On the Winter-Solstice. 1740
The radiant ruler of the yearAt length his wintry goal attains;Soon to reverse the long career,And northward bend his steady reins.Now, piercing half Potosi's height,Prone rush the fiery floods of lightRipening the mountain's silver stores:While, in some cavern's horrid shade,The panting Indian hides his head,And oft the approach of eve implores.
But lo, on this deserted coast,How pale the sun! how thick the air!Mustering his storms, a sordid host,Lo, Winter desolates the year.The fields resign their latest bloom;No more the breezes waft perfume,No more the streams in music roll:But snows fall dark, or rains resound;And, while great Nature mourns around,Her griefs infect the human soul.
Hence the loud city's busy throngsUrge the warm bowl and splendid fire:Harmonious dances, festive songs,Against the spiteful heaven conspire.Meantime, perhaps, with tender fearsSome village dame the curfew hears,While round the hearth her children play:At morn their father went abroad;The moon is sunk, and deep the road;She sighs, and vonders at his stay.
But thou, my lyre, awake, arise,And hail the sun's returning force:Even now he climbs the northern skies,And health and hope attend his course.Then louder howl the aerial waste,Be earth with keener cold embraced,Yet gentle hours advance their wing;And Fancy, mocking Winter's might,With flowers and dews and streaming lightAlready decks the new-born Spring.
O fountain of the golden day,Could mortal vows promote thy speed,How soon before thy vernal rayShould each unkindly damp recede!How soon each hovering tempest fly,Whose stores for mischief arm the sky,Prompt on our heads to burst amain,To rend the forest from the steep,Or, thundering o'er the Baltic deep,To whelm the merchant's hopes of gain!
But let not man's unequal viewsPresume o'er Nature and her laws:'Tis his with grateful joy to useThe indulgence of the Sovereign Cause;Secure that health and beauty springsThrough this majestic frame of things,Beyond what he can reach to know;And that Heaven's all-subduing will,With good, the progeny of ill,Attempereth every state below.
How pleasing wears the wintry night,Spent with the old illustrious dead!While, by the taper's trembling light,I seem those awful scenes to treadWhere chiefs or legislators lie,Whose triumphs move before my eye,In arms and antique pomp array'd;While now I taste the Ionian song,Now bend to Plato's godlike tongueResounding through the olive shade.
But should some cheerful, equal friendBid leave the studious page a while.Let mirth on wisdom then attend,And social ease on learned toil.Then while, at love's uncareful shrine,Each dictates to the god of wineHer name whom all his hopes obey,What flattering dreams each bosom warm,While absence, heightening every charm,Invokes the slow-returning May!
May, thou delight of heaven and earth,When will thy genial star arise?The auspicious morn, which gives thee birth,Shall bring Eudora to my eyes.Within her sylvan haunt, behold,As in the happy garden old,She moves like that primeval fair:Thither, ye silver-sounding lyres,Ye tender smiles, ye chaste desires,Fond hope and mutual faith, repair.
And if believing love can readHis better omens in her eye,Then shall my fears, O charming maid,And every pain of absence die:Then shall my jocund harp, attunedTo thy true ear, with sweeter soundPursue the free Horatian song:Old Tyne shall listen to my tale,And Echo, down the bordering vale,The liquid melody prolong.
Words in this poem 23
- wintry a.
- Suitable to winter; resembling winter, or what belongs to winter; brumal; hyemal; cold; stormy; wintery. [AS. wintrig.]
- career n.
- A race course: the ground run over. [F. carrière race course, high road, street, fr. L. carrus wagon. See Car.]
- northward a.
- Toward the north; nearer to the north than to the east or west point. [AS. noredhweard.]
- horrid a.
- Rough; rugged; bristling. [L. horridus. See Horror, and cf. Ordure.]
- sordid a.
- Filthy; foul; dirty. [L. sordidus, fr. sordere to be filthy or dirty; probably akin to E. swart: cf. F. sordide. See Swart, a.]
- waft v. t.
- To give notice to by waving something; to wave the hand to; to beckon. [Prob. originally imp. & p. p. of wave, v. t. See Wave to waver.]
- dame n.
- A mistress of a family, who is a lady; a womam in authority; especially, a lady. [F. dame, LL. domna, fr. L. domina mistress, lady, fem. of dominus master, ruler, lord; akin to domare to tame, subdue. See Tame, and cf. Dam mother, Dan, Danger]
- curfew n.
