Mycerinus

Matthew Arnold (1822–1888) · 1849–1867

iambic pentameter · ABABCC · 127 lines · from Poems

“Not by the justice that my father spurned,Not for the thousands whom my father slew,Altars unfed and temples overturned,Cold hearts and thankless tongues, where thanks are due;Fell this dread voice from lips that cannot lie,Stern sentence of the Powers of Destiny.

“I will unfold my sentence and my crime.My crime,--that, rapt in reverential awe,I sate obedient, in the fiery primeOf youth, self-governed, at the feet of Law;Ennobling this dull pomp, the life of kings,By contemplation of diviner things.

“My father loved injustice, and lived long;Crowned with gray hairs he died, and full of sway.I loved the good he scorned, and hated wrong--The gods declare my recompense to-day.I looked for life more lasting, rule more high;And when six years are measured, lo, I die!

“Yet surely, O my people, did I deemMan’s justice from the all-just gods was given;A light that from some upper fount did beam,Some better archetype, whose seat was heaven;A light that, shining from the blest abodes,Did shadow somewhat of the life of gods.

“Mere phantoms of man’s self-tormenting heart,Which on the sweets that woo it dares not feed!Vain dreams, which quench our pleasures, then depart,When the duped soul, self-mastered, claims its meed;When, on the strenuous just man, Heaven bestows,Crown of his struggling life, an unjust close!

“Seems it so light a thing, then, austere powers,To spurn man’s common lure, life’s pleasant things?Seems there no joy in dances crowned with flowers,Love free to range, and regal banquetings?Bend ye on these indeed an unmoved eye,Not gods, but ghosts, in frozen apathy?

“Or is it that some force, too stern, too strong,Even for yourselves to conquer or beguile,Bears earth and heaven and men and gods along,Like the broad volume of the insurgent Nile?And the great powers we serve, themselves may beSlaves of a tyrannous necessity?

“Or in mid-heaven, perhaps, your golden cars,Where earthly voice climbs never, wing their flight,And in wild hunt, through mazy tracts of stars,Sweep in the sounding stillness of the night?Or in deaf ease, on thrones of dazzling sheen,Drinking deep draughts of joy, ye dwell serene?

“Oh, wherefore cheat our youth, if thus it be,Of one short joy, one lust, one pleasant dream?Stringing vain words of powers we cannot see,Blind divinations of a will supreme;Lost labor! when the circumambient gloomBut hides, if gods, gods careless of our doom?

“The rest I give to joy. Even while I speak,My sand runs short; and as yon star-shot ray,Hemmed by two banks of cloud, peers pale and weak,Now, as the barrier closes, dies away,--Even so do past and future intertwine,Blotting this six years’ space, which yet is mine.

“Six years,--six little years,--six drops of time!Yet suns shall rise, and many moons shall wane,And old men die, and young men pass their prime,And languid pleasure fade and flower again,And the dull gods behold, ere these are flown,Revels more deep, joy keener than their own.

“Into the silence of the groves and woodsI will go forth; though something would I say,--Something,--yet what, I know not: for the godsThe doom they pass revoke not nor delay;And prayers and gifts and tears are fruitless all,And the night waxes, and the shadows fall.

“Ye men of Egypt, ye have heard your king!I go, and I return not. But the willOf the great gods is plain; and ye must bringIll deeds, ill passions, zealous to fulfilTheir pleasure, to their feet; and reap their praise,--The praise of gods, rich boon! and length of days.”

