Part VI

Anonymous (about 900), translated by Francis B. Gummere · 1910

iambic tetrameter · unrhymed · 85 lines · from Beowulf

HROTHGAR answered, helmet of Scyldings: --"I knew him of yore in his youthful days;his aged father was Ecgtheow named,to whom, at home, gave Hrethel the Geathis only daughter. Their offspring boldfares hither to seek the steadfast friend.And seamen, too, have said me this, --who carried my gifts to the Geatish court,thither for thanks, -- he has thirty men'sheft of grasp in the gripe of his hand,the bold-in-battle. Blessed Godout of his mercy this man hath sentto Danes of the West, as I ween indeed,against horror of Grendel. I hope to givethe good youth gold for his gallant thought.Be thou in haste, and bid them hither,clan of kinsmen, to come before me;and add this word, -- they are welcome gueststo folk of the Danes."Wulfgar went] and the word declared: --"To you this message my master sends,East-Danes' king, that your kin he knows,hardy heroes, and hails you allwelcome hither o'er waves of the sea!Ye may wend your way in war-attire,and under helmets Hrothgar greet;but let here the battle-shields bide your parley,and wooden war-shafts wait its end."Uprose the mighty one, ringed with his men,brave band of thanes: some bode without,battle-gear guarding, as bade the chief.Then hied that troop where the herald led them,under Heorot's roof:hardy 'neath helm, till the hearth he neared.Beowulf spake, -- his breastplate gleamed,war-net woven by wit of the smith: --"Thou Hrothgar, hail! Hygelac's I,kinsman and follower. Fame a plentyhave I gained in youth! These Grendel-deedsI heard in my home-land heralded clear.Seafarers say how stands this hall,of buildings best, for your band of thanesempty and idle, when evening sunin the harbor of heaven is hidden away.So my vassals advised me well, --brave and wise, the best of men, --O sovran Hrothgar, to seek thee here,for my nerve and my might they knew full well.Themselves had seen me from slaughter comeblood-flecked from foes, where five I bound,and that wild brood worsted. I' the waves I slewnicors by night, in need and perilavenging the Weders, whose woe they sought, --crushing the grim ones. Grendel now,monster cruel, be mine to quellin single battle! So, from thee,thou sovran of the Shining-Danes,Scyldings'-bulwark, a boon I seek, --and, Friend-of-the-folk, refuse it not,O Warriors'-shield, now I've wandered far, --that I alone with my liegemen here,this hardy band, may Heorot purge!More I hear, that the monster dire,in his wanton mood, of weapons recks not;hence shall I scorn -- so Hygelac stay,king of my kindred, kind to me! --brand or buckler to bear in the fight,gold-colored targe: but with gripe alonemust I front the fiend and fight for life,foe against foe. Then faith be hisin the doom of the Lord whom death shall take.Fain, I ween, if the fight he win,in this hall of gold my Geatish bandwill he fearless eat, -- as oft before, --my noblest thanes. Nor need'st thou thento hide my head; for his shall I be,dyed in gore, if death must take me;and my blood-covered body he'll bear as prey,ruthless devour it, the roamer-lonely,with my life-blood redden his lair in the fen:no further for me need'st food prepare!To Hygelac send, if Hild should take me,best of war-weeds, warding my breast,armor excellent, heirloom of Hretheland work of Wayland. Fares Wyrd as she must."

Words in this poem 21
yore adv.
In time long past; in old time; long since. [OE. , yare, , AS. geára;akin to geár a year, E. year. Year.]
geat n.
The channel or spout through which molten metal runs into a mold in casting. [See Gate a door.]
heft n.
The act or effort of heaving [From Heave: cf. hefe weight. Cf. Haft.]
ween v. i.
To think; to imagine; to fancy. [OE. wenen, AS. w, fr. w hope, expectation, opinion; akin to D. waan, OFries. w, OS. & OHG. wan, G. wahn delusion, Icel. van hope, expectation, Goth. w, and D. w]
folk n.
In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
wend n.
A large extent of ground; a perambulation; a circuit.
bide v. i.
To dwell; to inhabit; to abide; to stay. [OE. biden, AS. bidan; akin to OHG. bitan, Goth. beidan, Icel. bi; perh. orig., to wait with trust, and akin to bid. See Bid, v. t., and cf. Abide.]
bode n.
An omen; a foreshadowing.
bade
A form of the pat tense of Bid.
kinsman n.
A man of the same race or family; one related by blood.
sovran a.
A variant of Sovereign.
quell v. t.
To take the life of; to kill. [OE. quellen to kill, AS. cwellan, causative of cwelan to die; akin to OHG. quellen to torment, Icel. kvelja. See Quail to cower.]
boon n.
A prayer or petition. [OE. bone, boin, a petition, fr. Icel. b; akin to Sw. & Dan. b, AS. b, and perh. to E. ban; but influenced by F. bon good, fr. L. bonus. Ban, Bounty.]
dire a.
Ill-boding; portentous; as, dire omens. [L. dirus; of uncertain origin.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
targe n.
A shield or target. [F. Cf. Target.]
fain v. t.
To be glad ; to wish or desire.
ruthless a.
Having no ruth; cruel; pitiless.
roamer n.
One who roams; a wanderer.
lair n.
A place in which to lie or rest; especially, the bed or couch of a wild beast. [OE. leir, AS. leger; akin to D. leger, G. lager couch, lair, OHG. laga, Goth. ligrs, and to E. lie. See Lie to be prostrate, and cf. Layer, Leaguer.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Part VI is in the public domain. This text is taken from Beowulf, Project Gutenberg ebook #981, the Francis B. Gummere translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Anonymous, Part VI, in Beowulf (1910), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #981, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/beowulf/part-vi.html, id L14194.

