Part XL

Anonymous (about 900), translated by Francis B. Gummere · 1910

trochaic pentameter · unrhymed · 79 lines · from Beowulf

A PERILOUS path, it proved, he trodwho heinously hid, that hall within,wealth under wall! Its watcher had killedone of a few, and the feud was avengedin woful fashion. Wondrous seems it,what manner a man of might and valoroft ends his life, when the earl no longerin mead-hall may live with loving friends.So Beowulf, when that barrow's wardenhe sought, and the struggle; himself knew notin what wise he should wend from the world at last.For princes potent, who placed the gold,with a curse to doomsday covered it deep,so that marked with sin the man should be,hedged with horrors, in hell-bonds fast,racked with plagues, who should rob their hoard.Yet no greed for gold, but the grace of heaven,ever the king had kept in view.Wiglaf spake, the son of Weohstan: --"At the mandate of one, oft warriors manysorrow must suffer; and so must we.The people's-shepherd showed not aughtof care for our counsel, king beloved!That guardian of gold he should grapple not, urged we,but let him lie where he long had beenin his earth-hall waiting the end of the world,the hest of heaven. -- This hoard is oursbut grievously gotten; too grim the fatewhich thither carried our king and lord.I was within there, and all I viewed,the chambered treasure, when chance allowed me(and my path was made in no pleasant wise)under the earth-wall. Eager, I seizedsuch heap from the hoard as hands could bearand hurriedly carried it hither backto my liege and lord. Alive was he still,still wielding his wits. The wise old manspake much in his sorrow, and sent you greetingsand bade that ye build, when he breathed no more,on the place of his balefire a barrow high,memorial mighty. Of men was heworthiest warrior wide earth o'erthe while he had joy of his jewels and burg.Let us set out in haste now, the second timeto see and search this store of treasure,these wall-hid wonders, -- the way I show you, --where, gathered near, ye may gaze your fillat broad-gold and rings. Let the bier, soon made,be all in order when out we come,our king and captain to carry thither-- man beloved -- where long he shall bidesafe in the shelter of sovran God."Then the bairn of Weohstan bade command,hardy chief, to heroes manythat owned their homesteads, hither to bringfirewood from far -- o'er the folk they ruled --for the famed-one's funeral. " Fire shall devourand wan flames feed on the fearless warriorwho oft stood stout in the iron-shower,when, sped from the string, a storm of arrowsshot o'er the shield-wall: the shaft held firm,featly feathered, followed the barb."And now the sage young son of Weohstanseven chose of the chieftain's thanes,the best he found that band within,and went with these warriors, one of eight,under hostile roof. In hand one borea lighted torch and led the way.No lots they cast for keeping the hoardwhen once the warriors saw it in hall,altogether without a guardian,lying there lost. And little they mournedwhen they had hastily haled it out,dear-bought treasure! The dragon they cast,the worm, o'er the wall for the wave to take,and surges swallowed that shepherd of gems.Then the woven gold on a wain was laden --countless quite! -- and the king was borne,hoary hero, to Hrones-Ness.