--So spake he, half in anger, half in scorn;And one loud cry of grief and of amazeBroke from his sorrowing people; so he spake,And turning, left them there: and with brief pause,Girt with a throng of revellers, bent his wayTo the cool region of the groves he loved.There by the river-banks he wandered on,From palm-grove on to palm-grove, happy trees,Their smooth tops shining sunward, and beneathBurying their unsunned stems in grass and flowers;Where in one dream the feverish time of youthMight fade in slumber, and the feet of joyMight wander all day long and never tire.Here came the king, holding high feast, at morn,Rose-crowned; and ever, when the sun went down,A hundred lamps beamed in the tranquil gloom,From tree to tree all through the twinkling grove,Revealing all the tumult of the feast,--Flushed guests, and golden goblets foamed with wine;While the deep-burnished foliage overheadSplintered the silver arrows of the moon.It may be that sometimes his wondering soulFrom the loud joyful laughter of his lipsMight shrink half startled, like a guilty manWho wrestles with his dream; as some pale shape,Gliding half hidden through the dusky stems,Would thrust a hand before the lifted bowl,Whispering, A little space, and thou art mine!It may be, on that joyless feast his eyeDwelt with mere outward seeming; he, within,Took measure of his soul, and knew its strength,And by that silent knowledge, day by day,Was calmed, ennobled, comforted, sustained.It may be; but not less his brow was smooth,And his clear laugh fled ringing through the gloom,And his mirth quailed not at the mild reproofSighed out by winter’s sad tranquillity;Nor, palled with its own fulness, ebbed and diedIn the rich languor of long summer-days;Nor withered when the palm-tree plumes, that roofedWith their mild dark his grassy banquet-hall,Bent to the cold winds of the showerless spring;No, nor grew dark when autumn brought the clouds.So six long years he revelled, night and day.And when the mirth waxed loudest, with dull soundSometimes from the grove’s centre echoes came,To tell his wondering people of their king;In the still night, across the steaming flats,Mixed with the murmur of the moving Nile.

Words in this poem 35
thankless a.
Not acknowledging favors; not expressing thankfulness; unthankful; ungrateful.
rapt n.
An ecstasy; a trance. Bp. Morton. [From F. rapt abduction, rape, L. raptus, fr. rapere to seize and carry off, to transport; or fr. E. rapt, a. See Rapt, a., and Rapid.]
sate v. t.
To satisfy the desire or appetite of; to satiate; to glut; to surfeit. [Probably shortened fr. satiate: cf. L. satus full. See Satiate.]
deem v. t.
To decide; to judge; to sentence; to condemn. [OE. demen to judge, condemn, AS. d, fr. d doom; akin to OFries. d, OS. ad, D. doemen, OHG. tuommen, Icel. dæma, Sw. dömma, Dan. dömme, Goth. d. See Doom, n., an]
depart v. i.
To part; to divide; to separate. [OE. departen to divide, part, depart, F. départir to divide, distribute, se départir to separate one's self, depart; pref. dé- (L. de) + partir to part, depart,]
meed v. t.
To reward; to repay. Waytt.
strenuous a.
Eagerly pressing or urgent; zealous; ardent; earnest; bold; valiant; intrepid; as, a strenuous advocate for national rights; a strenuous reformer; a strenuous defender of his country.
spurn v. t.
To drive back or away, as with the foot; to kick. [OE. spurnen to kick against, to stumble over, AS. spurnan to kick, offend; akin to spura spur, OS. & OHG. spurnan to kick, Icel. spyrna, L. spernere to despise,]
unmoved a.
Not moved; fixed; firm; unshaken; calm; apathetic.
insurgent a.
Rising in opposition to civil or political authority, or against an established government; insubordinate; rebellious. [L. insurgens, p. pr. of insurgere to rise up; pref. in- in + surgere to rise. See Surge.]
tyrannous a.
Tyrannical; arbitrary; unjustly severe; despotic. Sir P.
stillness n.
The quality or state of being still; quietness; silence; calmness; inactivity.
sheen v. i.
To shine; to glisten.
dwell v. i.
To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
wherefore adv.
For which reason; so; -- used relatively. [Where + for.]
lust v. i.
To list; to like. [AS. lystan. See Lust, n., and cf. List to choose.]
circumambient a.
Surrounding; inclosing or being on all sides; encompassing. [Pref. circum- + ambient.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
flown a.
Flushed, inflated.
keener n.
A professional mourner who wails at a funeral. [Ireland]
fruitless a.
Lacking, or not bearing, fruit; barren; destitute of offspring; as, a fruitless tree or shrub; a fruitless marriage.
reap n.
A bundle of grain; a handful of grain laid down by the reaper as it is cut. Wright. [Cf. AS. rip harvest. See Reap, v.]
boon n.
A prayer or petition. [OE. bone, boin, a petition, fr. Icel. b; akin to Sw. & Dan. b, AS. b, and perh. to E. ban; but influenced by F. bon good, fr. L. bonus. Ban, Bounty.]
amaze v. t.
To bewilder; to stupefy; to bring into a maze. [Pref. a- + maze.]
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
girt v. t.
To gird; to encircle; to invest by means of a girdle; to measure the girth of; as, to girt a tree. [From Girt, n., cf. Girth, v.]
sunward adv.
Toward the sun.
morn n.
The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
beamed a.
Furnished with beams, as the head of a stag.
twinkling n.
The act of one who, or of that which, twinkles; a quick movement of the eye; a wink; a twinkle. Holland.
joyless a.
Not having joy; not causing joy; unenjoyable.
reproof n.
Refutation; confutation; contradiction. [OE. reproef. See Proof, Reprove.]
showerless a.
Rainless; freo from showers.
centre v. i.
To be placed in a center; to be central.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Mycerinus is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #54985; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Matthew Arnold, Mycerinus, in Poems (1849–1867), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #54985, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/arnold-poems/mycerinus.html, id L06941.

