April, 1850

Matthew Arnold (1822–1888) · 1849–1867

iambic tetrameter · octosyllabic couplets · 74 lines · from Poems

Goethe in Weimar sleeps; and Greece,Long since, saw Byron’s struggle cease.But one such death remained to come:The last poetic voice is dumb,--We stand to-day by Wordsworth’s tomb.

When Byron’s eyes were shut in death,We bowed our head, and held our breath.He taught us little, but our soulHad felt him like the thunder’s roll.With shivering heart the strife we sawOf passion with eternal law;And yet with reverential aweWe watched the fount of fiery lifeWhich served for that Titanic strife.

When Goethe’s death was told, we said,--Sunk, then, is Europe’s sagest head.Physician of the iron age,Goethe has done his pilgrimage.He took the suffering human race,He read each wound, each weakness clear;And struck his finger on the place,And said, Thou ailest here, and here!He looked on Europe’s dying hourOf fitful dream and feverish power;His eye plunged down the weltering strife,The turmoil of expiring life:He said, The end is everywhere,Art still has truth, take refuge there!And he was happy, if to knowCauses of things, and far belowHis feet to see the lurid flowOf terror, and insane distress,And headlong fate, be happiness.

And Wordsworth! Ah, pale ghosts, rejoice!For never has such soothing voiceBeen to your shadowy world conveyed,Since erst, at morn, some wandering shadeHeard the clear song of Orpheus comeThrough Hades and the mournful gloom.Wordsworth has gone from us; and ye,Ah, may ye feel his voice as we!He too upon a wintry climeHad fallen,--on this iron timeOf doubts, disputes, distractions, fears.He found us when the age had boundOur souls in its benumbing round;He spoke, and loosed our heart in tears.He laid us as we lay at birthOn the cool flowery lap of earth:Smiles broke from us, and we had ease;The hills were round us, and the breezeWent o’er the sunlit fields again;Our foreheads felt the wind and rain.Our youth returned; for there was shedOn spirits that had long been dead,Spirits dried up and closely furled,The freshness of the early world.

Ah! since dark days still bring to lightMan’s prudence and man’s fiery might,Time may restore us in his courseGoethe’s sage mind and Byron’s force;But where will Europe’s latter hourAgain find Wordsworth’s healing power?Others will teach us how to dare,And against fear our breast to steel:Others will strengthen us to bear--But who, ah! who will make us feel?The cloud of mortal destiny,Others will front it fearlessly;But who, like him, will put it by?Keep fresh the grass upon his grave,O Rotha, with thy living wave!Sing him thy best! for few or noneHear thy voice right, now he is gone.

Words in this poem

strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
pilgrimage n.
The journey of a pilgrim; a long journey; especially, a journey to a shrine or other sacred place. Fig., the journey of human life. [OE. pilgrimage, pelgrinage; cf. F. pèlerinage.]
fitful a.
Full of fits; irregularly variable; impulsive and unstable. [From 7th Fit.]
turmoil v. t.
To harass with commotion; to disquiet; to worry.
expiring a.
Breathing out air from the lungs; emitting fluid or volatile matter; exhaling; breathing the last breath; dying; ending; terminating.
lurid a.
Pale yellow; ghastly pale; wan; gloomy; dismal. [L. luridus.]
morn n.
The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
orpheus n.
The famous mythic Thracian poet, son of the Muse Calliope, and husband of Eurydice. He is reputed to have had power to entrance beasts and inanimate objects by the music of his lyre.
wintry a.
Suitable to winter; resembling winter, or what belongs to winter; brumal; hyemal; cold; stormy; wintery. [AS. wintrig.]
clime n.
A climate; a tract or region of the earth. See Climate. [L. clima. See Climate.]
spoke n.
The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, spaca; akin to D. speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. sq. root170. Cf. Spike a nail.]
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
sunlit a.
Lighted by the sun.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

April, 1850 is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #54985; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Matthew Arnold, April, 1850, in Poems (1849–1867), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #54985, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/arnold-poems/april-1850.html, id L07060.

