Part XVI
AND the lord of earls, to each that camewith Beowulf over the briny ways,an heirloom there at the ale-bench gave,precious gift; and the price bade payin gold for him whom Grendel erstmurdered, -- and fain of them more had killed,had not wisest God their Wyrd averted,and the man's brave mood. The Maker thenruled human kind, as here and now.Therefore is insight always best,and forethought of mind. How much awaits himof lief and of loath, who long time here,through days of warfare this world endures!
Then song and music mingled soundsin the presence of Healfdene's head-of-armiesand harping was heard with the hero-layas Hrothgar's singer the hall-joy wokealong the mead-seats, making his songof that sudden raid on the sons of Finn.Healfdene's hero, Hnaef the Scylding,was fated to fall in the Frisian slaughter.Hildeburh needed not hold in valueher enemies' honor! Innocent bothwere the loved ones she lost at the linden-play,bairn and brother, they bowed to fate,stricken by spears; 'twas a sorrowful woman!None doubted why the daughter of Hocbewailed her doom when dawning came,and under the sky she saw them lying,kinsmen murdered, where most she had kennedof the sweets of the world! By war were swept, too,Finn's own liegemen, and few were left;in the parleying-place he could ply no longerweapon, nor war could he wage on Hengest,and rescue his remnant by right of armsfrom the prince's thane. A pact he offered:another dwelling the Danes should have,hall and high-seat, and half the powershould fall to them in Frisian land;and at the fee-gifts, Folcwald's sonday by day the Danes should honor,the folk of Hengest favor with rings,even as truly, with treasure and jewels,with fretted gold, as his Frisian kinhe meant to honor in ale-hall there.Pact of peace they plighted furtheron both sides firmly. Finn to Hengestwith oath, upon honor, openly promisedthat woful remnant, with wise-men's aid,nobly to govern, so none of the guestsby word or work should warp the treaty,or with malice of mind bemoan themselvesas forced to follow their fee-giver's slayer,lordless men, as their lot ordained.Should Frisian, moreover, with foeman's taunt,that murderous hatred to mind recall,then edge of the sword must seal his doom.
Oaths were given, and ancient goldheaped from hoard. -- The hardy Scylding,battle-thane best, on his balefire lay.All on the pyre were plain to seethe gory sark, the gilded swine-crest,boar of hard iron, and athelings manyslain by the sword: at the slaughter they fell.It was Hildeburh's hest, at Hnaef's own pyrethe bairn of her body on brands to lay,his bones to burn, on the balefire placed,at his uncle's side. In sorrowful dirgesbewept them the woman: great wailing ascended.Then wound up to welkin the wildest of death-fires,roared o'er the hillock: heads all were melted,gashes burst, and blood gushed outfrom bites of the body. Balefire devoured,greediest spirit, those spared not by warout of either folk: their flower was gone.
Words in this poem 24
- briny a.
- Of or pertaining to brine, or to the sea; partaking of the nature of brine; salt; as, a briny taste; the briny flood. [From Brine.]
- bade
- A form of the pat tense of Bid.
- fain v. t.
- To be glad ; to wish or desire.
- averted a.
- Turned away, esp. as an expression of feeling; also, offended; unpropitious.
- insight n.
- A sight or view of the interior of anything; a deep inspection or view; introspection; -- frequently used with into.
- forethought a.
- Thought of, or planned, beforehand; aforethought; prepense; hence, deliberate.
- loath a.
- Hateful; odious; disliked. [OE. looth, loth, AS. la hostile, odious; akin to OS. l, G. leid, Icel. lei, Sw. led, G. leiden to suffer, OHG. lidan to suffer, go, cf. AS. li to go, Goth. leip]
- harping a.
- Pertaining to the harp; as, harping symphonies.
- finn a.
- A native of Finland; one of the FinnFinns.
- frisian a.
- Of or pertaining to Friesland, a province of the Netherlands; Friesic.
- stricken p. p.
- Struck; smitten; wounded; as, the stricken deer.
- wage v. i.
- To bind one's self; to engage.
- pact n.
