To Johan Sverdrup
When now my song selects and praisesYour forceful name, think not it raisesThe rallying-flag for battle near;The street-fight shall not reach us here.If sacred poetry's fair hillLies open to assassination,--Is this the newer revelation,Then I withdraw and hold me still.Then I the words of Einar borrow,When southern change of kings brought sorrow,And Harald's hosts their ravage spread:I follow rather Magnus deadThan Harald living thus,--and thenI sail away with ships and men.Nor therefore do I lift anewThe flag of song just now for you,Because my spirit's deepest yearningTo you for new light now is turning.No, where the greatest questions started,Just there it is our ways were parted--From where the deepest thought can reach,To plan and goal of daily speech.My childhood's faith unshaken stands,And thence our equal rights deriving,I for a people free am strivingAnd brotherhood in kindred lands.Though both of us are Christian men,So wide a gulf between us lies;Though both are true Norwegian men,We Norway see with different eyes.If but to-day we victory gain,We must to-morrow fight amain.But now I honor you in singing,Because what ought just now to beWith strongest will you clearly see,And foremost to the fight are springing.When sinks the land 'neath heavy fogsAnd no fair prospect cheers the eye,The thickening air our breathing clogs,Yes, all things dull in torpor lie,--Then mounts your mind with freest motion,Its thunder-wings the mist-banks driving,Its lightning-talons cloud-walls riving,Till sunlight spreads o'er land and ocean.You are the freshening shower cleanUpon our sluggish day's routine.You are the salt sea-current pouredInto each close and sultry fjord.Your speech a mine-shaft is, deep-goingTo where the veins of ore are showing.And by your flashing eyes far-sightedThe past is for our future lighted.So long as Sverre's sword you wield,So long as you our hosts are heading,We know we'll win on every field;Foes flee, your battle trumpet dreading.We see their struggling ranks soon rifted,We see them set so many a snare:Your head unharmed in thought's pure airAbove the waves of war is lifted.We love you for this courage good,That e'er before the banner stood,We love the strength you boldly storedIn your self-forged and tempered sword.Your vigilance we love and prize,That sickness, slander, loss defies,We love you, that at duty's callYou gave your peace, your future, all,We love you still--hate cannot cleave!--Because you dared in us believe.How can they hope that backward hereOur land shall go? No, year by year,Forward in freedom and in song,Forward the truly Norse disclosing.What might can now avail, opposingThe travail of the centuries long?People and power no more divided;In peace to save or war to kill,Our freedom with one guard provided,One nation only and one will.The spirit of our nation's morn,The unity of free gods dreaming,And all things great to be great deeming,Forever must the spurious scorn.The spirit that impelled the viking'Gainst kingly power for freedom striking,--That, threatened, sailed to Iceland strongWith hero-fame and hero-song,And further on through all the ages,--That spirit never dwells in cages.The spirit that at Hjörung brokeFor thousand years the foreign yoke,By might of king ne'er made to cower,Defying e'en the papal power,--The spirit that, to weakness worn,Held free our soil with rights unshorn,Held free, with tongue and hand combined,'Gainst foreign host and foreign mind,--By which our Holberg's wit was whetted,And Wessel's sword and Wessel's pen,And to whose silent forge indebtedThe thoughts that armed our Eidsvold-men,--The spirit that in faith so highThrough Odin could to God draw nigh,As bridge the myth of Balder threw,And almost found the free way newTo truth's fair home in radiant Gimle,When this was closed and warded grimlyBy monkish lies and papal speech,--That threw a second bridge to reachOn freedom's lightly soaring archesTo heights whereon the free soul marches,--So, when for Luther blood was shed,The North but razed a fence instead,--The spirit that, when men were deemingTrue faith in all the world were dead,Brun, Hauge, and their lineage spread,From soul-springs in our nation streaming,--Though pietism's fog now thickens,Still guards the altar lights and quickens;--Can this they make the fashion better,By modern bishop-synod's letter?Is this by politics provided,When into "Chambers" 't is divided?Can this into a box be juggledAnd o'er the boundary be smuggled?
