Part XV

Anonymous (about 900), translated by Francis B. Gummere · 1910

iambic pentameter · unrhymed · 60 lines · from Beowulf

THERE was hurry and hest in Heorot nowfor hands to bedeck it, and dense was the throngof men and women the wine-hall to cleanse,the guest-room to garnish. Gold-gay shone the hangingsthat were wove on the wall, and wonders manyto delight each mortal that looks upon them.Though braced within by iron bands,that building bright was broken sorely;rent were its hinges; the roof aloneheld safe and sound, when, seared with crime,the fiendish foe his flight essayed,of life despairing. -- No light thing that,the flight for safety, -- essay it who will!Forced of fate, he shall find his wayto the refuge ready for race of man,for soul-possessors, and sons of earth;and there his body on bed of deathshall rest after revel.Arrived was the hourwhen to hall proceeded Healfdene's son:the king himself would sit to banquet.Ne'er heard I of host in haughtier throngmore graciously gathered round giver-of-rings!Bowed then to bench those bearers-of-glory,fain of the feasting. Featly receivedmany a mead-cup the mighty-in-spirit,kinsmen who sat in the sumptuous hall,Hrothgar and Hrothulf. Heorot nowwas filled with friends; the folk of Scyldingsne'er yet had tried the traitor's deed.To Beowulf gave the bairn of Healfdenea gold-wove banner, guerdon of triumph,broidered battle-flag, breastplate and helmet;and a splendid sword was seen of manyborne to the brave one. Beowulf tookcup in hall: for such costly giftshe suffered no shame in that soldier throng.For I heard of few heroes, in heartier mood,with four such gifts, so fashioned with gold,on the ale-bench honoring others thus!O'er the roof of the helmet high, a ridge,wound with wires, kept ward o'er the head,lest the relict-of-files should fierce invade,sharp in the strife, when that shielded heroshould go to grapple against his foes.Then the earls'-defence on the floor bade leadcoursers eight, with carven head-gear,adown the hall: one horse was deckedwith a saddle all shining and set in jewels;'twas the battle-seat of the best of kings,when to play of swords the son of Healfdenewas fain to fare. Ne'er failed his valorin the crush of combat when corpses fell.To Beowulf over them both then gavethe refuge-of-Ingwines right and power,o'er war-steeds and weapons: wished him joy of them.Manfully thus the mighty prince,hoard-guard for heroes, that hard fight repaidwith steeds and treasures contemned by nonewho is willing to say the sooth aright.

Words in this poem 21
hest n.
Command; precept; injunction. See Behest. [AS. hs, fr. h to call, bid. See Hight, and cf. Behest.]
bedeck v. t.
To deck, ornament, or adorn; to grace.
garnish v. t.
To decorate with ornamental appendages; to set off; to adorn; to embellish. [OE. garnischen, garnissen, OF. garnir to provide, strengthen, prepare, garnish, warn, F. garnir to provide, furnish, garnish, -- of German origin; cf. OHG. warn]
wove
p. pr. & rare vb. n. of Weave.
sorely adv.
In a sore manner; grievously; painfully; as, to be sorely afflicted.
seared a.
Scorched; cauterized; hence, figuratively, insensible; not susceptible to moral influences.
fiendish a.
Like a fiend; diabolically wicked or cruel; infernal; malignant; devilish; hellish.
despairing a.
Feeling or expressing despair; hopeless.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
graciously adv.
In a gracious manner; courteously; benignantly.
giver n.
One who gives; a donor; a bestower; a grantor; one who imparts or distributes.
fain v. t.
To be glad ; to wish or desire.
featly adv.
Neatly; dexterously; nimbly. [From Feat, a.]
folk n.
In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
guerdon n.
A reward; requital; recompense; -- used in both a good and a bad sense. [OF. guerdon, guerredon, LL. widerdonum (influenced by L. donum gift, cf. Donation ), fr. OHG. widarl; widar again, against (G. wider wieder) + lon reward, G. lo]
strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
bade
A form of the pat tense of Bid.
carven a.
Wrought by carving; ornamented by carvings; carved.
adown adv.
From a higher to a lower situation; downward; down, to or on the ground. [OE. adun, adoun, adune. AS. of dune off the hill. See Down.]
sooth a.
True; faithful; trustworthy. [OE. soth, AS. s, for san; akin to OS. s, OHG. sand, Icel. sannr, Sw. sann, Dan. sand, Skr. sat, sant, real, genuine, present, being; properly p. pr. from a root]
aright adv.
Rightly; correctly; in a right way or form; without mistake or crime; as, to worship God aright. [Pref. a- + right.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Part XV is in the public domain. This text is taken from Beowulf, Project Gutenberg ebook #981, the Francis B. Gummere translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Anonymous, Part XV, in Beowulf (1910), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #981, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/beowulf/part-xv.html, id L14203.

