My Last Duchess

Robert Browning (1812–1889) · 1842

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 56 lines · from Dramatic Lyrics

That's my last Duchess painted on the wall,Looking as if she were alive. I callThat piece a wonder, now: Fra Pandolf's handsWorked busily a day, and there she stands.Will't please you sit and look at her? I said"Fra Pandolf" by design, for never readStrangers like you that pictured countenance,The depth and passion of its earnest glance,But to myself they turned (since none puts bythe curtain I have drawn for you, but I)And seemed as they would ask me, if they durst,How such a glance came there; so, not the firstAre you to turn and ask thus. Sir, 'twas notHer husband's presence only, called that spotOf joy into the Duchess' cheek: perhapsFra Pandolf chanced to say "Her mantle lapsOver my lady's wrist too much," or "PaintMust never hope to reproduce the faintHalf-flush that dies along her throat"; such stuffWas courtesy, she thought, and cause enoughFor calling up that spot of joy. She hadA heart--how shall I say--too soon made glad,Too easily impressed; she liked whate'erShe looked on, and her looks went everywhere.Sir, 'twas all one! My favour at her breast,The dropping of the daylight in the West,The bough of cherries some officious foolBroke in the orchard for her, the white muleShe rode with round the terrace--all and eachWould draw from her alike the approving speech,Or blush, at least. She thanked men--good! but thankedSomehow--I know not how--as if she rankedMy gift of a nine-hundred-years-old nameWith anybody's gift. Who'd stoop to blameThis sort of trifling? Even had you skillIn speech (which I have not) to make your willQuite clear to such an one, and say, "Just thisOr that in you disgusts me; here you miss,Or there exceed the mark"--and if she letHerself be lessoned so, nor plainly setHer wits to yours, forsooth, and made excuse,E'en that would be some stooping; and I chooseNever to stoop. Oh sir, she smiled, no doubt,Whene'er I passed her; but who passed withoutMuch the same smile? This grew; I gave commands;Then all smiles stopped together. There she standsAs if alive. Will't please you rise? We'll meetThe company below, then. I repeat,The Count your master's known munificenceIs ample warrant that no just pretenceOf mine for dowry will be disallowed;Though his fair daughter's self, as I avowedAt starting, is my object. Nay, we'll goTogether down, sir. Notice Neptune, though,Taming a sea-horse, thought a rarity,Which Claus of Innsbruck cast in bronze for me!

Words in this poem 16
duchess n.
The wife or widow of a duke; also, a lady who has the sovereignty of a duchy in her own right. [F. duchesse, fr. duc duke.]
busily adv.
In a busy manner.
pictured a.
Furnished with pictures; represented by a picture or pictures; as, a pictured scene.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
favour n.
Kind regard; propitious aspect; countenance; friendly disposition; kindness; good will. [Written also favour.]
daylight n.
The light of day as opposed to the darkness of night; the light of the sun, as opposed to that of the moon or to artificial light.
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
rode n.
Redness; complexion. [See Rud.]
approving a.
Expressing approbation; commending; as, an approving smile.
somehow adv.
In one way or another; in some way not yet known or designated; by some means; as, the thing must be done somehow; he lives somehow.
forsooth v. t.
To address respectfully with the term forsooth.
munificence n.
Means of defense; fortification. [Cf. L. munire to fortify.]
pretence n.
The act of laying claim; the claim laid; assumption; pretension. [LL. praetensus, for L. praetentus, p. p. of praetendere. See Pretend, and cf. Tension.]
dowry n.
A gift; endowment. [Contr. from dowery; cf. LL. dotarium. See Dower.]
rarity n.
The quality or state of being rare; rareness; thinness; as, the rarity (contrasted with the density) of gases. [L. raritas: cf. F. rareté. See Rare.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

My Last Duchess is in the public domain. This text is taken from Dramatic Romances, Project Gutenberg ebook #4253; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Robert Browning, My Last Duchess, in Dramatic Lyrics (1842), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #4253, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/browning-dramatic-lyrics/my-last-duchess.html, id L03536.

