The Castle
Down the Savoy valleys sounding,Echoing round this castle old,’Mid the distant mountain-chaletsHark! what bell for church is tolled?
In the bright October morningSavoy’s Duke had left his bride.From the castle, past the drawbridge,Flowed the hunters’ merry tide.
Steeds are neighing, gallants glittering.Gay, her smiling lord to greet,From her mullioned chamber-casementSmiles the Duchess Marguerite.
From Vienna, by the Danube,Here she came, a bride, in spring.Now the autumn crisps the forest;Hunters gather, bugles ring.
Hounds are pulling, prickers swearing,Horses fret, and boar-spears glance.Off!--They sweep the marshy forests,Westward on the side of France.
Hark! the game’s on foot; they scatter!Down the forest-ridings lone,Furious, single horsemen gallop.Hark! a shout--a crash--a groan!
Pale and breathless, came the hunters--On the turf dead lies the boar.God! the duke lies stretched beside him,Senseless, weltering in his gore.
In the dull October evening,Down the leaf-strewn forest-road,To the castle, past the drawbridge,Came the hunters with their load.
In the hall, with sconces blazing,Ladies waiting round her seat,Clothed in smiles, beneath the daisSate the Duchess Marguerite.
Hark! below the gates unbarring!Tramp of men, and quick commands!“’Tis my lord come back from hunting;”And the duchess claps her hands.
Slow and tired, came the hunters;Stopped in darkness in the court.“Ho, this way, ye laggard hunters!To the hall! What sport, what sport?”
Slow they entered with their master;In the hall they laid him down.On his coat were leaves and blood-stains,On his brow an angry frown.
Dead her princely youthful husbandLay before his youthful wife,Bloody ’neath the flaring sconces--And the sight froze all her life.
In Vienna, by the Danube,Kings hold revel, gallants meet.Gay of old amid the gayestWas the Duchess Marguerite.
In Vienna, by the Danube,Feast and dance her youth beguiled.Till that hour she never sorrowed;But from then she never smiled.
’Mid the Savoy mountain-valleys,Far from town or haunt of man,Stands a lonely church, unfinished,Which the Duchess Maud began.
Old, that duchess stern began it,In gray age, with palsied hands;But she died while it was building,And the church unfinished stands,--
Stands as erst the builders left it,When she sank into her grave;Mountain greensward paves the chancel,Harebells flower in the nave.
“In my castle all is sorrow,”Said the Duchess Marguerite then:“Guide me, some one, to the mountain;We will build the church again.”
Sandalled palmers, faring homeward,Austrian knights from Syria came.“Austrian wanderers bring, O warders!Homage to your Austrian dame.”
From the gate the warders answered,--“Gone, O knights, is she you knew!Dead our duke, and gone his duchess;Seek her at the church of Brou.”
Austrian knights and march-worn palmersClimb the winding mountain-way;Reach the valley, where the fabricRises higher day by day.
Stones are sawing, hammers ringing;On the work the bright sun shines;In the Savoy mountain-meadows,By the stream, below the pines.
On her palfrey white the duchessSate, and watched her working train,--Flemish carvers, Lombard gilders,German masons, smiths from Spain.
Clad in black, on her white palfrey,Her old architect beside,--There they found her in the mountains,Morn and noon and eventide.
There she sate, and watched the builders,Till the church was roofed and done;Last of all, the builders reared herIn the nave a tomb of stone.
On the tomb two forms they sculptured,Lifelike in the marble pale,--One, the duke in helm and armor;One, the duchess in her veil.
Round the tomb the carved stone fret-workWas at Easter-tide put on.Then the duchess closed her labors;And she died at the St. John.
Words in this poem 23
- savoy n.
- A variety of the common cabbage (Brassica oleracea major), having curled leaves, -- much cultivated for winter use. [F. chou de Savoie cabbage of Savoy.]
- duke n.
- A leader; a chief; a prince. [F. duc, fr. L. dux, ducis, leader, commander, fr. ducere to lead; akin to AS. teón to draw; cf. AS. heretoga (here army) an army leader, general, G. herzog duke]
- duchess n.
- The wife or widow of a duke; also, a lady who has the sovereignty of a duchy in her own right. [F. duchesse, fr. duc duke.]
- marguerite n.
- The daisy (Bellis perennis). The name is often applied also to the ox-eye daisy and to the China aster. [F., a pearl, a daisy. See Margarite.]
- lone n.
- A lane. See Loanin.
- breathless a.
- Spent with labor or violent action; out of breath.
- sate v. t.
- To satisfy the desire or appetite of; to satiate; to glut; to surfeit. [Probably shortened fr. satiate: cf. L. satus full. See Satiate.]
- claps v. t.
- Variant of Clasp
- laggard a.
- Slow; sluggish; backward. [Lag + -ard.]
- angry a.
- Troublesome; vexatious; rigorous. [See Anger.]
- amid prep.
- In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
- sorrowed a.
- Accompanied with sorrow; sorrowful.
- maud n.
- A gray plaid; -- used by shepherds in Scotland.