Form and metre

Part XV is 60 lines in a single verse paragraph. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 79%). 88% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.4 syllables. 15 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 40% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter, other poems in blank verse.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -----------------------------------------A---A-------------- now · throng · cleanse · hangings · many · them · bands · sorely · alone · crime · essayed · that · will · way · man · earth · death · revel · hour · son · banquet · throng · rings · glory · received · spirit · hall · now · scyldings · deed · healfdene · triumph · helmet · many · took · gifts · throng · mood · gold · thus · ridge · headA · invade · hero · foes · leadA · gear · decked · jewels · kings · healfdene · valor · fell · gave · power · them · prince · repaid · none · aright
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
THERE was hurry and hest in Heorot now10··/˘······
for hands to bedeck it, and dense was the throng11···˘/······
of men and women the wine-hall to cleanse,10···/˘·····
the guest-room to garnish. Gold-gay shone the hangings12····/˘····/˘
that were wove on the wall, and wonders many11·······/˘/˘
to delight each mortal that looks upon them.11·˘/·/˘·····
Though braced within by iron bands,8·····/˘·
that building bright was broken sorely;9·/˘··/˘/˘
rent were its hinges; the roof alone9···/˘··˘/
held safe and sound, when, seared with crime,8········
the fiendish foe his flight essayed,8·/˘···˘/
of life despairing. -- No light thing that,9··˘/˘····
the flight for safety, -- essay it who will!10···/˘˘/···
Forced of fate, he shall find his way8········
to the refuge ready for race of man,10··/˘/˘····
for soul-possessors, and sons of earth;9··˘/˘····
and there his body on bed of death9···/˘····
shall rest after revel.6····/˘
Arrived was the hour6˘/··/˘
when to hall proceeded Healfdene's son:9···˘/˘···
the king himself would sit to banquet.9··˘/···/˘
Ne'er heard I of host in haughtier throng9·········
more graciously gathered round giver-of-rings!11·/˘˘/˘·/˘··
Bowed then to bench those bearers-of-glory,10·····/˘·/˘
fain of the feasting. Featly received9···/˘/˘˘/
many a mead-cup the mighty-in-spirit,11/˘····/˘·/˘
kinsmen who sat in the sumptuous hall,9······/˘·
Hrothgar and Hrothulf. Heorot now8········
was filled with friends; the folk of Scyldings9·········
ne'er yet had tried the traitor's deed.8·····/˘·
To Beowulf gave the bairn of Healfdene10·/˘·······
a gold-wove banner, guerdon of triumph,10···/˘/˘·/˘
broidered battle-flag, breastplate and helmet;10··/˘·/··/˘
and a splendid sword was seen of many10··/˘····/˘
borne to the brave one. Beowulf took9·····/˘··
cup in hall: for such costly gifts8·····/˘·
he suffered no shame in that soldier throng.10·/˘····/˘·
For I heard of few heroes, in heartier mood,12·····/˘·/˘˘·
with four such gifts, so fashioned with gold,9·····/˘··
on the ale-bench honoring others thus!10····/˘˘/˘·
O'er the roof of the helmet high, a ridge,10·····/˘···
wound with wires, kept ward o'er the head,9··/˘·····
lest the relict-of-files should fierce invade,10··/˘····˘/
sharp in the strife, when that shielded hero10······/˘/˘
should go to grapple against his foes.9···/˘····
Then the earls'-defence on the floor bade lead10···˘/·····
coursers eight, with carven head-gear,8/˘··/˘··
adown the hall: one horse was decked8˘/······
with a saddle all shining and set in jewels;12··/˘·/˘···/˘
'twas the battle-seat of the best of kings,10··/˘······
when to play of swords the son of Healfdene10··········
was fain to fare. Ne'er failed his valor9·······/˘
in the crush of combat when corpses fell.10····/˘·/˘·
To Beowulf over them both then gave10·/˘·······
the refuge-of-Ingwines right and power,10·/˘·····/˘
o'er war-steeds and weapons: wished him joy of them.11····/˘·····
Manfully thus the mighty prince,8/˘˘··/˘·
hoard-guard for heroes, that hard fight repaid10···/˘···˘/
with steeds and treasures contemned by none9···/˘····
who is willing to say the sooth aright.10··/˘····˘/

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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