Form and metre

Mycerinus is 127 lines in 14 stanzas. The rhyme scheme is ABABCC, complete in 7 of its 14 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 85%). 94% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.9 syllables. 4 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 18% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABAB-- spurnedA · slewB · overturnedA · dueB · lie · destiny
  2. 2 ABABCC crimeA · aweB · primeA · lawB · kingsC · thingsC
  3. 3 ABABCC longA · swayB · wrongA · dayB · highC · dieC
  4. 4 A-A--- deemA · given · beamA · heaven · abodes · gods
  5. 5 ABABCC heartA · feedB · departA · meedB · bestowsC · closeC
  6. 6 ABAB-- powersA · thingsB · flowersA · banquetingsB · eye · apathy
  7. 7 ABAB-- strongA · beguileB · alongA · nileB · be · necessity
  8. 8 ABABCC carsA · flightB · starsA · nightB · sheenC · sereneC
  9. 9 ABABCC beA · dreamB · seeA · supremeB · gloomC · doomC
  10. 10 ABABCC speakA · rayB · weakA · awayB · intertwineC · mineC
  11. 11 ABABCC timeA · waneB · primeA · againB · flownC · ownC
  12. 12 -A-ABB woods · sayA · gods · delayA · allB · fallB
  13. 13 A-A-BB kingA · will · bringA · fulfil · praiseB · daysB
  14. 14 -------A-A--------------------------------------- scorn · amaze · spake · pause · way · loved · on · treesA · beneath · flowersA · youth · joy · tire · morn · down · gloom · grove · feast · wine · overhead · moon · soul · lips · man · shape · stems · bowl · mine · eye · within · strength · day · sustained · smooth · gloom · reproof · tranquillity · died · days · roofed · hall · spring · clouds · day · sound · came · king · flats · nile
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
“Not by the justice that my father spurned,10···/˘··/˘·
Not for the thousands whom my father slew,10···/˘··/˘·
Altars unfed and temples overturned,9/˘··/˘/˘·
Cold hearts and thankless tongues, where thanks are due;10···/˘·····
Fell this dread voice from lips that cannot lie,10·······/˘·
Stern sentence of the Powers of Destiny.9·/˘··/·/˘
“I will unfold my sentence and my crime.10··˘/·/˘···
My crime,--that, rapt in reverential awe,10······˘/˘·
I sate obedient, in the fiery prime10··˘/˘··/˘·
Of youth, self-governed, at the feet of Law;10···/˘·····
Ennobling this dull pomp, the life of kings,10˘/˘·······
By contemplation of diviner things.10··˘/˘·˘/˘·
“My father loved injustice, and lived long;10·/˘·˘/˘···
Crowned with gray hairs he died, and full of sway.10··········
I loved the good he scorned, and hated wrong--10·······/˘·
The gods declare my recompense to-day.10··˘/·/˘···
I looked for life more lasting, rule more high;10·····/˘···
And when six years are measured, lo, I die!10·····/˘···
“Yet surely, O my people, did I deem10·/˘··/˘···
Man’s justice from the all-just gods was given;10·/˘······/
A light that from some upper fount did beam,10·····/˘···
Some better archetype, whose seat was heaven;10·/˘/˘····/
A light that, shining from the blest abodes,10···/˘···˘/
Did shadow somewhat of the life of gods.10·/·//·····
“Mere phantoms of man’s self-tormenting heart,10·/˘···/·˘·
Which on the sweets that woo it dares not feed!10··········