- The ringing of an evening bell, originally a signal to the inhabitants to cover fires, extinguish lights, and retire to rest, -- instituted by William the Conqueror; also, the bell itself. [OE. courfew, curfu, fr. OF. cuevrefu, covrefeu, F. couvre-feu; covrir to cover + feu fire, fr. L. focus fireplace, hearth. See Cover, and Focus.]
- morn n.
- The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
- went n.
- Course; way; path; journey; direction.
- keener n.
- A professional mourner who wails at a funeral. [Ireland]
- streaming a.
- Sending forth streams.
- unkindly a.
- Not kindly; unkind; ungracious.
- amain adv.
- With might; with full force; vigorously; violently; exceedingly. [Pref. a- + main. See 2d Main, n.]
- thundering a.
- Emitting thunder.
- whelm v. t.
- To cover with water or other fluid; to cover by immersion in something that envelops on all sides; to overwhelm; to ingulf.
- presume v. t.
- To assume or take beforehand; esp., to do or undertake without leave or authority previously obtained. [F. présumer, L. praesumere, praesumptum; prae before + sumere to take. See Assume, Redeem.]
- ionian a.
- Of or pertaining to Ionia or the Ionians; Ionic. [L. Ionius. See Ionic.]
- genial a.
- Contributing to, or concerned in, propagation or production; generative; procreative; productive. [L. genialis: cf. OF. genial. See Genius.]
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- jocund
- Merry; cheerful; gay; airy; lively; sportive. [L. jocundus, jucundus, orig., helpful, fr. juvare to help. See Aid.]
- horatian a.
- Of or pertaining to Horace, the Latin poet, or resembling his style.
- vale n.
- A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. [OE. val, F. val, L. vallis; perhaps akin to Gr. Avalanche, Vail to lower, Valley.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
On the Winter-Solstice. 1740 is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poetical Works of Mark Akenside, Project Gutenberg ebook #9814; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Mark Akenside, On the Winter-Solstice. 1740, in The Poetical Works of Mark Akenside (1744), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #9814, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/akenside-poems/on-the-winter-solstice-1740.html, id L09498.
Form and metre
On the Winter-Solstice. 1740 is 100 lines in 10 stanzas of 10 lines each. Every stanza rhymes ABABCCDEED. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 91%). 91% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.4 syllables. 5 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 16% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in iambic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 ABABCCDEED yearA · attainsB · careerA · reinsB · heightC · lightC · storesD · shadeE · headE · imploresD
- 2 ABABCCDEED coastA · airB · hostA · yearB · bloomC · perfumeC · rollD · resoundE · aroundE · soulD
- 3 ABABCCDEED throngsA · fireB · songsA · conspireB · fearsC · hearsC · playD · abroadE · roadE · stayD
- 4 ABABCCDEED ariseA · forceB · skiesA · courseB · wasteC · embracedC · wingD · mightE · lightE · springD
- 5 ABABCCDEED dayA · speedB · rayA · recedeB · flyC · skyC · amainD · steepE · deepE · gainD
- 6 ABABCCDEED viewsA · lawsB · useA · causeB · springsC · thingsC · knowD · willE · illE · belowD
- 7 ABABCCDEED nightA · deadB · lightA · treadB · lieC · eyeC · array'dD · songE · tongueE · shadeD
- 8 ABABCCDEED friendA · whileB · attendA · toilB · shrineC · wineC · obeyD · warmE · charmE · mayD
- 9 ABABCCDEED earthA · ariseB · birthA · eyesB · beholdC · oldC · fairD · lyresE · desiresE · repairD
- 10 ABABCCDEED readA · eyeB · maidA · dieB · attunedC · soundC · songD · taleE · valeE · prolongD
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| The radiant ruler of the year | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| At length his wintry goal attains; | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| Soon to reverse the long career, | 8 | ··˘/··˘/ |
| And northward bend his steady reins. | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Now, piercing half Potosi's height, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Prone rush the fiery floods of light | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Ripening the mountain's silver stores: | 8 | /˘·/˘/˘· |
| While, in some cavern's horrid shade, | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| The panting Indian hides his head, | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| And oft the approach of eve implores. | 9 | ···˘/··˘/ |
| But lo, on this deserted coast, | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| How pale the sun! how thick the air! | 8 | ········ |
| Mustering his storms, a sordid host, | 8 | /˘···/˘· |
| Lo, Winter desolates the year. | 8 | ·/˘/˘˘·· |
| The fields resign their latest bloom; | 8 | ··˘/·/˘· |
| No more the breezes waft perfume, | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| No more the streams in music roll: | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| But snows fall dark, or rains resound; | 8 | ·······/ |
| And, while great Nature mourns around, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Her griefs infect the human soul. | 8 | ··˘/·/˘· |
| Hence the loud city's busy throngs | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| Urge the warm bowl and splendid fire: | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| Harmonious dances, festive songs, | 8 | ˘/˘/˘/˘· |
| Against the spiteful heaven conspire. | 9 | ···/˘/˘/˘ |
