Stanza 2, line 42 Fancy the fabric. Under the figure of making a complete plan before beginning to build a house, he describes the Grammarian's purpose to know the whole scheme of life before he lived out any part of it.
- Stanza 3, line 14 Calculus and tussis (l. 88) are diseases, the stone and bronchitis, that attacked him.
- Stanza 3, line 23 Soul-hydroptic. "Hydroptic" is a rare word for "thirsty."
- Stanza 3, line 31 God's task, etc. He neglected the body, magnified the mind, and believed that the full realization of his aspirations would come in "the heavenly period."
- Stanza 3, line 41 That low man. This comparison between the "low man" and the "high man" could be effectively illustrated from "Andrea del Sarto." Andrea is the "low man" who with his skillful hand "goes on adding one to one" till he attains his "hundred," or excellence of technique. But the other painters, the ones with the "truer light of God" in them, reach the heaven above and take their place there although what they see transcends the power of their art to tell. They miss the "unit" of an adequate technique, but they gain the "million" of spiritual insight.
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