And that just now when beacons lightedOn all the mountain-tops are sighted,And when our folk-high-school's young dayThe Norse heart kindles with its ray,Renewing mem'ries, courage bringing,While they are hearing, trusting, singing;--Just when the deep in billows surges,Responsive to the tempest's might,And over it the Northern LightOf Youth's refulgent hope emerges;--Just when the spirit everywhere,While walls lie low as trumpets blare,Is breaking from the ancient forms,And will of youth the heights now storms.
A battle-age,--and we are in it!The greatest thing on earth: to beWhere powers that are bursting free,Self-shaping seek their place and win it;--Our fusing passion all to give,To cast the statue that shall live,To press the mold of our own formOn what shall be the future's norm,Into the age's soul thus breathedThe spirit God to us bequeathed.
'T was this that now I wished to sayTo you, who late and early, ayeWithin time's workshop great are going,What is, what shall be, ever knowing;--To you, who all our people's mightHave roused for freedom new to fight;--To whom our people gave this power,And sorrow, its eternal dower.
Words in this poem 25
- forceful a.
- Full of or processing force; exerting force; mighty.
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- assassination n.
- The act of assassinating; a killing by treacherous violence.
- borrow v. t.
- To receive from another as a loan, with the implied or expressed intention of returning the identical article or its equivalent in kind; -- the opposite of lend. [OE. borwen, AS. borgian, fr. borg, borh, pledge; akin to D. borg, G. borg; prob. fr. root of AS. beorgan to protect. Borough.]
- norwegian a.
- Of or pertaining to Norway, its inhabitants, or its language. [Cf. Icel. Noregr, Norvegr, Norway. See North, and Way.]
- amain adv.
- With might; with full force; vigorously; violently; exceedingly. [Pref. a- + main. See 2d Main, n.]
- ought p. p.
- Was or were under obligation to pay; owed. [Orig. the preterit of the verb to owe. OE. oughte, aughte, ahte, AS. ahte. sq. root110. See Owe.]
- wield v. t.
- To govern; to rule; to keep, or have in charge; also, to possess. [OE. welden to govern, to have power over, to possess, AS. geweldan, gewyldan, from wealdan; akin to OS. waldan, OFries. walda, G. walten, OHG. waltan, Icel. val]
- heading n.
- The act or state of one who, or that which, heads; formation of a head.
- boldly adv.
- In a bold manner. [AS. bealdlice.]
- norse a.
- Of or pertaining to ancient Scandinavia, or to the language spoken by its inhabitants. [Dan. Norsk, fr. nord north. See North.]
- morn n.
- The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
- viking n.
- One belonging to the pirate crews from among the Northmen, who plundered the coasts of Europe in the eighth, ninth, and tenth centuries. [Icel. vikingr, fr. vik a bay, inlet.]
- broke v. i.
- To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
- balder n.
- The most beautiful and beloved of the gods; the god of peace; the son of Odin and Freya. [Written also Baldur.] [Icel. Baldr, akin to E. bold.]
- grimly a.
- Grim; hideous; stern.
- monkish a.
- Like a monk, or pertaining to monks; monastic; as, monkish manners; monkish dress; monkish solitude.
- whereon adv.
- On which; -- used relatively; as, the earth whereon we live.
- razed a.
- Slashed or striped in patterns.
- streaming a.
- Sending forth streams.
- folk n.
- In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
- responsive a.
- That responds; ready or inclined to respond. [Cf. F. resposif.]
- refulgent a.
- Casting a bright light; radiant; brilliant; resplendent; shining; splendid; as, refulgent beams. [L. refulgens, p. pr. of refulgere to flash back, to shine bright; pref. re- re- + fulgere to shine. See Fulgent.]
- trumpets n.
- A plant (Sarracenia flava) with long, hollow leaves.
- blare v. i.