Words in this poem 25
wealth n.
Weal; welfare; prosperity; good. [OE. welthe, from wele; cf. D. weelde luxury. See Weal prosperity.]
watcher n.
One who watches; one who sits up or continues; a diligent observer; specifically, one who attends upon the sick during the night.
woful a.
Full of woe; sorrowful; distressed with grief or calamity; afflicted; wretched; unhappy; sad.
wondrous adv.
In a wonderful or surprising manner or degree; wonderfully. [OE. wonders, adv. (later also adj.). See Wonder, n., and cf. -wards.]
wend n.
A large extent of ground; a perambulation; a circuit.
doomsday n.
A day of sentence or condemnation; day of death. [AS. d. See Doom, and Day.]
greed n.
An eager desire or longing; greediness; as, a greed of gain. [Akin to Goth. grdus hunger, Icel. graedhr. sq. root34. See Greedy.]
aught n.
Property; possession. [AS. , fr. agan to own, p. p. ahte.]
hest n.
Command; precept; injunction. See Behest. [AS. hs, fr. h to call, bid. See Hight, and cf. Behest.]
liege a.
Sovereign; independent; having authority or right to allegiance; as, a liege lord. [OE. lige, lege, F. lige, LL. ligius, legius, liege, unlimited, complete, prob. of German origin; cf. G. ledig free from bonds and obstacles, MHG. ledec, ledic, ]
wielding n.
Power; authority; rule.
bade
A form of the pat tense of Bid.
balefire n.
A signal fire; an alarm fire. [AS. b the fire of the b fire, flame (akin to Icel. bal, OSlav. b, white, Gr. bright, white, Skr. bhala brightness) + f, E. fire.]
burg n.
A fortified town. [AS. burh, burg, cf. LL. burgus. See 1st Borough.]
bier n.
A handbarrow or portable frame on which a corpse is placed or borne to the grave. [OE. bæe, beere, AS. b, b; akin to D. baar, OHG. bara, G. bahre, Icel barar, Dbaare, L. feretrum, Gr. , from the same bear to produce. See 1st Bear, and cf. Barr]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
bide v. i.
To dwell; to inhabit; to abide; to stay. [OE. biden, AS. bidan; akin to OHG. bitan, Goth. beidan, Icel. bi; perh. orig., to wait with trust, and akin to bid. See Bid, v. t., and cf. Abide.]
sovran a.
A variant of Sovereign.
folk n.
In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
featly adv.
Neatly; dexterously; nimbly. [From Feat, a.]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
altogether adv.
All together; conjointly. [OE. altogedere; al all + togedere together. See Together.]
wain n.
A four-wheeled vehicle for the transportation of goods, produce, etc.; a wagon. [OE. wain, AS. wægn; akin to D. & G. wagen, OHG. wagan, Icel. & Sw. vagn, Dan. vogn, and E. way. Way, Weigh, and cf. Wagon.]
countless a.
Incapable of being counted; not ascertainable; innumerable.
hoary a.
White or whitish."The hoary willows."

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Part XL is in the public domain. This text is taken from Beowulf, Project Gutenberg ebook #981, the Francis B. Gummere translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Anonymous, Part XL, in Beowulf (1910), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #981, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/beowulf/part-xl.html, id L14228.

