Part XXIX

Anonymous (about 900), translated by Francis B. Gummere · 1910

trochaic pentameter · unrhymed · 77 lines · from Beowulf

"So held this king to the customs old,that I wanted for nought in the wage I gained,the meed of my might; he made me gifts,Healfdene's heir, for my own disposal.Now to thee, my prince, I proffer them all,gladly give them. Thy grace alonecan find me favor. Few indeedhave I of kinsmen, save, Hygelac, thee!"Then he bade them bear him the boar-head standard,the battle-helm high, and breastplate gray,the splendid sword; then spake in form: --"Me this war-gear the wise old prince,Hrothgar, gave, and his hest he added,that its story be straightway said to thee. --A while it was held by Heorogar king,for long time lord of the land of Scyldings;yet not to his son the sovran left it,to daring Heoroweard, -- dear as he was to him,his harness of battle. -- Well hold thou it all!"And I heard that soon passed o'er the path of this treasure,all apple-fallow, four good steeds,each like the others, arms and horseshe gave to the king. So should kinsmen be,not weave one another the net of wiles,or with deep-hid treachery death contrivefor neighbor and comrade. His nephew was everby hardy Hygelac held full dear,and each kept watch o'er the other's weal.I heard, too, the necklace to Hygd he presented,wonder-wrought treasure, which Wealhtheow gave himsovran's daughter: three steeds he added,slender and saddle-gay. Since such giftthe gem gleamed bright on the breast of the queen.Thus showed his strain the son of Ecgtheowas a man remarked for mighty deedsand acts of honor. At ale he slew notcomrade or kin; nor cruel his mood,though of sons of earth his strength was greatest,a glorious gift that God had sentthe splendid leader. Long was he spurned,and worthless by Geatish warriors held;him at mead the master-of-clansfailed full oft to favor at all.Slack and shiftless the strong men deemed him,profitless prince; but payment came,to the warrior honored, for all his woes. --Then the bulwark-of-earls bade bring within,hardy chieftain, Hrethel's heirloomgarnished with gold: no Geat e'er knewin shape of a sword a statelier prize.The brand he laid in Beowulf's lap;and of hides assigned him seven thousand,with house and high-seat. They held in commonland alike by their line of birth,inheritance, home: but higher the kingbecause of his rule o'er the realm itself.

Now further it fell with the flight of years,with harryings horrid, that Hygelac perished,and Heardred, too, by hewing of swordsunder the shield-wall slaughtered lay,when him at the van of his victor-folksought hardy heroes, Heatho-Scilfings,in arms o'erwhelming Hereric's nephew.Then Beowulf came as king this broadrealm to wield; and he ruled it wellfifty winters, a wise old prince,warding his land, until One beganin the dark of night, a Dragon, to rage.In the grave on the hill a hoard it guarded,in the stone-barrow steep. A strait path reached it,unknown to mortals. Some man, however,came by chance that cave withinto the heathen hoard. In hand he tooka golden goblet, nor gave he it back,stole with it away, while the watcher slept,by thievish wiles: for the warden's wrathprince and people must pay betimes!

Words in this poem 17
wage v. i.
To bind one's self; to engage.
meed v. t.
To reward; to repay. Waytt.
gladly adv.
Preferably; by choice. [From Glad, a.]
bade
A form of the pat tense of Bid.
hest n.
Command; precept; injunction. See Behest. [AS. hs, fr. h to call, bid. See Hight, and cf. Behest.]
straightway adv.
Immediately; without loss of time; without delay.
sovran a.
A variant of Sovereign.
nephew n.
A grandson or grandchild, or remoter lineal descendant. [OE. neveu, nevou, nevu, fr. F. neveu, OF. also, nevou, L. nepos; akin to AS. nefa, D. neef, G. neffe, OHG. nevo, Icel. nefi a kinsman, gr. nepat grandson, desce]
glorious a.
Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.]
profitless a.
Without profit; unprofitable.
geat n.
The channel or spout through which molten metal runs into a mold in casting. [See Gate a door.]
horrid a.
Rough; rugged; bristling. [L. horridus. See Horror, and cf. Ordure.]
folk n.
In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
wield v. t.
To govern; to rule; to keep, or have in charge; also, to possess. [OE. welden to govern, to have power over, to possess, AS. geweldan, gewyldan, from wealdan; akin to OS. waldan, OFries. walda, G. walten, OHG. waltan, Icel. val]
stole n.
A long, loose garment reaching to the feet. [AS. stole, L. stola, Gr. stall. See Stall.]
watcher n.
One who watches; one who sits up or continues; a diligent observer; specifically, one who attends upon the sick during the night.
betimes adv.
In good season or time; before it is late; seasonably; early. [Pref. be- (for by) + time; that is, by the proper time. The -s is an adverbial ending.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Part XXIX is in the public domain. This text is taken from Beowulf, Project Gutenberg ebook #981, the Francis B. Gummere translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Anonymous, Part XXIX, in Beowulf (1910), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #981, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/beowulf/part-xxix.html, id L14217.