- palsied a.
- Affected with palsy; paralyzed.
- greensward n.
- Turf green with grass.
- homeward a.
- Being in the direction of home; as, the homeward way.
- dame n.
- A mistress of a family, who is a lady; a womam in authority; especially, a lady. [F. dame, LL. domna, fr. L. domina mistress, lady, fem. of dominus master, ruler, lord; akin to domare to tame, subdue. See Tame, and cf. Dam mother, Dan, Danger]
- palfrey n.
- A saddle horse for the road, or for state occasions, as distinguished from a war horse. [OE. palefrai, OF. palefrei, F. palefroi, LL. palafredus, parafredus, from L. paraveredus a horse for extraordinary occasions, an extra post horse; Gr. veredus a]
- lombard a.
- Of or pertaining to Lombardy, or the inhabitants of Lombardy.
- clad v.
- To clothe. Holland.
- morn n.
- The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
- eventide n.
- The time of evening; evening. [AS. æfentid. See Tide.]
- lifelike a.
- Like a living being; resembling life; giving an accurate representation; as, a lifelike portrait. [Cf. Lively.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
The Castle is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #54985; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Matthew Arnold, The Castle, in Poems (1849–1867), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #54985, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/arnold-poems/the-castle.html, id L06942.
Form and metre
The Castle is 112 lines in 28 stanzas of 4 lines each. The metre is trochaic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 92%). 96% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 7.7 syllables. 47 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 10% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in trochaic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 -A-A sounding · oldA · chalets · tolledA
- 2 -A-A morning · brideA · drawbridge · tideA
- 3 -A-A glittering · greetA · casement · margueriteA
- 4 -A-A danube · springA · forest · ringA
- 5 -A-A swearing · glanceA · forests · franceA
- 6 -A-A scatter · loneA · gallop · groanA
- 7 -A-A hunters · boarA · him · goreA
- 8 -A-A evening · roadA · drawbridge · loadA
- 9 -A-A blazing · seatA · dais · margueriteA
- 10 ABAB unbarringA · commandsB · huntingA · handsB
- 11 ABAB huntersA · courtB · huntersA · sportB
- 12 -A-A master · downA · stains · frownA
- 13 -A-A husband · wifeA · sconces · lifeA
- 14 -A-A danube · meetA · gayest · margueriteA
- 15 -A-A danube · beguiledA · sorrowed · smiledA
- 16 -A-A valleys · manA · unfinished · beganA
- 17 -A-A it · handsA · building · standsA
- 18 -A-A it · graveA · chancel · naveA
- 19 -AAA sorrow · thenA · mountainA · againA
- 20 -A-A homeward · cameA · warders · dameA
- 21 -A-A answered · knewA · duchess · brouA
- 22 -A-A palmers · wayA · fabric · dayA
- 23 -A-A ringing · shinesA · meadows · pinesA
- 24 -A-A duchess · trainA · gilders · spainA
- 25 -A-A palfrey · besideA · mountains · eventideA
- 27 -A-A sculptured · paleA · armor · veilA
- 28 -A-A work · onA · labors · johnA
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against trochaic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Down the Savoy valleys sounding, | 8 | ··˘//˘/˘ |
| Echoing round this castle old, | 8 | /˘˘··/˘· |
| ’Mid the distant mountain-chalets | 8 | ··/˘/˘/· |
| Hark! what bell for church is tolled? | 8 | ·······˘ |
| In the bright October morning | 8 | ···˘/˘/˘ |
| Savoy’s Duke had left his bride. | 7 | ˘/····· |
| From the castle, past the drawbridge, | 8 | ··/˘··/· |
| Flowed the hunters’ merry tide. | 8 | ·˘·/˘/˘· |
| Steeds are neighing, gallants glittering. | 9 | ····/˘/˘˘ |
| Gay, her smiling lord to greet, | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| From her mullioned chamber-casement | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| Smiles the Duchess Marguerite. | 7 | ··/˘·˘/ |
| From Vienna, by the Danube, | 8 | ·˘/˘··/˘ |
| Here she came, a bride, in spring. | 7 | ······· |
| Now the autumn crisps the forest; | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Hunters gather, bugles ring. | 7 | /˘/˘/˘· |
| Hounds are pulling, prickers swearing, | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Horses fret, and boar-spears glance. | 7 | /˘····· |
| Off!--They sweep the marshy forests, | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| Westward on the side of France. | 7 | /˘····· |
| Hark! the game’s on foot; they scatter! | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Down the forest-ridings lone, | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| Furious, single horsemen gallop. | 9 | /˘˘/˘/˘/˘ |
| Hark! a shout--a crash--a groan! | 7 | ······· |
| Pale and breathless, came the hunters-- | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| On the turf dead lies the boar. | 7 | ······· |
| God! the duke lies stretched beside him, | 8 | ·····˘/· |
| Senseless, weltering in his gore. | 8 | /˘/˘˘··· |
| In the dull October evening, | 8 | ···˘/˘/˘ |
| Down the leaf-strewn forest-road, | 7 | ····/˘· |
| To the castle, past the drawbridge, | 8 | ··/˘··/· |
