Part XXXIX

Anonymous (about 900), translated by Francis B. Gummere · 1910

Alliterative four-stress verse · unrhymed · 112 lines · from Beowulf

"THE bloody swath of Swedes and Geatsand the storm of their strife, were seen afar,how folk against folk the fight had wakened.The ancient king with his atheling bandsought his citadel, sorrowing much:Ongentheow earl went up to his burg.He had tested Hygelac's hardihood,the proud one's prowess, would prove it no longer,defied no more those fighting-wanderersnor hoped from the seamen to save his hoard,his bairn and his bride: so he bent him again,old, to his earth-walls. Yet after him camewith slaughter for Swedes the standards of Hygelaco'er peaceful plains in pride advancing,till Hrethelings fought in the fenced town.Then Ongentheow with edge of sword,the hoary-bearded, was held at bay,and the folk-king there was forced to sufferEofor's anger. In ire, at the kingWulf Wonreding with weapon struck;and the chieftain's blood, for that blow, in streamsflowed 'neath his hair. No fear felt he,stout old Scylfing, but straightway repaidin better bargain that bitter strokeand faced his foe with fell intent.Nor swift enough was the son of Wonredanswer to render the aged chief;too soon on his head the helm was cloven;blood-bedecked he bowed to earth,and fell adown; not doomed was he yet,and well he waxed, though the wound was sore.Then the hardy Hygelac-thane,when his brother fell, with broad brand smote,giants' sword crashing through giants'-helmacross the shield-wall: sank the king,his folk's old herdsman, fatally hurt.There were many to bind the brother's woundsand lift him, fast as fate allowedhis people to wield the place-of-war.But Eofor took from Ongentheow,earl from other, the iron-breastplate,hard sword hilted, and helmet too,and the hoar-chief's harness to Hygelac carried,who took the trappings, and truly promisedrich fee 'mid folk, -- and fulfilled it so.For that grim strife gave the Geatish lord,Hrethel's offspring, when home he came,to Eofor and Wulf a wealth of treasure,Each of them had a hundred thousandin land and linked rings; nor at less price reckonedmid-earth men such mighty deeds!And to Eofor he gave his only daughterin pledge of grace, the pride of his home.

"Such is the feud, the foeman's rage,death-hate of men: so I deem it surethat the Swedish folk will seek us homefor this fall of their friends, the fighting-Scylfings,when once they learn that our warrior leaderlifeless lies, who land and hoardever defended from all his foes,furthered his folk's weal, finished his coursea hardy hero. -- Now haste is best,that we go to gaze on our Geatish lord,and bear the bountiful breaker-of-ringsto the funeral pyre. No fragments merelyshall burn with the warrior. Wealth of jewels,gold untold and gained in terror,treasure at last with his life obtained,all of that booty the brands shall take,fire shall eat it. No earl must carrymemorial jewel. No maiden fairshall wreathe her neck with noble ring:nay, sad in spirit and shorn of her gold,oft shall she pass o'er paths of exilenow our lord all laughter has laid aside,all mirth and revel. Many a spearmorning-cold shall be clasped amain,lifted aloft; nor shall lilt of harpthose warriors wake; but the wan-hued raven,fain o'er the fallen, his feast shall praiseand boast to the eagle how bravely he atewhen he and the wolf were wasting the slain."

So he told his sorrowful tidings,and little he lied, the loyal manof word or of work. The warriors rose;sad, they climbed to the Cliff-of-Eagles,went, welling with tears, the wonder to view.Found on the sand there, stretched at rest,their lifeless lord, who had lavished ringsof old upon them. Ending-dayhad dawned on the doughty-one; death had seizedin woful slaughter the Weders' king.There saw they, besides, the strangest being,loathsome, lying their leader near,prone on the field. The fiery dragon,fearful fiend, with flame was scorched.Reckoned by feet, it was fifty measuresin length as it lay. Aloft erewhileit had revelled by night, and anon come back,seeking its den; now in death's sure clutchit had come to the end of its earth-hall joys.By it there stood the stoups and jars;dishes lay there, and dear-decked swordseaten with rust, as, on earth's lap resting,a thousand winters they waited there.For all that heritage huge, that goldof bygone men, was bound by a spell,so the treasure-hall could be touched by noneof human kind, -- save that Heaven's King,God himself, might give whom he would,Helper of Heroes, the hoard to open, --even such a man as seemed to him meet.