Vain dreams, which quench our pleasures, then depart,10····//˘·˘/
When the duped soul, self-mastered, claims its meed;10·····/˘···
When, on the strenuous just man, Heaven bestows,10···/˘··/˘/
Crown of his struggling life, an unjust close!10···/˘··˘/·
“Seems it so light a thing, then, austere powers,10·······˘//
To spurn man’s common lure, life’s pleasant things?10···/˘··/˘·
Seems there no joy in dances crowned with flowers,10·····/˘··/
Love free to range, and regal banquetings?10·····/˘···
Bend ye on these indeed an unmoved eye,10····˘/·˘/·
Not gods, but ghosts, in frozen apathy?9·····/˘/˘
“Or is it that some force, too stern, too strong,10··········
Even for yourselves to conquer or beguile,10/·˘/·/˘·˘/
Bears earth and heaven and men and gods along,10···/····˘/
Like the broad volume of the insurgent Nile?11···/˘··˘/˘·
And the great powers we serve, themselves may be10···/··˘/··
Slaves of a tyrannous necessity?9···/˘˘˘/˘
“Or in mid-heaven, perhaps, your golden cars,10···/˘/·/˘·
Where earthly voice climbs never, wing their flight,9·/˘··/···
And in wild hunt, through mazy tracts of stars,10·····/˘···
Sweep in the sounding stillness of the night?10···/˘/˘···
Or in deaf ease, on thrones of dazzling sheen,10·······/˘·
Drinking deep draughts of joy, ye dwell serene?10/˘······˘/
“Oh, wherefore cheat our youth, if thus it be,10·/˘·/·····
Of one short joy, one lust, one pleasant dream?10·······/˘·
Stringing vain words of powers we cannot see,10/˘···/·˘/·
Blind divinations of a will supreme;10··˘/˘···˘/
Lost labor! when the circumambient gloom10·/˘·······
But hides, if gods, gods careless of our doom?10·····/˘·/·
“The rest I give to joy. Even while I speak,10······/···
My sand runs short; and as yon star-shot ray,10··········
Hemmed by two banks of cloud, peers pale and weak,10··········
Now, as the barrier closes, dies away,--10···/˘/˘·˘/
Even so do past and future intertwine,9/····/˘˘/
Blotting this six years’ space, which yet is mine.10/˘········
“Six years,--six little years,--six drops of time!10···/˘·····
Yet suns shall rise, and many moons shall wane,9·····/···
And old men die, and young men pass their prime,10··········
And languid pleasure fade and flower again,10·/˘/˘··/˘/
And the dull gods behold, ere these are flown,10····˘/····
Revels more deep, joy keener than their own.10/˘···/˘···
“Into the silence of the groves and woods10···/˘·····
I will go forth; though something would I say,--10·····/˘···
Something,--yet what, I know not: for the gods10/˘········
The doom they pass revoke not nor delay;10····˘/··˘/
And prayers and gifts and tears are fruitless all,10·······/˘·
And the night waxes, and the shadows fall.10···/˘··/··
“Ye men of Egypt, ye have heard your king!10···/˘·····
I go, and I return not. But the will10····˘/····
Of the great gods is plain; and ye must bring10··········
Ill deeds, ill passions, zealous to fulfil10···/˘/˘···
Their pleasure, to their feet; and reap their praise,--10·/˘·······
The praise of gods, rich boon! and length of days.”10··········
--So spake he, half in anger, half in scorn;10·····/˘···
And one loud cry of grief and of amaze10········˘/