Form and metre

April, 1850 is 74 lines in 5 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 62% of the lines: octosyllabic couplets. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 89%). 96% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.0 syllables. 6 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 28% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in octosyllabic couplets, other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABB- greeceA · ceaseA · comeB · dumbB · tomb
  2. 2 AABBCCCDD deathA · breathA · soulB · rollB · sawC · lawC · aweC · lifeD · strifeD
  3. 3 AABBCDCDEEFFGGHHHII saidA · headA · ageB · pilgrimageB · raceC · clearD · placeC · hereD · hourE · powerE · strifeF · lifeF · everywhereG · thereG · knowH · belowH · flowH · distressI · happinessI
  4. 4 AABB--CCDDEFFEGGHHIIJJKK rejoiceA · voiceA · conveyedB · shadeB · come · gloom · yeC · weC · climeD · timeD · fearsE · boundF · roundF · tearsE · birthG · earthG · easeH · breezeH · againI · rainI · shedJ · deadJ · furledK · worldK
  5. 5 AABBCCDEDE---FF-- lightA · mightA · courseB · forceB · hourC · powerC · dareD · steelE · bearD · feelE · destiny · fearlessly · by · graveF · waveF · none · gone
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Goethe in Weimar sleeps; and Greece,7··/˘···
Long since, saw Byron’s struggle cease.8···/˘/˘·
But one such death remained to come:8····˘/··
The last poetic voice is dumb,--8··˘/˘···
We stand to-day by Wordsworth’s tomb.8·····/˘·
When Byron’s eyes were shut in death,8·/˘·····
We bowed our head, and held our breath.8··/···/·
He taught us little, but our soul8···/˘·/·
Had felt him like the thunder’s roll.8·····/˘·
With shivering heart the strife we saw8·/˘·····
Of passion with eternal law;8·/˘·˘/˘·
And yet with reverential awe8····˘/˘·
We watched the fount of fiery life8·····/˘·
Which served for that Titanic strife.8····˘/˘·
When Goethe’s death was told, we said,--7·······
Sunk, then, is Europe’s sagest head.8···/˘···
Physician of the iron age,8˘/˘··/˘·
Goethe has done his pilgrimage.7····/˘˘
He took the suffering human race,8···/˘/˘·
He read each wound, each weakness clear;8·····/˘·
And struck his finger on the place,8···/˘···
And said, Thou ailest here, and here!8········
He looked on Europe’s dying hour9···/˘/˘/˘
Of fitful dream and feverish power;8·/˘··/˘/
His eye plunged down the weltering strife,8·····/˘·
The turmoil of expiring life:8·/··˘/˘·
He said, The end is everywhere,8·····/˘·
Art still has truth, take refuge there!8·····/˘·
And he was happy, if to know8···/˘···
Causes of things, and far below8/˘······
His feet to see the lurid flow8·····/˘·
Of terror, and insane distress,8·/˘·˘/˘/
And headlong fate, be happiness.8·/···/˘˘
And Wordsworth! Ah, pale ghosts, rejoice!8·/˘···˘/
For never has such soothing voice8·/˘··/˘·
Been to your shadowy world conveyed,8···/˘·˘/
Since erst, at morn, some wandering shade8·····/˘·
Heard the clear song of Orpheus come8·····/˘·
Through Hades and the mournful gloom.8·/˘··/˘·
Wordsworth has gone from us; and ye,8/˘······
Ah, may ye feel his voice as we!8········
He too upon a wintry clime8·····/˘·
Had fallen,--on this iron time8·/˘··/˘·
Of doubts, disputes, distractions, fears.8··˘/˘/˘·
He found us when the age had bound8········
Our souls in its benumbing round;8/·······
He spoke, and loosed our heart in tears.8····/···
He laid us as we lay at birth8········
On the cool flowery lap of earth:8···/˘···
Smiles broke from us, and we had ease;8········
The hills were round us, and the breeze8········
Went o’er the sunlit fields again;8···/··˘/
Our foreheads felt the wind and rain.8//······
Our youth returned; for there was shed8/·˘/····
On spirits that had long been dead,8·/˘·····
Spirits dried up and closely furled,8/˘···/˘·
The freshness of the early world.8·/˘··/˘·
Ah! since dark days still bring to light8········
Man’s prudence and man’s fiery might,8·/˘··/˘·
Time may restore us in his course8··˘/····
Goethe’s sage mind and Byron’s force;7····/˘·
But where will Europe’s latter hour9···/˘/˘/˘
Again find Wordsworth’s healing power?9˘/·/˘/˘/˘
Others will teach us how to dare,8/˘······
And against fear our breast to steel:8····/···
Others will strengthen us to bear--8/˘·/˘···
But who, ah! who will make us feel?8········
The cloud of mortal destiny,8···/˘/˘˘
Others will front it fearlessly;8/˘······
But who, like him, will put it by?8········
Keep fresh the grass upon his grave,8········
O Rotha, with thy living wave!8·····/˘·
Sing him thy best! for few or none8········
Hear thy voice right, now he is gone.8········

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