Words in this poem 33
strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
afar adv.
At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off. [Pref. a-.(for on or of) + far.]
folk n.
In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
atheling n.
An Anglo-Saxon prince or nobleman; esp., the heir apparent or a prince of the royal family. [Written also Adeling and Ætheling.] [AS. æ noble, fr. æ noble, akin to G. adel nobility, edel noble. The word æ, E. ethel, is in many AS. proper names, as Ethelwolf, noble wolf; Ethelbald, noble bo]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
burg n.
A fortified town. [AS. burh, burg, cf. LL. burgus. See 1st Borough.]
hardihood n.
Boldness, united with firmness and constancy of mind; bravery; intrepidity; also, audaciousness; impudence. [Hardy + -hood.]
prowess n.
Distinguished bravery; valor; especially, military bravery and skill; gallantry; intrepidity; fearlessness. Chaucer. Sir P. Sidney. [OF. proece, proesce, F. prouesse. See Prow, a.]
hoary a.
White or whitish."The hoary willows."
straightway adv.
Immediately; without loss of time; without delay.
adown adv.
From a higher to a lower situation; downward; down, to or on the ground. [OE. adun, adoun, adune. AS. of dune off the hill. See Down.]
crashing n.
The noise of many things falling and breaking at once.
fatally adv.
In a manner proceeding from, or determined by, fate. Bentley.
wield v. t.
To govern; to rule; to keep, or have in charge; also, to possess. [OE. welden to govern, to have power over, to possess, AS. geweldan, gewyldan, from wealdan; akin to OS. waldan, OFries. walda, G. walten, OHG. waltan, Icel. val]
hilted a.
Having a hilt; -- used in composition; as, basket-hilted, cross-hilted.
wealth n.
Weal; welfare; prosperity; good. [OE. welthe, from wele; cf. D. weelde luxury. See Weal prosperity.]
deem v. t.
To decide; to judge; to sentence; to condemn. [OE. demen to judge, condemn, AS. d, fr. d doom; akin to OFries. d, OS. ad, D. doemen, OHG. tuommen, Icel. dæma, Sw. dömma, Dan. dömme, Goth. d. See Doom, n., an]
bountiful a.
Free in giving; liberal in bestowing gifts and favors.
breaker n.
One who, or that which, breaks.
pyre n.
A funeral pile; a combustible heap on which the dead are burned; hence, any pile to be burnt. [L. pure, Gr. Fire.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
untold a.
Not told; not related; not revealed; as, untold secrets.
amain adv.
With might; with full force; vigorously; violently; exceedingly. [Pref. a- + main. See 2d Main, n.]
lilt v. i.
To do anything with animation and quickness, as to skip, fly, or hop. [Cf. Norw. lilla, lirla, to sing in a high tone.]
fain v. t.
To be glad ; to wish or desire.
bravely adv.
In a brave manner; courageously; gallantly; valiantly; splendidly; nobly.
lied n.
A lay; a German song. It differs from the French chanson, and the Italian canzone, all three being national. [G.]
doughty a.
Able; strong; valiant; redoubtable; as, a doughty hero.
woful a.
Full of woe; sorrowful; distressed with grief or calamity; afflicted; wretched; unhappy; sad.
erewhile adv.
Some time ago; a little while before; heretofore.
anon adv.
Straightway; at once. [OE. anoon, anon, anan, lit., in one (moment), fr. AS. on in + an one. See On and One.]
heritage a.
That which is inherited, or passes from heir to heir; inheritance. [OE. heritage, eritage, OF. heritage, eritage, F. héritage, fr. hériter to inherit, LL. heriditare. See Hereditable.]
bygone n.
Something gone by or past; a past event.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Part XXXIX is in the public domain. This text is taken from Beowulf, Project Gutenberg ebook #981, the Francis B. Gummere translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Anonymous, Part XXXIX, in Beowulf (1910), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #981, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/beowulf/part-xxxix.html, id L14227.