- An agreement; a league; a compact; a covenant. [L. pactum, fr. paciscere to make a bargain or contract, fr. pacere to settle, or agree upon; cf. pangere to fasten, Gr. paca bond, and E. fang: cf. F. pacie. Cf]
- folk n.
- In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
- woful a.
- Full of woe; sorrowful; distressed with grief or calamity; afflicted; wretched; unhappy; sad.
- nobly adv.
- Of noble extraction; as, nobly born or descended.
- bemoan v. t.
- To express deep grief for by moaning; to express sorrow for; to lament; to bewail; to pity or sympathize with. [OE. bimenen, AS. bem; pref. be- + m to moan. See Moan.]
- slayer n.
- One who slays; a killer; a murderer; a destrroyer of life.
- balefire n.
- A signal fire; an alarm fire. [AS. b the fire of the b fire, flame (akin to Icel. bal, OSlav. b, white, Gr. bright, white, Skr. bhala brightness) + f, E. fire.]
- pyre n.
- A funeral pile; a combustible heap on which the dead are burned; hence, any pile to be burnt. [L. pure, Gr. Fire.]
- gory a.
- Covered with gore or clotted blood. [From Gore.]
- sark v. t.
- To cover with sarking, or thin boards.
- hest n.
- Command; precept; injunction. See Behest. [AS. hs, fr. h to call, bid. See Hight, and cf. Behest.]
- welkin n.
- The visible regions of the air; the vault of heaven; the sky. [OE. welken, welkene, welkne, wolcne, weolcne, AS. wolcen, pl. wolcnu, a cloud; akin to D. wolk, OFries. wolken, OS. wolkan, G. wolke, OHG. wolchan, and probably]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Part XVI is in the public domain. This text is taken from Beowulf, Project Gutenberg ebook #981, the Francis B. Gummere translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Anonymous, Part XVI, in Beowulf (1910), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #981, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/beowulf/part-xvi.html, id L14204.
Form and metre
Part XVI is 75 lines in 3 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is trochaic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 73%). 88% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.5 syllables. 24 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 41% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in trochaic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 2 ----A-A------------------------------------- sounds · armies · lay · woke · songA · finn · scyldingA · slaughter · value · both · play · fate · woman · hoc · came · lying · kenned · too · left · longer · hengest · arms · offered · have · power · land · son · honor · rings · jewels · kin · there · further · hengest · promised · aid · guests · treaty · themselves · slayer · ordained · taunt · recall · doom
- 3 --A-----A--------- gold · scylding · layA · see · crest · many · fell · pyre · layA · placed · dirges · ascended · fires · melted · out · devoured · war · gone
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against trochaic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| AND the lord of earls, to each that came | 9 | ········· |
| with Beowulf over the briny ways, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| an heirloom there at the ale-bench gave, | 9 | ·/······· |
| precious gift; and the price bade pay | 8 | /˘······ |
| in gold for him whom Grendel erst | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| murdered, -- and fain of them more had killed, | 9 | /˘······· |
| had not wisest God their Wyrd averted, | 10 | ··/˘···˘/˘ |
| and the man's brave mood. The Maker then | 9 | ······/˘· |
| ruled human kind, as here and now. | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Therefore is insight always best, | 8 | ···/·/·· |
| and forethought of mind. How much awaits him | 10 | ·/·····˘/· |
| of lief and of loath, who long time here, | 9 | ········· |
| through days of warfare this world endures! | 9 | ···/···˘/ |
| Then song and music mingled sounds | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| in the presence of Healfdene's head-of-armies | 11 | ··/˘·····/˘ |