Broke from his sorrowing people; so he spake,10···/˘/˘···
And turning, left them there: and with brief pause,10·/˘·······
Girt with a throng of revellers, bent his way10·····/˘···
To the cool region of the groves he loved.10···/˘·····
There by the river-banks he wandered on,10···/˘··/˘·
From palm-grove on to palm-grove, happy trees,10·······/˘·
Their smooth tops shining sunward, and beneath10···/˘/˘···
Burying their unsunned stems in grass and flowers;10/˘·······/
Where in one dream the feverish time of youth10·····/˘···
Might fade in slumber, and the feet of joy10···/˘·····
Might wander all day long and never tire.9·/˘····//
Here came the king, holding high feast, at morn,10····/˘····
Rose-crowned; and ever, when the sun went down,9···/·····
A hundred lamps beamed in the tranquil gloom,10·/˘····/˘·
From tree to tree all through the twinkling grove,10·······/˘·
Revealing all the tumult of the feast,--10˘/˘··/˘···
Flushed guests, and golden goblets foamed with wine;10···/˘/˘···
While the deep-burnished foliage overhead10···/˘/˘/˘/
Splintered the silver arrows of the moon.10/˘·/˘/˘···
It may be that sometimes his wondering soul10····˘/·/˘·
From the loud joyful laughter of his lips10···/˘/˘···
Might shrink half startled, like a guilty man10···/˘··/˘·
Who wrestles with his dream; as some pale shape,10·/˘·······
Gliding half hidden through the dusky stems,10/˘·/˘··/˘·
Would thrust a hand before the lifted bowl,10·······/˘·
Whispering, A little space, and thou art mine!10/˘·/˘·····
It may be, on that joyless feast his eye10·····/˘···
Dwelt with mere outward seeming; he, within,9···//˘···
Took measure of his soul, and knew its strength,10·/˘·······
And by that silent knowledge, day by day,10···/˘/˘···
Was calmed, ennobled, comforted, sustained.9··˘/˘/˘˘/
It may be; but not less his brow was smooth,10··········
And his clear laugh fled ringing through the gloom,10·····/˘···
And his mirth quailed not at the mild reproof10········˘/
Sighed out by winter’s sad tranquillity;10···/˘·˘/˘˘
Nor, palled with its own fulness, ebbed and died11·····/˘/˘··
In the rich languor of long summer-days;10···/˘··/˘·
Nor withered when the palm-tree plumes, that roofed10·/˘·······
With their mild dark his grassy banquet-hall,10·····/˘/˘·
Bent to the cold winds of the showerless spring;11·······/˘˘·
No, nor grew dark when autumn brought the clouds.10·····/˘···
So six long years he revelled, night and day.10·····˘/···
And when the mirth waxed loudest, with dull sound10·····/˘···
Sometimes from the grove’s centre echoes came,10˘/···/˘/˘·
To tell his wondering people of their king;10···/˘/˘···
In the still night, across the steaming flats,10····˘/·/˘·
Mixed with the murmur of the moving Nile.10···/˘··/˘·

On this poem

“After Chephren, Mycerinus, son of Cheops, reigned over Egypt. He abhorred his father’s courses, and judged his subjects more justly than any of their kings had done. To him there came an oracle from the city of Buto, to the effect that he was to live but six years longer, and to die in the seventh year from that time.”--HERODOTUS.

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