A Christmas Carol

Nicholas Breton (1544–c. 1626) · 1597–1604

iambic tetrameter · 96 lines · from Pastoral Poems and Selected Poetry

So now is come our joyful feast,Let every man be jolly;Each room with ivy leaves is drest,And every post with holly.Though some churls at our mirth repine,Round your foreheads garlands twine,Drown sorrow in a cup of wine,And let us all be merry.

Now all our neighbours' chimnies smoke,And Christmas blocks are burning;Their ovens they with baked meats choke,And all their spits are turning.Without the door let sorrow lie,And if for cold it hap to die,We'll bury it in a Christmas pie;And evermore be merry.

Now every lad is wondrous trim,And no man minds his labour;Our lasses have provided themA bagpipe and a tabour.Young men and maids, and girls and boysGive life to one another's joys;And you anon shall by their noisePerceive that they are merry.

Rank misers now do sparing shun,Their hall of music soundeth;And dogs thence with whole shoulders run,So all things there aboundeth.The country-folk themselves advance,For Crowdy-Mutton's come out of France;And Jack shall pipe and Jill shall dance,And all the town be merry.

Ned Swatch hath fetched his bands from pawn,And all his best apparel;Brisk Nell hath bought a ruff of lawnWith droppings of the barrel.And those that hardly all the yearHad bread to eat or rags to wear,Will have both clothes and dainty fare,And all the day be merry.

Now poor men to the justicesWith capons make their errands;And if they hap to fail of these,They plague them with their warrants.But now they feed them with good cheer,And what they want they take in beer,For Christmas comes but once a year,And then they shall be merry.

Good farmers in the country nurseThe poor, that else were undone;Some landlords spend their money worse,On lust and pride at London.There the roysters they do play,Drab and dice their land away,Which may be ours another day;And therefore let's be merry.

The client now his suit forbears,The prisoner's heart is eased;The debtor drinks away his cares,And for the time is pleased.Though others' purses be more fat,Why should we pine or grieve at that;Hang sorrow, care will kill a cat,And therefore let's be merry.

Hark how the wags abroad do callEach other forth to rambling;Anon you'll see them in the hall,For nuts and apples scrambling,Hark how the roofs with laughters sound,Anon they'll think the house goes round:For they the cellar's depths have found,And there they will be merry.

The wenches with their wassel-bowlsAbout the streets are singing;The boys are come to catch the owls,The wild mare in is bringing.Our kitchen boy hath broke his box,And to the dealing of the oxOur honest neighbours come by flocks,And here they will be merry.

Now kings and queens poor sheep-cotes have,And mate with everybody;The honest now may play the knave,And wise men play at noddy.Some youths will now a mumming go,Some others play at rowland-hoe,And twenty other gameboys moe;Because they will be merry.

Then wherefore in these merry daysShould we, I pray, be duller?No, let us sing some roundelaysTo make our mirth the fuller.And whilst we thus inspired sing,Let all the streets with echoes ring;Woods, and hills, and everythingBear witness we are merry.

Words in this poem 16
repine v. i.
To fail; to wane. [Pref. re- + pine to languish.]
evermore adv.
During eternity; always; forever; for an indefinite period; at all times; -- often used substantively with for.
wondrous adv.
In a wonderful or surprising manner or degree; wonderfully. [OE. wonders, adv. (later also adj.). See Wonder, n., and cf. -wards.]
anon adv.
Straightway; at once. [OE. anoon, anon, anan, lit., in one (moment), fr. AS. on in + an one. See On and One.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
jill n.
A young woman; a sweetheart. See Gill. Beau. & Fl. [See Gill sweetheart.]
swatch n.
A swath. Tusser.
dainty n.
Value; estimation; the gratification or pleasure taken in anything. [OE. deinie, dainte, deintie, deyntee, OF. deintié delicacy, orig., dignity, honor, fr. L. dignitas, fr. dignus worthy. See Deign, and cf. Dignity.]
undone a.
Not done or performed; neglected. [Pref. un- not + done.]
lust v. i.
To list; to like. [AS. lystan. See Lust, n., and cf. List to choose.]
scrambling a.
Confused and irregular; awkward; scambling.
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
knave n.
A boy; especially, a boy servant. Wyclif. [OE., boy, servant, knave, AS. cnafa boy, youth; cf. AS. cnapa boy, youth, D. kna, G. knabe boy, knappe esquire, Icel. knapi, Sw. knape esquire, knäfvel knave.]
noddy n.
A simpleton; a fool. L'Estrange. [Prob. fr. nod to incline the head, either as in assent, or from drowsiness.]
wherefore adv.
For which reason; so; -- used relatively. [Where + for.]
duller n.
One who, or that which, dulls.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

A Christmas Carol is in the public domain. This text is taken from Pastoral Poems by Nicholas Breton, Selected Poetry by George Wither, and Pastoral Poetry by William Browne (of Tavistock), Project Gutenberg ebook #22001; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Nicholas Breton, A Christmas Carol, in Pastoral Poems and Selected Poetry (1597–1604), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #22001, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/breton-poems/a-christmas-carol.html, id L08846.