- To sound loudly and somewhat harshly. [OE. blaren, bloren, to cry, woop; cf. G. plärren to bleat, D. blaren to bleat, cry, weep. Prob. an imitative word, but cf. also E. blast. Cf. Blore.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
To Johan Sverdrup is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems and Songs, Project Gutenberg ebook #6619, the Arthur Hubbell Palmer translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, To Johan Sverdrup, in Poems and Songs (1915), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #6619, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/bjornson-poems-and-songs/to-johan-sverdrup.html, id L29311.
Form and metre
To Johan Sverdrup is 158 lines in 4 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 54% of the lines: octosyllabic couplets. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%).
See other poems in octosyllabic couplets, other poems in iambic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 AABBCDDC--EEFFGGHHIIJJKLLK-M-MNNOPPO-P-PQRRQQQSSTTUUVWVWXYYXXXZZaabbccddeeeefgfghiihjjij--kkllmmnn-o-oppqq--rr--sstsstuuvvwwxx praisesA · raisesA · nearB · hereB · hillC · assassinationD · revelationD · stillC · borrow · sorrow · spreadE · deadE · thenF · menF · anewG · youG · yearningH · turningH · startedI · partedI · reachJ · speechJ · standsK · derivingL · strivingL · landsK · men · liesM · men · eyesM · gainN · amainN · singingO · beP · seeP · springingO · fogs · eyeP · clogs · lieP · motionQ · drivingR · rivingR · oceanQ · cleanQ · routineQ · pouredS · fjordS · goingT · showingT · sightedU · lightedU · wieldV · headingW · fieldV · dreadingW · riftedX · snareY · airY · liftedX · goodX · stoodX · storedZ · swordZ · prizea · defiesa · callb · allb · cleavec · believec · hered · yeard · songe · disclosinge · opposinge · longe · dividedf · killg · providedf · willg · mornh · dreamingi · deemingi · scornh · vikingj · strikingj · strongi · songj · ages · cages · brokek · yokek · cowerl · powerl · wornm · unshornm · combinedn · mindn · whetted · peno · indebted · meno · highp · nighp · threwq · newq · gimle · grimly · speechr · reachr · arches · marches · sheds · insteads · deemingt · deads · spreads · streamingt · thickensu · quickensu · betterv · letterv · providedw · dividedw · juggledx · smuggledx
- 2 AABBCCDEEDFFGG lightedA · sightedA · dayB · rayB · bringingC · singingC · surgesD · mightE · lightE · emergesD · everywhereF · blareF · formsG · stormsG
- 3 ABBACCDD-- itA · beB · freeB · itA · giveC · liveC · formD · normD · breathed · bequeathed
- 4 --AABB-- say · aye · goingA · knowingA · mightB · fightB · power · dower
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| When now my song selects and praises | 9 | ····˘/·/˘ |
| Your forceful name, think not it raises | 9 | ·/˘····/˘ |
| The rallying-flag for battle near; | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| The street-fight shall not reach us here. | 8 | ········ |
| If sacred poetry's fair hill | 8 | ·/˘/˘˘·· |
| Lies open to assassination,-- | 9 | ·/˘·˘·˘/˘ |
| Is this the newer revelation, | 9 | ···/˘·˘/˘ |
| Then I withdraw and hold me still. | 8 | ··˘/···· |
| Then I the words of Einar borrow, | 8 | ·····//· |
| When southern change of kings brought sorrow, | 9 | ·/˘····/˘ |
| And Harald's hosts their ravage spread: | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| I follow rather Magnus dead | 8 | ·/˘/˘/˘· |
| Than Harald living thus,--and then | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| I sail away with ships and men. | 8 | ··˘/···· |
| Nor therefore do I lift anew | 8 | ······˘/ |
| The flag of song just now for you, | 8 | ········ |
| Because my spirit's deepest yearning | 9 | ···/˘/˘/˘ |
| To you for new light now is turning. | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| No, where the greatest questions started, | 9 | ···/˘/˘/˘ |
| Just there it is our ways were parted-- | 9 | ····/··/˘ |
| From where the deepest thought can reach, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| To plan and goal of daily speech. | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| My childhood's faith unshaken stands, | 8 | ·/··˘/˘· |
| And thence our equal rights deriving, | 9 | ··//˘·˘/˘ |
| I for a people free am striving | 9 | ···/˘··/˘ |
| And brotherhood in kindred lands. | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Though both of us are Christian men, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| So wide a gulf between us lies; | 8 | ········ |
| Though both are true Norwegian men, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| We Norway see with different eyes. | 8 | ·/···/˘· |