| Came the hunters with their load. | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| In the hall, with sconces blazing, | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| Ladies waiting round her seat, | 7 | /˘/˘··· |
| Clothed in smiles, beneath the dais | 8 | ·˘······ |
| Sate the Duchess Marguerite. | 7 | ··/˘·˘/ |
| Hark! below the gates unbarring! | 8 | ········ |
| Tramp of men, and quick commands! | 7 | ·····˘/ |
| “’Tis my lord come back from hunting;” | 8 | ······/˘ |
| And the duchess claps her hands. | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Slow and tired, came the hunters; | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Stopped in darkness in the court. | 8 | ·˘·/˘··· |
| “Ho, this way, ye laggard hunters! | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| To the hall! What sport, what sport?” | 7 | ······· |
| Slow they entered with their master; | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| In the hall they laid him down. | 7 | ······· |
| On his coat were leaves and blood-stains, | 8 | ········ |
| On his brow an angry frown. | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Dead her princely youthful husband | 8 | ··/˘/˘/˘ |
| Lay before his youthful wife, | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Bloody ’neath the flaring sconces-- | 8 | /˘··/˘/˘ |
| And the sight froze all her life. | 7 | ······· |
| In Vienna, by the Danube, | 8 | ·˘/˘··/˘ |
| Kings hold revel, gallants meet. | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| Gay of old amid the gayest | 7 | ···˘/·· |
| Was the Duchess Marguerite. | 7 | ··/˘·˘/ |
| In Vienna, by the Danube, | 8 | ·˘/˘··/˘ |
| Feast and dance her youth beguiled. | 8 | ·····˘/˘ |
| Till that hour she never sorrowed; | 9 | ··/˘·/˘/˘ |
| But from then she never smiled. | 8 | ····/˘·˘ |
| ’Mid the Savoy mountain-valleys, | 8 | ··˘//˘/˘ |
| Far from town or haunt of man, | 7 | ······· |
| Stands a lonely church, unfinished, | 8 | ··/˘·˘/˘ |
| Which the Duchess Maud began. | 7 | ··/˘·˘/ |
| Old, that duchess stern began it, | 8 | ··/˘·˘/· |
| In gray age, with palsied hands; | 7 | ····/˘· |
| But she died while it was building, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| And the church unfinished stands,-- | 8 | ···˘/˘˘· |
| Stands as erst the builders left it, | 8 | ····/˘·· |
| When she sank into her grave; | 7 | ······· |
| Mountain greensward paves the chancel, | 8 | /˘/˘··/˘ |
| Harebells flower in the nave. | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| “In my castle all is sorrow,” | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Said the Duchess Marguerite then: | 8 | ··/˘·˘/· |
| “Guide me, some one, to the mountain; | 8 | ······/˘ |
| We will build the church again.” | 7 | ·····˘/ |
| Sandalled palmers, faring homeward, | 8 | /˘/˘/˘/˘ |
| Austrian knights from Syria came. | 8 | /˘··/˘˘· |
| “Austrian wanderers bring, O warders! | 9 | /˘/˘˘··/˘ |
| Homage to your Austrian dame.” | 8 | /˘··/˘˘· |
| From the gate the warders answered,-- | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| “Gone, O knights, is she you knew! | 7 | ······· |
| Dead our duke, and gone his duchess; | 9 | ·/˘····/˘ |
| Seek her at the church of Brou.” | 7 | ······· |
| Austrian knights and march-worn palmers | 9 | /˘˘····/˘ |
| Climb the winding mountain-way; | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| Reach the valley, where the fabric | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Rises higher day by day. | 7 | /˘/˘··· |
| Stones are sawing, hammers ringing; | 8 | ··/˘/˘/˘ |
| On the work the bright sun shines; | 7 | ······· |
| In the Savoy mountain-meadows, | 8 | ··˘//˘/· |
| By the stream, below the pines. | 7 | ······· |
| On her palfrey white the duchess | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Sate, and watched her working train,-- | 8 | ···˘·/˘· |
| Flemish carvers, Lombard gilders, | 8 | /˘/˘/˘/˘ |
| German masons, smiths from Spain. | 7 | /˘/˘··· |
| Clad in black, on her white palfrey, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Her old architect beside,-- | 7 | ··/˘·˘/ |
| There they found her in the mountains, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Morn and noon and eventide. | 7 | ····/˘˘ |
| There she sate, and watched the builders, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Till the church was roofed and done; | 8 | ·····˘·· |
| Last of all, the builders reared her | 8 | ····/˘·· |
| In the nave a tomb of stone. | 7 | ······· |
| On the tomb two forms they sculptured, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Lifelike in the marble pale,-- | 7 | /···/˘· |
| One, the duke in helm and armor; | 8 | ······/˘ |
| One, the duchess in her veil. | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Round the tomb the carved stone fret-work | 8 | ········ |
| Was at Easter-tide put on. | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Then the duchess closed her labors; | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| And she died at the St. John. | 7 | ······· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.