Form and metre

Part XXXIX is 112 lines in 3 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. 86% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.3 syllables. 26 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 38% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 --AA------------------------------------------------- geats · afar · wakenedA · bandA · much · burg · hardihood · longer · wanderers · hoard · again · came · hygelac · advancing · town · sword · bay · suffer · king · struck · streams · he · repaid · stroke · intent · wonred · chief · cloven · earth · yet · sore · thane · smote · helm · king · hurt · wounds · allowed · war · ongentheow · breastplate · too · carried · promised · so · lord · came · treasure · thousand · reckoned · deeds · daughter · home
  2. 2 -----A---A-------------B-B--B rage · sure · home · scylfings · leader · hoardA · foes · course · best · lordA · rings · merely · jewels · terror · obtained · take · carry · fair · ring · gold · exile · aside · spear · amainB · harp · ravenB · praise · ate · slainB
  3. 3 ---------AA---B---B------CACCC tidings · man · rose · eagles · view · rest · rings · day · seized · kingA · beingA · near · dragon · scorched · measuresB · erewhile · back · clutch · joysB · jars · swords · resting · there · gold · spell · noneC · kingA · wouldC · openC · meetC
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
"THE bloody swath of Swedes and Geats8·/˘·····
and the storm of their strife, were seen afar,10········˘/
how folk against folk the fight had wakened.10········/˘
The ancient king with his atheling band10·/˘···/˘˘·
sought his citadel, sorrowing much:9··/˘·/˘˘·
Ongentheow earl went up to his burg.9·········
He had tested Hygelac's hardihood,10··/˘···/˘˘
the proud one's prowess, would prove it no longer,11···/˘····/˘
defied no more those fighting-wanderers10˘/···/˘/˘˘
nor hoped from the seamen to save his hoard,10····/˘····
his bairn and his bride: so he bent him again,11·········˘/
old, to his earth-walls. Yet after him came10··········
with slaughter for Swedes the standards of Hygelac12·/˘···/˘····
o'er peaceful plains in pride advancing,9·/˘···˘/˘
till Hrethelings fought in the fenced town.9·········
Then Ongentheow with edge of sword,8········
the hoary-bearded, was held at bay,9·/˘/˘····
and the folk-king there was forced to suffer10········/˘
Eofor's anger. In ire, at the king9··/˘·····
Wulf Wonreding with weapon struck;8·····/˘·
and the chieftain's blood, for that blow, in streams10··/˘······
flowed 'neath his hair. No fear felt he,8········
stout old Scylfing, but straightway repaid9·····/˘˘/
in better bargain that bitter stroke9·/˘/˘·/˘·
and faced his foe with fell intent.8······˘/
Nor swift enough was the son of Wonred9··˘/·····
answer to render the aged chief;8/˘·/˘···
too soon on his head the helm was cloven;10········/˘
blood-bedecked he bowed to earth,7·˘/····
and fell adown; not doomed was he yet,9··˘/·····
and well he waxed, though the wound was sore.9·········
Then the hardy Hygelac-thane,8··/˘····
when his brother fell, with broad brand smote,9··/˘·····
giants' sword crashing through giants'-helm9/˘·/˘·/˘·
across the shield-wall: sank the king,8˘/······
his folk's old herdsman, fatally hurt.9·····/˘˘·
There were many to bind the brother's wounds10··/˘···/˘·
and lift him, fast as fate allowed8······˘/
his people to wield the place-of-war.9·/˘······
But Eofor took from Ongentheow,8········
earl from other, the iron-breastplate,9··/˘·/˘/·
hard sword hilted, and helmet too,8··/˘·/˘·
and the hoar-chief's harness to Hygelac carried,12····/˘····/˘