Form and metre

Part XL is 79 lines in a single verse paragraph. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is trochaic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 70%). 85% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.5 syllables. 16 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 42% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in trochaic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ----------A---A------------------------BB---------------C-C-------------------- trod · within · killed · avenged · it · valor · longer · friends · warden · not · lastA · gold · deep · be · fastA · hoard · heaven · view · weohstan · many · we · aught · beloved · we · been · world · ours · fate · lord · viewed · me · wise · seized · bear · back · still · man · greetings · more · highB · heB · o'er · burg · time · treasure · you · fill · made · come · thither · bide · god · command · many · bring · ruled · devourC · warrior · showerC · arrows · firm · barb · weohstan · thanes · within · eight · bore · way · hoard · hall · guardian · mourned · out · cast · take · gems · laden · borne · ness
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against trochaic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
A PERILOUS path, it proved, he trod9·/˘˘·····
who heinously hid, that hall within,9·········
wealth under wall! Its watcher had killed9·····/˘··
one of a few, and the feud was avenged10········˘/
in woful fashion. Wondrous seems it,9···/˘/˘··
what manner a man of might and valor10·/˘·····/˘
oft ends his life, when the earl no longer10········/˘
in mead-hall may live with loving friends.9······/˘·
So Beowulf, when that barrow's warden10·/˘···/˘/˘
he sought, and the struggle; himself knew not10····/˘˘/··
in what wise he should wend from the world at last.11···········
For princes potent, who placed the gold,9·/˘/˘····
with a curse to doomsday covered it deep,10····/·/˘··
so that marked with sin the man should be,9·········
hedged with horrors, in hell-bonds fast,8··/˘····
racked with plagues, who should rob their hoard.8········
Yet no greed for gold, but the grace of heaven,11·········/˘
ever the king had kept in view.8/˘······
Wiglaf spake, the son of Weohstan: --8········
"At the mandate of one, oft warriors many12··/····/˘˘/˘
sorrow must suffer; and so must we.9/˘·/˘····
The people's-shepherd showed not aught8·/˘/˘···
of care for our counsel, king beloved!10···/˘/˘·˘/
That guardian of gold he should grapple not, urged we,13·/˘˘····/˘···
but let him lie where he long had been9·········
in his earth-hall waiting the end of the world,11····/˘·····
the hest of heaven. -- This hoard is ours10···/˘···/˘
but grievously gotten; too grim the fate10·/˘˘/˘····
which thither carried our king and lord.10·/˘/˘/˘···
I was within there, and all I viewed,9·········
the chambered treasure, when chance allowed me10·/˘/˘··˘/·
(and my path was made in no pleasant wise)10·······/˘·
under the earth-wall. Eager, I seized9·····/˘··
such heap from the hoard as hands could bear9·········
and hurriedly carried it hither back10·/˘˘/˘·/˘·
to my liege and lord. Alive was he still,10·····˘/···
still wielding his wits. The wise old man9·/˘······
spake much in his sorrow, and sent you greetings11····/˘···/˘
and bade that ye build, when he breathed no more,10··········
on the place of his balefire a barrow high,11·····/˘·/˘·
memorial mighty. Of men was he10˘/˘˘/˘····
worthiest warrior wide earth o'er9/˘˘/˘˘···
the while he had joy of his jewels and burg.11·······/˘··
Let us set out in haste now, the second time11········/˘·
to see and search this store of treasure,9·······/˘
these wall-hid wonders, -- the way I show you, --10···/˘·····
where, gathered near, ye may gaze your fill9·/˘······
at broad-gold and rings. Let the bier, soon made,10··········
be all in order when out we come,9···/˘····
our king and captain to carry thither11/˘··/˘·/˘/˘
-- man beloved -- where long he shall bide8·˘/·····
safe in the shelter of sovran God."9···/˘·/˘·
Then the bairn of Weohstan bade command,9·······˘/
hardy chief, to heroes many8/˘··/˘/˘
that owned their homesteads, hither to bring9···/·/˘··
firewood from far -- o'er the folk they ruled --10/˘········
for the famed-one's funeral. " Fire shall devour13····/˘˘/˘·˘/˘
and wan flames feed on the fearless warrior11······/˘/˘˘
who oft stood stout in the iron-shower,10······/˘/˘
when, sped from the string, a storm of arrows10········/˘
shot o'er the shield-wall: the shaft held firm,9·········
featly feathered, followed the barb."8/˘/˘/˘··
And now the sage young son of Weohstan9·········
seven chose of the chieftain's thanes,8/˘···/˘·
the best he found that band within,8········
and went with these warriors, one of eight,10····/˘˘···
under hostile roof. In hand one bore9··/˘·····
a lighted torch and led the way.8·/˘·····
No lots they cast for keeping the hoard9·····/˘··
when once the warriors saw it in hall,10···/˘˘····
altogether without a guardian,10·˘/˘···/˘˘
lying there lost. And little they mourned9/˘···/˘··
when they had hastily haled it out,9···/˘˘···
dear-bought treasure! The dragon they cast,9··/˘·/˘··
the worm, o'er the wall for the wave to take,10··········
and surges swallowed that shepherd of gems.10·/˘/˘·/˘··
Then the woven gold on a wain was laden --11··/˘·····/˘
countless quite! -- and the king was borne,8/˘······
hoary hero, to Hrones-Ness.7/˘/˘···

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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