| and harping was heard with the hero-lay | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| as Hrothgar's singer the hall-joy woke | 9 | ···/˘···· |
| along the mead-seats, making his song | 9 | ˘/···/˘·· |
| of that sudden raid on the sons of Finn. | 10 | ··/˘······ |
| Healfdene's hero, Hnaef the Scylding, | 8 | ··/˘···· |
| was fated to fall in the Frisian slaughter. | 11 | ·/˘····/˘/˘ |
| Hildeburh needed not hold in value | 10 | ···/˘···/˘ |
| her enemies' honor! Innocent both | 10 | ·/˘˘/˘/˘˘· |
| were the loved ones she lost at the linden-play, | 11 | ········/˘· |
| bairn and brother, they bowed to fate, | 8 | ··/˘···· |
| stricken by spears; 'twas a sorrowful woman! | 11 | /˘····/˘˘/˘ |
| None doubted why the daughter of Hoc | 9 | ·/˘··/˘·· |
| bewailed her doom when dawning came, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| and under the sky she saw them lying, | 10 | ········/˘ |
| kinsmen murdered, where most she had kenned | 9 | ··/˘····· |
| of the sweets of the world! By war were swept, too, | 11 | ··········· |
| Finn's own liegemen, and few were left; | 9 | ········· |
| in the parleying-place he could ply no longer | 12 | ··/˘˘·····/˘ |
| weapon, nor war could he wage on Hengest, | 10 | /˘······/˘ |
| and rescue his remnant by right of arms | 10 | ·/˘·/˘···· |
| from the prince's thane. A pact he offered: | 10 | ··/˘····/˘ |
| another dwelling the Danes should have, | 9 | ˘/˘/˘···· |
| hall and high-seat, and half the power | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| should fall to them in Frisian land; | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| and at the fee-gifts, Folcwald's son | 8 | ········ |
| day by day the Danes should honor, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| the folk of Hengest favor with rings, | 9 | ···/˘/˘·· |
| even as truly, with treasure and jewels, | 11 | /˘·/˘·/˘·/˘ |
| with fretted gold, as his Frisian kin | 9 | ·/˘···/˘· |
| he meant to honor in ale-hall there. | 9 | ···/˘···· |
| Pact of peace they plighted further | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| on both sides firmly. Finn to Hengest | 9 | ···/˘··/˘ |
| with oath, upon honor, openly promised | 11 | ····/˘/˘˘/˘ |
| that woful remnant, with wise-men's aid, | 9 | ···/˘···· |
| nobly to govern, so none of the guests | 10 | /˘·/˘····· |
| by word or work should warp the treaty, | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| or with malice of mind bemoan themselves | 10 | ··/˘··˘/˘/ |
| as forced to follow their fee-giver's slayer, | 11 | ···/˘··/˘/˘ |
| lordless men, as their lot ordained. | 8 | ······˘/ |
| Should Frisian, moreover, with foeman's taunt, | 10 | ·/˘˘/˘···· |
| that murderous hatred to mind recall, | 10 | ·/˘˘/˘··/· |
| then edge of the sword must seal his doom. | 9 | ········· |
| Oaths were given, and ancient gold | 8 | ··/˘·/˘· |
| heaped from hoard. -- The hardy Scylding, | 8 | ····/˘·· |
| battle-thane best, on his balefire lay. | 9 | /˘····/˘· |
| All on the pyre were plain to see | 9 | ···/˘···· |
| the gory sark, the gilded swine-crest, | 9 | ·/˘··/˘·· |
| boar of hard iron, and athelings many | 11 | ···/˘····/˘ |
| slain by the sword: at the slaughter they fell. | 10 | ······/˘·· |
| It was Hildeburh's hest, at Hnaef's own pyre | 11 | ·········/˘ |
| the bairn of her body on brands to lay, | 10 | ····/˘···· |
| his bones to burn, on the balefire placed, | 9 | ······/˘· |
| at his uncle's side. In sorrowful dirges | 11 | ··/˘··/˘˘/˘ |
| bewept them the woman: great wailing ascended. | 12 | ····/˘·/˘˘/˘ |
| Then wound up to welkin the wildest of death-fires, | 13 | ····/˘·/˘··/˘ |
| roared o'er the hillock: heads all were melted, | 10 | ···/˘···/˘ |
| gashes burst, and blood gushed out | 7 | /˘····· |
| from bites of the body. Balefire devoured, | 11 | ····/˘/˘˘/˘ |
| greediest spirit, those spared not by war | 10 | ·˘˘/˘····· |
| out of either folk: their flower was gone. | 10 | ··/˘··/˘·· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.