who took the trappings, and truly promised10···/˘·/˘/˘
rich fee 'mid folk, -- and fulfilled it so.9·····˘/··
For that grim strife gave the Geatish lord,9·········
Hrethel's offspring, when home he came,8··/·····
to Eofor and Wulf a wealth of treasure,10········/˘
Each of them had a hundred thousand9·····/˘/˘
in land and linked rings; nor at less price reckoned11·········/˘
mid-earth men such mighty deeds!7····/˘·
And to Eofor he gave his only daughter11·······/˘/˘
in pledge of grace, the pride of his home.9·········
"Such is the feud, the foeman's rage,8········
death-hate of men: so I deem it sure9·········
that the Swedish folk will seek us home9··/˘·····
for this fall of their friends, the fighting-Scylfings,11·······/˘··
when once they learn that our warrior leader12·····/˘/˘˘/˘
lifeless lies, who land and hoard7/˘·····
ever defended from all his foes,9/˘˘/˘····
furthered his folk's weal, finished his course9/˘···/˘··
a hardy hero. -- Now haste is best,9·/˘/˘····
that we go to gaze on our Geatish lord,11······/˘···
and bear the bountiful breaker-of-rings10···/˘˘/˘··
to the funeral pyre. No fragments merely12··/˘˘/˘·/˘/˘
shall burn with the warrior. Wealth of jewels,11····/˘˘··/˘
gold untold and gained in terror,8·˘/···/˘
treasure at last with his life obtained,9/˘·····˘/
all of that booty the brands shall take,9···/˘····
fire shall eat it. No earl must carry10/˘······/˘
memorial jewel. No maiden fair10˘/˘˘/˘·/˘·
shall wreathe her neck with noble ring:8·····/˘·
nay, sad in spirit and shorn of her gold,10···/˘·····
oft shall she pass o'er paths of exile9·······/·
now our lord all laughter has laid aside,11·/˘··/˘··˘/
all mirth and revel. Many a spear9···/˘/˘··
morning-cold shall be clasped amain,8/˘····˘/
lifted aloft; nor shall lilt of harp9/˘˘/·····
those warriors wake; but the wan-hued raven,11·/˘˘·····/˘
fain o'er the fallen, his feast shall praise9···/˘····
and boast to the eagle how bravely he ate11····/˘·/˘··
when he and the wolf were wasting the slain."10······/˘··
So he told his sorrowful tidings,9····/˘˘/˘
and little he lied, the loyal man9·/˘···/˘·
of word or of work. The warriors rose;10······/˘˘·
sad, they climbed to the Cliff-of-Eagles,9·······/˘
went, welling with tears, the wonder to view.10·/˘···/˘··
Found on the sand there, stretched at rest,8········
their lifeless lord, who had lavished rings9·/˘···/˘·
of old upon them. Ending-day8·····/˘·
had dawned on the doughty-one; death had seized10····/˘····
in woful slaughter the Weders' king.9···/˘····
There saw they, besides, the strangest being,10···˘/·/˘/˘
loathsome, lying their leader near,8/˘/˘·/˘·
prone on the field. The fiery dragon,10·····/˘˘/˘
fearful fiend, with flame was scorched.7/˘·····
Reckoned by feet, it was fifty measures10/˘····/˘/˘
in length as it lay. Aloft erewhile11·····˘/····
it had revelled by night, and anon come back,11··˘/···˘/··
seeking its den; now in death's sure clutch9/˘·······
it had come to the end of its earth-hall joys.11···········
By it there stood the stoups and jars;8········
dishes lay there, and dear-decked swords8/˘······
eaten with rust, as, on earth's lap resting,10/˘······/˘
a thousand winters they waited there.9·/˘/˘·/˘·
For all that heritage huge, that gold9···/˘˘···
of bygone men, was bound by a spell,9·/·······
so the treasure-hall could be touched by none10··/˘······
of human kind, -- save that Heaven's King,9·/˘···/˘·
God himself, might give whom he would,8·˘/·····
Helper of Heroes, the hoard to open, --10/˘·/˘···/˘
even such a man as seemed to him meet.10/˘········

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

More by Anonymous