| If but to-day we victory gain, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| We must to-morrow fight amain. | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| But now I honor you in singing, | 9 | ···/˘··/˘ |
| Because what ought just now to be | 8 | ········ |
| With strongest will you clearly see, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| And foremost to the fight are springing. | 9 | ·/·····/˘ |
| When sinks the land 'neath heavy fogs | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| And no fair prospect cheers the eye, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| The thickening air our breathing clogs, | 8 | ·/˘·//˘· |
| Yes, all things dull in torpor lie,-- | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Then mounts your mind with freest motion, | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| Its thunder-wings the mist-banks driving, | 9 | ·/˘····/˘ |
| Its lightning-talons cloud-walls riving, | 9 | ·/˘/˘···· |
| Till sunlight spreads o'er land and ocean. | 9 | ·/·····/˘ |
| You are the freshening shower clean | 8 | ···/˘˘/· |
| Upon our sluggish day's routine. | 8 | ··//˘·˘/ |
| You are the salt sea-current poured | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Into each close and sultry fjord. | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Your speech a mine-shaft is, deep-going | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| To where the veins of ore are showing. | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| And by your flashing eyes far-sighted | 9 | ···/˘··/˘ |
| The past is for our future lighted. | 9 | ····//˘/˘ |
| So long as Sverre's sword you wield, | 7 | ······· |
| So long as you our hosts are heading, | 9 | ····/··/˘ |
| We know we'll win on every field; | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Foes flee, your battle trumpet dreading. | 9 | ···/˘/˘/˘ |
| We see their struggling ranks soon rifted, | 9 | ···/˘··/˘ |
| We see them set so many a snare: | 8 | ·····/·· |
| Your head unharmed in thought's pure air | 8 | ··˘/···· |
| Above the waves of war is lifted. | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| We love you for this courage good, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| That e'er before the banner stood, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| We love the strength you boldly stored | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| In your self-forged and tempered sword. | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Your vigilance we love and prize, | 8 | ·/˘˘···· |
| That sickness, slander, loss defies, | 8 | ·/˘/˘·˘/ |
| We love you, that at duty's call | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| You gave your peace, your future, all, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| We love you still--hate cannot cleave!-- | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Because you dared in us believe. | 8 | ······˘/ |
| How can they hope that backward here | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Our land shall go? No, year by year, | 8 | /······· |
| Forward in freedom and in song, | 8 | /˘·/˘··· |
| Forward the truly Norse disclosing. | 9 | /˘·/˘·˘/˘ |
| What might can now avail, opposing | 9 | ····˘/˘/˘ |
| The travail of the centuries long? | 8 | ·˘/··/˘· |
| People and power no more divided; | 9 | /˘·/··˘/˘ |
| In peace to save or war to kill, | 8 | ········ |
| Our freedom with one guard provided, | 9 | //˘···˘/˘ |
| One nation only and one will. | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| The spirit of our nation's morn, | 8 | ·/·/˘/˘· |
| The unity of free gods dreaming, | 9 | ·/˘˘···/˘ |
| And all things great to be great deeming, | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| Forever must the spurious scorn. | 8 | ˘/˘··/˘· |
| The spirit that impelled the viking | 9 | ·/˘·˘/·/˘ |
| 'Gainst kingly power for freedom striking,-- | 9 | ·/˘/·/˘/˘ |
| That, threatened, sailed to Iceland strong | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| With hero-fame and hero-song, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| And further on through all the ages,-- | 9 | ·/˘····/˘ |
| That spirit never dwells in cages. | 9 | ·/˘/˘··/˘ |
| The spirit that at Hjörung broke | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| For thousand years the foreign yoke, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| By might of king ne'er made to cower, | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| Defying e'en the papal power,-- | 9 | ˘/˘··/˘/˘ |
