For the Winter Solstice, December 11, 1740. as Originally Written

Mark Akenside (1721–1770) · 1744

iambic tetrameter · 60 lines · from The Poetical Works of Mark Akenside

Now to the utmost southern goalThe sun has traced his annual way,And backward now prepares to roll,And bless the north with earlier day.Prone on Potosi's lofty browFloods of sublimer splendour flow,Ripening the latent seeds of gold,Whilst, panting in the lonely shade,Th' afflicted Indian hides his head,Nor dares the blaze of noon behold.

But lo! on this deserted coastHow faint the light, how chill the air!Lo! arm'd with whirlwind, hail, and frost,Fierce Winter desolates the year.The fields resign their cheerful bloom,No more the breezes breathe perfume,No more the warbling waters roll;Deserts of snow fatigue the eye,Successive tempests bloat the sky,And gloomy damps oppress the soul.

But let my drooping genius rise,And hail the sun's remotest ray:Now, now he climbs the northern skies,To-morrow nearer than to-day.Then louder howl the stormy waste,Be land and ocean worse defaced,Yet brighter hours are on the wing,And Fancy, through the wintry gloom,Radiant with dews and flowers in bloom,Already hails th' emerging spring.

O fountain of the golden day!Could mortal vows but urge thy speed,How soon before thy vernal rayShould each unkindly damp recede!How soon each tempest hovering fly,That now fermenting loads the sky,Prompt on our heads to burst amain,To rend the forest from the steep,And thundering o'er the Baltic deep,To whelm the merchant's hopes of gain!

But let not man's imperfect viewsPresume to tax wise Nature's laws;'Tis his with silent joy to useTh' indulgence of the Sovereign Cause;Secure that from the whole of thingsBeauty and good consummate springs,Beyond what he can reach to know;And that the providence of HeavenHas some peculiar blessing givenTo each allotted state below.

Even now how sweet the wintry nightSpent with the old illustrious dead!While, by the taper's trembling light,I seem those awful courts to tread,Where chiefs and legislators lie,Whose triumphs move before my eye,With every laurel fresh display'd;While charm'd I rove in classic song,Or bend to freedom's fearless tongue,Or walk the academic shade.

Words in this poem

splendour n.
Great brightness; brilliant luster; brilliancy; as, the splendor ot the sun. B. Jonson. [L. fr. splendere to shine: cf. F. splendeur.]
bloat v. t.
To make turgid, as with water or air; to cause a swelling of the surface of, from effusion of serum in the cellular tissue, producing a morbid enlargement, often accompanied with softness. [Cf. Icel. blotna to become soft, blautr soft, wet, Sw. blöt soft, blöta to soak; akin to G. bloss bare, and AS. bleát wretched; or perh. fr. root of Eng. 5th bl]
wintry a.
Suitable to winter; resembling winter, or what belongs to winter; brumal; hyemal; cold; stormy; wintery. [AS. wintrig.]
unkindly a.
Not kindly; unkind; ungracious.
amain adv.
With might; with full force; vigorously; violently; exceedingly. [Pref. a- + main. See 2d Main, n.]
thundering a.
Emitting thunder.
whelm v. t.
To cover with water or other fluid; to cover by immersion in something that envelops on all sides; to overwhelm; to ingulf.
presume v. t.
To assume or take beforehand; esp., to do or undertake without leave or authority previously obtained. [F. présumer, L. praesumere, praesumptum; prae before + sumere to take. See Assume, Redeem.]
classic a.
Of or relating to the first class or rank, especially in literature or art. [L. classicus relating to the classes of the Roman people, and especially to the frist class; hence, of the first rank, superior, from classis class: cf. F. clas]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

For the Winter Solstice, December 11, 1740. as Originally Written is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poetical Works of Mark Akenside, Project Gutenberg ebook #9814; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Mark Akenside, For the Winter Solstice, December 11, 1740. as Originally Written, in The Poetical Works of Mark Akenside (1744), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #9814, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/akenside-poems/for-the-winter-solstice-december-11-1740-as-originally-writt.html, id L09499.