Form and metre

Part XXIX is 77 lines in 2 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is trochaic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 71%). 90% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.5 syllables. 15 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 31% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in trochaic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ---AA-B-B----------------------------------------------- old · gained · gifts · disposalA · allA · alone · indeedB · thee · standardB · gray · form · prince · added · thee · king · scyldings · it · him · all · treasure · steeds · horses · be · wiles · contrive · ever · dear · weal · presented · him · added · gift · queen · ecgtheow · deeds · not · mood · greatest · sent · spurned · held · clans · all · him · came · woes · within · heirloom · knew · prize · lap · thousand · common · birth · king · itself
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against trochaic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
"So held this king to the customs old,9······/˘·
that I wanted for nought in the wage I gained,11··/˘·······
the meed of my might; he made me gifts,9·········
Healfdene's heir, for my own disposal.9······˘/˘
Now to thee, my prince, I proffer them all,10······/˘··
gladly give them. Thy grace alone8/˘····˘/
can find me favor. Few indeed8···/˘·˘/
have I of kinsmen, save, Hygelac, thee!"10··········
Then he bade them bear him the boar-head standard,11·········/˘
the battle-helm high, and breastplate gray,9·/˘···/··
the splendid sword; then spake in form: --8·/˘·····
"Me this war-gear the wise old prince,8········
Hrothgar, gave, and his hest he added,9·······/˘
that its story be straightway said to thee. --10··/˘·/˘···
A while it was held by Heorogar king,10··········
for long time lord of the land of Scyldings;10··········
yet not to his son the sovran left it,10······/˘··
to daring Heoroweard, -- dear as he was to him,12·/˘·········
his harness of battle. -- Well hold thou it all!"11·/˘·/˘·····
And I heard that soon passed o'er the path of this treasure,13···········/˘
all apple-fallow, four good steeds,8·/˘/····
each like the others, arms and horses9···/˘··/˘
he gave to the king. So should kinsmen be,10··········
not weave one another the net of wiles,10···˘/˘····
or with deep-hid treachery death contrive10····/˘˘·˘/
for neighbor and comrade. His nephew was ever12·/˘·/··/˘·/˘
by hardy Hygelac held full dear,9·/˘······
and each kept watch o'er the other's weal.9······/˘·
I heard, too, the necklace to Hygd he presented,12····/˘···˘/˘
wonder-wrought treasure, which Wealhtheow gave him10/˘·/˘·····
sovran's daughter: three steeds he added,9/˘/˘···/˘
slender and saddle-gay. Since such gift9/˘·/˘····
the gem gleamed bright on the breast of the queen.10··········
Thus showed his strain the son of Ecgtheow9·········
as a man remarked for mighty deeds9···˘/·/˘·
and acts of honor. At ale he slew not10···/˘·····
comrade or kin; nor cruel his mood,9/····/˘··
though of sons of earth his strength was greatest,10········/˘
a glorious gift that God had sent9·/˘˘·····
the splendid leader. Long was he spurned,9·/˘/˘····
and worthless by Geatish warriors held;10·/˘···/˘˘·
him at mead the master-of-clans8····/˘··
failed full oft to favor at all.8····/˘··
Slack and shiftless the strong men deemed him,9··/˘·····
profitless prince; but payment came,8/˘˘··/˘·
to the warrior honored, for all his woes. --11··/˘˘/˘····
Then the bulwark-of-earls bade bring within,10··/˘······
hardy chieftain, Hrethel's heirloom8/˘/˘··/·
garnished with gold: no Geat e'er knew8/˘······
in shape of a sword a statelier prize.10··········
The brand he laid in Beowulf's lap;9·····/˘··
and of hides assigned him seven thousand,10···˘/·/˘/˘
with house and high-seat. They held in common10········/˘
land alike by their line of birth,8·˘/·····
inheritance, home: but higher the king10˘/˘˘··/˘··
because of his rule o'er the realm itself.10········˘/
Now further it fell with the flight of years,10·/˘·······
with harryings horrid, that Hygelac perished,11···/˘····/˘
and Heardred, too, by hewing of swords8····/˘··
under the shield-wall slaughtered lay,8·····/˘·
when him at the van of his victor-folk10·······/˘·
sought hardy heroes, Heatho-Scilfings,9·/˘/˘····
in arms o'erwhelming Hereric's nephew.10········/˘
Then Beowulf came as king this broad9·/˘······
realm to wield; and he ruled it well8········
fifty winters, a wise old prince,8/˘/˘····
warding his land, until One began9/˘·····˘/
in the dark of night, a Dragon, to rage.10······/˘··
In the grave on the hill a hoard it guarded,11·········/˘
in the stone-barrow steep. A strait path reached it,11···/˘······
unknown to mortals. Some man, however,10˘/·/˘···/˘
came by chance that cave within7·······
to the heathen hoard. In hand he took9··/˘·····
a golden goblet, nor gave he it back,10·/˘/˘·····
stole with it away, while the watcher slept,10···˘/··/˘·
by thievish wiles: for the warden's wrath9·/˘···/˘·
prince and people must pay betimes!8··/˘····

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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