| The spirit that, to weakness worn, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Held free our soil with rights unshorn, | 8 | ··/····· |
| Held free, with tongue and hand combined, | 8 | ······˘/ |
| 'Gainst foreign host and foreign mind,-- | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| By which our Holberg's wit was whetted, | 9 | ··//˘··/˘ |
| And Wessel's sword and Wessel's pen, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| And to whose silent forge indebted | 9 | ···/˘·˘/˘ |
| The thoughts that armed our Eidsvold-men,-- | 8 | ····/··· |
| The spirit that in faith so high | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Through Odin could to God draw nigh, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| As bridge the myth of Balder threw, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| And almost found the free way new | 8 | ·/······ |
| To truth's fair home in radiant Gimle, | 9 | ·····/˘·· |
| When this was closed and warded grimly | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| By monkish lies and papal speech,-- | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| That threw a second bridge to reach | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| On freedom's lightly soaring arches | 9 | ·/˘/˘/˘/˘ |
| To heights whereon the free soul marches,-- | 9 | ··˘/···/˘ |
| So, when for Luther blood was shed, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| The North but razed a fence instead, | 8 | ······˘/ |
| --The spirit that, when men were deeming | 9 | ·/˘····/˘ |
| True faith in all the world were dead, | 8 | ········ |
| Brun, Hauge, and their lineage spread, | 8 | ····/˘˘· |
| From soul-springs in our nation streaming,-- | 9 | ····//˘/˘ |
| Though pietism's fog now thickens, | 8 | ·/˘˘··/˘ |
| Still guards the altar lights and quickens;-- | 9 | ···/˘··/˘ |
| Can this they make the fashion better, | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| By modern bishop-synod's letter? | 9 | ·/˘/˘/˘/˘ |
| Is this by politics provided, | 9 | ···/˘·˘/˘ |
| When into "Chambers" 't is divided? | 10 | ···/˘··˘/˘ |
| Can this into a box be juggled | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| And o'er the boundary be smuggled? | 9 | ···/˘˘·/˘ |
| And that just now when beacons lighted | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| On all the mountain-tops are sighted, | 9 | ···/˘··/˘ |
| And when our folk-high-school's young day | 8 | ··/····· |
| The Norse heart kindles with its ray, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Renewing mem'ries, courage bringing, | 8 | ˘/˘·/˘/˘ |
| While they are hearing, trusting, singing;-- | 9 | ···/˘/˘/˘ |
| Just when the deep in billows surges, | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| Responsive to the tempest's might, | 8 | ˘/˘··/˘· |
| And over it the Northern Light | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Of Youth's refulgent hope emerges;-- | 9 | ··˘/˘·˘/˘ |
| Just when the spirit everywhere, | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| While walls lie low as trumpets blare, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Is breaking from the ancient forms, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| And will of youth the heights now storms. | 8 | ········ |
| A battle-age,--and we are in it! | 9 | ·/˘······ |
| The greatest thing on earth: to be | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Where powers that are bursting free, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Self-shaping seek their place and win it;-- | 9 | ·/˘······ |
| Our fusing passion all to give, | 8 | //˘/˘··· |
| To cast the statue that shall live, | 8 | ···/···· |
| To press the mold of our own form | 8 | ·····/·· |
| On what shall be the future's norm, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Into the age's soul thus breathed | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| The spirit God to us bequeathed. | 8 | ·/˘···˘/ |
| 'T was this that now I wished to say | 9 | ········· |
| To you, who late and early, aye | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Within time's workshop great are going, | 9 | ···/···/˘ |
| What is, what shall be, ever knowing;-- | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| To you, who all our people's might | 8 | ····//˘· |
| Have roused for freedom new to fight;-- | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| To whom our people gave this power, | 9 | ··//˘··/˘ |
| And sorrow, its eternal dower. | 8 | ·/˘·˘/˘· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.