| Meantime, perhaps, with tender fears | 8 | /·˘/·/˘· |
| Some village dame the curfew hears, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| While round the hearth her children play: | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| At morn their father went abroad; | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| The moon is sunk, and deep the road; | 8 | ········ |
| She sighs, and vonders at his stay. | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| But thou, my lyre, awake, arise, | 8 | ····˘/˘/ |
| And hail the sun's returning force: | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| Even now he climbs the northern skies, | 8 | /····/˘· |
| And health and hope attend his course. | 8 | ····˘/·· |
| Then louder howl the aerial waste, | 8 | ·/··/˘˘· |
| Be earth with keener cold embraced, | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| Yet gentle hours advance their wing; | 8 | ·/˘/˘/·· |
| And Fancy, mocking Winter's might, | 8 | ·/˘/˘/˘· |
| With flowers and dews and streaming light | 8 | ·/···/˘· |
| Already decks the new-born Spring. | 8 | ˘/˘····· |
| O fountain of the golden day, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Could mortal vows promote thy speed, | 8 | ·/˘·˘/·· |
| How soon before thy vernal ray | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Should each unkindly damp recede! | 8 | ··˘/˘·˘/ |
| How soon each hovering tempest fly, | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| Whose stores for mischief arm the sky, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Prompt on our heads to burst amain, | 8 | ··/···˘/ |
| To rend the forest from the steep, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Or, thundering o'er the Baltic deep, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| To whelm the merchant's hopes of gain! | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| But let not man's unequal views | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| Presume o'er Nature and her laws: | 8 | ˘/·/˘··· |
| 'Tis his with grateful joy to use | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| The indulgence of the Sovereign Cause; | 9 | ·˘/˘··/˘· |
| Secure that health and beauty springs | 8 | ˘/···/˘· |
| Through this majestic frame of things, | 8 | ··˘/˘··· |
| Beyond what he can reach to know; | 8 | ········ |
| And that Heaven's all-subduing will, | 9 | ··/˘·˘/˘· |
| With good, the progeny of ill, | 8 | ···/˘˘·· |
| Attempereth every state below. | 9 | ····/˘··· |
| How pleasing wears the wintry night, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Spent with the old illustrious dead! | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| While, by the taper's trembling light, | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| I seem those awful scenes to tread | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Where chiefs or legislators lie, | 8 | ···/˘·˘· |
| Whose triumphs move before my eye, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| In arms and antique pomp array'd; | 8 | ···˘/·˘/ |
| While now I taste the Ionian song, | 10 | ·····˘/˘˘· |
| Now bend to Plato's godlike tongue | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| Resounding through the olive shade. | 8 | ˘/˘··/˘· |
| But should some cheerful, equal friend | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| Bid leave the studious page a while. | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Let mirth on wisdom then attend, | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| And social ease on learned toil. | 8 | ·/˘···˘· |
| Then while, at love's uncareful shrine, | 9 | ········· |
| Each dictates to the god of wine | 8 | ·˘/····· |
| Her name whom all his hopes obey, | 8 | ······˘/ |
| What flattering dreams each bosom warm, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| While absence, heightening every charm, | 8 | ·/˘/˘/˘· |
| Invokes the slow-returning May! | 8 | ˘/··˘/˘· |
| May, thou delight of heaven and earth, | 8 | ··˘/·/·· |
| When will thy genial star arise? | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| The auspicious morn, which gives thee birth, | 9 | ·˘/˘····· |
| Shall bring Eudora to my eyes. | 8 | ··˘/˘··· |
| Within her sylvan haunt, behold, | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| As in the happy garden old, | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| She moves like that primeval fair: | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| Thither, ye silver-sounding lyres, | 8 | /˘·/˘/˘· |
| Ye tender smiles, ye chaste desires, | 9 | ·/˘···˘/˘ |
| Fond hope and mutual faith, repair. | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| And if believing love can read | 8 | ··˘/˘··· |
| His better omens in her eye, | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| Then shall my fears, O charming maid, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| And every pain of absence die: | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Then shall my jocund harp, attuned | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| To thy true ear, with sweeter sound | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Pursue the free Horatian song: | 8 | ˘/··˘/˘· |
| Old Tyne shall listen to my tale, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| And Echo, down the bordering vale, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| The liquid melody prolong. | 8 | ·/˘/˘˘˘/ |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.