Form and metre

A Christmas Carol is 96 lines in 12 stanzas of 8 lines each. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 93%). 96% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 7.7 syllables. 35 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 14% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABAB-CC- feastA · jollyB · drestA · hollyB · repine · twineC · wineC · merry
  2. 2 ABABCCC- smokeA · burningB · chokeA · turningB · lieC · dieC · pieC · merry
  3. 3 -A-ABBB- trim · labourA · them · tabourA · boysB · joysB · noiseB · merry
  4. 4 ABABCCC- shunA · soundethB · runA · aboundethB · advanceC · franceC · danceC · merry
  5. 5 ABABCCC- pawnA · apparelB · lawnA · barrelB · yearC · wearC · fareC · merry
  6. 6 A-A-BBB- justicesA · errands · theseA · warrants · cheerB · beerB · yearB · merry
  7. 7 ABABCCC- nurseA · undoneB · worseA · londonB · playC · awayC · dayC · merry
  8. 8 ABABCCC- forbearsA · easedB · caresA · pleasedB · fatC · thatC · catC · merry
  9. 9 ABABCCC- callA · ramblingB · hallA · scramblingB · soundC · roundC · foundC · merry
  10. 10 -A-ABBB- bowls · singingA · owls · bringingA · boxB · oxB · flocksB · merry
  11. 11 ABABCCC- haveA · everybodyB · knaveA · noddyB · goC · hoeC · moeC · merry
  12. 12 A-A-BBB- daysA · duller · roundelaysA · fuller · singB · ringB · everythingB · merry
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
So now is come our joyful feast,8····//˘·
Let every man be jolly;8·/˘˘··/˘
Each room with ivy leaves is drest,8···/˘···
And every post with holly.8·/˘˘··/˘
Though some churls at our mirth repine,8····/·˘/
Round your foreheads garlands twine,7··/·/˘·
Drown sorrow in a cup of wine,8·/˘·····
And let us all be merry.7·····/˘
Now all our neighbours' chimnies smoke,8··/˘····
And Christmas blocks are burning;7·/˘··/˘
Their ovens they with baked meats choke,8·/˘·····
And all their spits are turning.7·····/˘
Without the door let sorrow lie,8·····/˘·
And if for cold it hap to die,8········
We'll bury it in a Christmas pie;9·/˘···/˘·
And evermore be merry.7·/˘··/˘
Now every lad is wondrous trim,8·/˘··/˘·
And no man minds his labour;7·····/·
Our lasses have provided them8//˘·˘/˘·
A bagpipe and a tabour.7·/···/˘
Young men and maids, and girls and boys8········
Give life to one another's joys;8····˘/˘·
And you anon shall by their noise8··˘/····
Perceive that they are merry.7˘/···/˘
Rank misers now do sparing shun,8·/˘··/˘·
Their hall of music soundeth;7···/˘/˘
And dogs thence with whole shoulders run,8·····/˘·
So all things there aboundeth.7····˘/˘
The country-folk themselves advance,8·/˘·˘/˘/
For Crowdy-Mutton's come out of France;9·/˘/˘····
And Jack shall pipe and Jill shall dance,8········
And all the town be merry.7·····/˘
Ned Swatch hath fetched his bands from pawn,8········
And all his best apparel;7····˘/˘
Brisk Nell hath bought a ruff of lawn8········
With droppings of the barrel.7·/˘··/˘
And those that hardly all the year8···/˘···
Had bread to eat or rags to wear,8········
Will have both clothes and dainty fare,8·····/˘·
And all the day be merry.7·····/˘
Now poor men to the justices8·····/˘˘
With capons make their errands;7·/···/˘
And if they hap to fail of these,8········
They plague them with their warrants.7·····/˘
But now they feed them with good cheer,8········
And what they want they take in beer,8········
For Christmas comes but once a year,8·/˘·····
And then they shall be merry.7·····/˘
Good farmers in the country nurse8·/˘··/˘·
The poor, that else were undone;7·····˘/
Some landlords spend their money worse,8·/···/˘·
On lust and pride at London.7·····/˘
There the roysters they do play,7··/˘···
Drab and dice their land away,7·····˘/
Which may be ours another day;8···/˘/˘·
And therefore let's be merry.7·····/˘
The client now his suit forbears,8·/˘·····
The prisoner's heart is eased;8·/˘˘···˘
The debtor drinks away his cares,8·/˘·˘/··
And for the time is pleased.7······˘
Though others' purses be more fat,8·/˘/˘···
Why should we pine or grieve at that;8········
Hang sorrow, care will kill a cat,8·/˘·····
And therefore let's be merry.7·····/˘
Hark how the wags abroad do call8····˘/··
Each other forth to rambling;7·/˘··/˘
Anon you'll see them in the hall,8˘/······
For nuts and apples scrambling,8···/˘/˘˘
Hark how the roofs with laughters sound,8·····/˘·
Anon they'll think the house goes round:8˘/······
For they the cellar's depths have found,8···/˘···
And there they will be merry.7·····/˘
The wenches with their wassel-bowls8·/˘··/˘·
About the streets are singing;7·····/˘
The boys are come to catch the owls,8········
The wild mare in is bringing.7·····/˘
Our kitchen boy hath broke his box,8//˘·····
And to the dealing of the ox8···/˘···
Our honest neighbours come by flocks,8//˘/˘···
And here they will be merry.7·····/˘
Now kings and queens poor sheep-cotes have,8········
And mate with everybody;7···/˘·˘
The honest now may play the knave,8·/˘·····
And wise men play at noddy.7·····/˘
Some youths will now a mumming go,8·····/˘·
Some others play at rowland-hoe,8·/˘··/˘·
And twenty other gameboys moe;9·/˘/˘····
Because they will be merry.7·····/˘
Then wherefore in these merry days8·/˘··/˘·
Should we, I pray, be duller?7·····/˘
No, let us sing some roundelays8········
To make our mirth the fuller.8··/˘··/˘
And whilst we thus inspired sing,8····˘/˘·
Let all the streets with echoes ring;8·····/˘·
Woods, and hills, and everything7····/˘·
Bear witness we are merry.7·/˘··/˘

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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