Form and metre

Part VI is 85 lines in a single verse paragraph. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 79%). 90% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.9 syllables. 6 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 25% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -----------------------------------------------A---A--A--------------------BB-------- scyldings · days · named · geat · bold · friend · this · court · men's · hand · god · sent · indeed · give · thought · hither · me · guests · danes · declared · sends · knows · all · sea · attire · greet · parley · end · men · without · chief · them · roof · neared · gleamed · smith · i · plenty · deeds · clear · hall · thanes · sun · away · well · men · here · wellA · come · bound · slew · perilA · sought · now · quellA · thee · danes · seek · not · far · here · purge · dire · not · stay · me · fight · alone · life · his · take · win · band · before · then · beB · meB · prey · lonely · fen · prepare · me · breast · hrethel · must
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
HROTHGAR answered, helmet of Scyldings: --9··/˘/˘···
"I knew him of yore in his youthful days;10·······/˘·
his aged father was Ecgtheow named,8··/˘····
to whom, at home, gave Hrethel the Geat9·········
his only daughter. Their offspring bold9·/˘/˘·/··
fares hither to seek the steadfast friend.9·/˘···/··
And seamen, too, have said me this, --8·/˘·····
who carried my gifts to the Geatish court,10·/˘·······
thither for thanks, -- he has thirty men's9/˘····/˘·
heft of grasp in the gripe of his hand,9·········
the bold-in-battle. Blessed God7···/˘··
out of his mercy this man hath sent9···/˘····
to Danes of the West, as I ween indeed,10········˘/
against horror of Grendel. I hope to give11··/˘·/˘····
the good youth gold for his gallant thought.9······/˘·
Be thou in haste, and bid them hither,9·······/˘
clan of kinsmen, to come before me;9·········
and add this word, -- they are welcome guests9······/˘·
to folk of the Danes."5·····
Wulfgar went] and the word declared: --8······˘/
"To you this message my master sends,9···/˘·/˘·
East-Danes' king, that your kin he knows,8········
hardy heroes, and hails you all8/˘/˘····
welcome hither o'er waves of the sea!9/˘/˘·····
Ye may wend your way in war-attire,10·······˘/˘
and under helmets Hrothgar greet;8···/˘···
but let here the battle-shields bide your parley,11····/˘···/˘
and wooden war-shafts wait its end."8·/˘·····
Uprose the mighty one, ringed with his men,10···/˘·····
brave band of thanes: some bode without,8········
battle-gear guarding, as bade the chief.9/˘·/˘····
Then hied that troop where the herald led them,10······/˘··
under Heorot's roof:5·····
hardy 'neath helm, till the hearth he neared.9/˘·······
Beowulf spake, -- his breastplate gleamed,8/˘···/··
war-net woven by wit of the smith: --9··/˘·····
"Thou Hrothgar, hail! Hygelac's I,8········
kinsman and follower. Fame a plenty10/··/˘˘··/˘
have I gained in youth! These Grendel-deeds9······/˘·
I heard in my home-land heralded clear.10······/˘˘·
Seafarers say how stands this hall,8/·˘·····
of buildings best, for your band of thanes9·/˘······
empty and idle, when evening sun9/˘·/˘·/˘·
in the harbor of heaven is hidden away.12··/˘·/˘·/˘˘/
So my vassals advised me well, --8··/˘˘/··
brave and wise, the best of men, --7·······
O sovran Hrothgar, to seek thee here,9·/˘······
for my nerve and my might they knew full well.10··········
Themselves had seen me from slaughter come9˘/····/˘·
blood-flecked from foes, where five I bound,8········
and that wild brood worsted. I' the waves I slew11····/˘·····
nicors by night, in need and peril9/······/˘
avenging the Weders, whose woe they sought, --10˘/˘·······
crushing the grim ones. Grendel now,8/˘···/˘·
monster cruel, be mine to quell8/˘/˘····
in single battle! So, from thee,8·/˘/˘···
thou sovran of the Shining-Danes,8·/˘··/˘·
Scyldings'-bulwark, a boon I seek, --8··/˘····
and, Friend-of-the-folk, refuse it not,9·····˘/··
O Warriors'-shield, now I've wandered far, --10·/˘˘···/˘·
that I alone with my liegemen here,10··˘/······
this hardy band, may Heorot purge!8·/˘·····
More I hear, that the monster dire,8·····/˘·
in his wanton mood, of weapons recks not;10··/˘··/˘··
hence shall I scorn -- so Hygelac stay,9·········
king of my kindred, kind to me! --8···/˘···
brand or buckler to bear in the fight,10··/˘˘·····
gold-colored targe: but with gripe alone9·/˘····˘/
must I front the fiend and fight for life,9·········
foe against foe. Then faith be his8········
in the doom of the Lord whom death shall take.10··········
Fain, I ween, if the fight he win,8········
in this hall of gold my Geatish band9·········
will he fearless eat, -- as oft before, --9··/˘·····
my noblest thanes. Nor need'st thou then8·/˘·····
to hide my head; for his shall I be,9·········
dyed in gore, if death must take me;8········
and my blood-covered body he'll bear as prey,11···/˘/˘····
ruthless devour it, the roamer-lonely,11/˘˘/˘··/˘/˘
with my life-blood redden his lair in the fen:11····/˘·····
no further for me need'st food prepare!9·/˘····˘/
To Hygelac send, if Hild should take me,10··········
best of war-weeds, warding my breast,8····/˘··
armor excellent, heirloom of Hrethel10/˘/˘˘/····
and work of Wayland. Fares Wyrd as she must."10···/˘·····

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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