Form and metre

For the Winter Solstice, December 11, 1740. as Originally Written is 60 lines in 6 stanzas of 10 lines each. The commonest rhyme scheme is ABABCCDEED, in 2 of the 6 stanzas; the rest vary or could not be confirmed. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 93%). 94% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.3 syllables. 3 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 17% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABAB--C--C goalA · wayB · rollA · dayB · brow · flow · goldC · shade · head · beholdC
  2. 2 -A-ABBCDDC coast · airA · frost · yearA · bloomB · perfumeB · rollC · eyeD · skyD · soulC
  3. 3 ABABCCDEED riseA · rayB · skiesA · dayB · wasteC · defacedC · wingD · gloomE · bloomE · springD
  4. 4 ABABCCDEED dayA · speedB · rayA · recedeB · flyC · skyC · amainD · steepE · deepE · gainD
  5. 5 ABABCCD--D viewsA · lawsB · useA · causeB · thingsC · springsC · knowD · heaven · given · belowD
  6. 6 ABABCCD--D nightA · deadB · lightA · treadB · lieC · eyeC · display'dD · song · tongue · shadeD
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Now to the utmost southern goal8···/·/˘·
The sun has traced his annual way,10····˘·/˘˘·
And backward now prepares to roll,8·/˘·˘/··
And bless the north with earlier day.9·····/˘˘·
Prone on Potosi's lofty brow8·····/˘·
Floods of sublimer splendour flow,8·····/˘·
Ripening the latent seeds of gold,9/˘˘·/˘···
Whilst, panting in the lonely shade,8·/˘··/˘·
Th' afflicted Indian hides his head,9˘/˘/˘˘···
Nor dares the blaze of noon behold.8······˘/
But lo! on this deserted coast8····˘/˘·
How faint the light, how chill the air!8········
Lo! arm'd with whirlwind, hail, and frost,8···/····
Fierce Winter desolates the year.8·/˘/˘˘··
The fields resign their cheerful bloom,8··˘/·/˘·
No more the breezes breathe perfume,8···/˘·˘/
No more the warbling waters roll;9···/˘˘/˘·
Deserts of snow fatigue the eye,8˘/··˘/··
Successive tempests bloat the sky,8˘/˘/˘···
And gloomy damps oppress the soul.8·/˘·˘/··
But let my drooping genius rise,8···/˘/˘·
And hail the sun's remotest ray:8····˘/˘·
Now, now he climbs the northern skies,8·····/˘·
To-morrow nearer than to-day.8·/˘/˘···
Then louder howl the stormy waste,8·/˘··/˘·
Be land and ocean worse defaced,9···/˘·˘/˘
Yet brighter hours are on the wing,9·/˘/˘····
And Fancy, through the wintry gloom,8·/˘··/˘·
Radiant with dews and flowers in bloom,10/˘˘···/˘··
Already hails th' emerging spring.8˘/˘·˘/˘·
O fountain of the golden day!8·/˘··/˘·
Could mortal vows but urge thy speed,8·/˘·····
How soon before thy vernal ray8·····/˘·
Should each unkindly damp recede!8··˘/˘·˘/
How soon each tempest hovering fly,9···/˘/˘˘·
That now fermenting loads the sky,8··˘/˘···
Prompt on our heads to burst amain,9··/˘···˘/
To rend the forest from the steep,8···/˘···
And thundering o'er the Baltic deep,9·/˘˘··/˘·
To whelm the merchant's hopes of gain!8···/˘···
But let not man's imperfect views8····˘/˘·
Presume to tax wise Nature's laws;8˘/···/˘·
'Tis his with silent joy to use8···/˘···
Th' indulgence of the Sovereign Cause;8˘/˘··/˘·
Secure that from the whole of things8˘/······
Beauty and good consummate springs,8/˘··/˘··
Beyond what he can reach to know;8········
And that the providence of Heaven9···/˘˘·/˘
Has some peculiar blessing given9··˘/˘/˘/˘
To each allotted state below.8··˘/˘···
Even now how sweet the wintry night9/˘····/˘·
Spent with the old illustrious dead!9····˘/˘˘·
While, by the taper's trembling light,9···/˘/˘˘·
I seem those awful courts to tread,8···/˘···
Where chiefs and legislators lie,8···/˘·˘·
Whose triumphs move before my eye,8·/˘·····
With every laurel fresh display'd;9·/˘˘/˘·˘/
While charm'd I rove in classic song,8·····/˘·
Or bend to freedom's fearless tongue,8···/˘/˘·
Or walk the academic shade.8····˘/˘·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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