Form and metre

My Last Duchess is 56 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets, 89% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, as Wikipedia: My Last Duchess has it. 94% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.8 syllables. 3 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 64% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKK--LLMMNNOOPPQQRRSS--TTUUVVWWXXYY-- wallA · callA · handsB · standsB · saidC · readC · countenanceD · glanceD · byE · iE · durstF · firstF · notG · spotG · perhapsH · lapsH · paintI · faintI · stuffJ · enoughJ · hadK · gladK · whate'er · everywhere · breastL · westL · foolM · muleM · eachN · speechN · thankedO · rankedO · nameP · blameP · skillQ · willQ · thisR · missR · letS · setS · excuse · choose · doubtT · withoutT · commandsU · standsU · meetV · repeatV · munificenceW · pretenceW · disallowedX · avowedX · goY · thoughY · rarity · me
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
That's my last Duchess painted on the wall,10···/˘/˘···
Looking as if she were alive. I call10/˘····˘/··
That piece a wonder, now: Fra Pandolf's hands10···/˘·····
Worked busily a day, and there she stands.9·/˘······
Will't please you sit and look at her? I said10··········
"Fra Pandolf" by design, for never read9····˘/·/·
Strangers like you that pictured countenance,9/˘···/˘/˘
The depth and passion of its earnest glance,10···/˘··/˘·
But to myself they turned (since none puts by10···/······
the curtain I have drawn for you, but I)10·/˘·······
And seemed as they would ask me, if they durst,10··········
How such a glance came there; so, not the first10··········
Are you to turn and ask thus. Sir, 'twas not10··········
Her husband's presence only, called that spot10·/˘/˘/˘···
Of joy into the Duchess' cheek: perhaps10·····/˘·˘/
Fra Pandolf chanced to say "Her mantle laps10·······/˘·
Over my lady's wrist too much," or "Paint9··/˘·····
Must never hope to reproduce the faint9·/···˘/··
Half-flush that dies along her throat"; such stuff10····˘/····
Was courtesy, she thought, and cause enough9·/˘····˘/
For calling up that spot of joy. She had10·/˘·······
A heart--how shall I say--too soon made glad,10··········
Too easily impressed; she liked whate'er10·/˘˘/··˘˘/
She looked on, and her looks went everywhere.10·······/˘·
Sir, 'twas all one! My favour at her breast,10·····/˘···
The dropping of the daylight in the West,10·/˘··/····
The bough of cherries some officious fool10···/˘·˘/˘·
Broke in the orchard for her, the white mule10···/˘·····
She rode with round the terrace--all and each10·····/˘···
Would draw from her alike the approving speech,11····˘/·˘/˘·
Or blush, at least. She thanked men--good! but thanked10··········
Somehow--I know not how--as if she ranked10/·········
My gift of a nine-hundred-years-old name10·····/˘···
With anybody's gift. Who'd stoop to blame8·/˘·····
This sort of trifling? Even had you skill9···/˘/···
In speech (which I have not) to make your will10··········
Quite clear to such an one, and say, "Just this10··········
Or that in you disgusts me; here you miss,10····˘/····
Or there exceed the mark"--and if she let10··˘/······
Herself be lessoned so, nor plainly set10˘/·/˘··/˘·
Her wits to yours, forsooth, and made excuse,10····˘/··˘/
E'en that would be some stooping; and I choose10·····/˘···
Never to stoop. Oh sir, she smiled, no doubt,9/········
Whene'er I passed her; but who passed without11···········
Much the same smile? This grew; I gave commands;10········˘/
Then all smiles stopped together. There she stands10····˘/˘···
As if alive. Will't please you rise? We'll meet10··˘/······
The company below, then. I repeat,9·/˘····˘/
The Count your master's known munificence10···/˘·˘/˘˘
Is ample warrant that no just pretence10·/˘/˘·····
Of mine for dowry will be disallowed;10···/˘···˘/
Though his fair daughter's self, as I avowed10···/˘···˘/
At starting, is my object. Nay, we'll go10·/˘··/˘···
Together down, sir. Notice Neptune, though,10˘/˘··/˘/˘·
Taming a sea-horse, thought a rarity,9/˘·····/˘
Which Claus of Innsbruck cast in bronze for me!10··········

On this poem

"My Last Duchess" puts in the mouth of a Duke of Ferrara, a typical husband and art patron of the Renaissance, a description of his last wife, whose happy nature and universal kindliness were a perpetual affront to his exacting self-predominance, and whose suppression, by his command, has made the vacancy he is now, in his interview with the envoy for a new match, taking precaution to fill more acceptably.

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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