Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen

W. B. Yeats (1865–1939) · 1928

iambic pentameter · 130 lines · from The Tower

Many ingenious lovely things are goneThat seemed sheer miracle to the multitude,Protected from the circle of the moonThat pitches common things about. There stoodAmid the ornamental bronze and stoneAn ancient image made of olive wood--And gone are Phidias’ famous ivoriesAnd all the golden grasshoppers and bees.

We too had many pretty toys when young;A law indifferent to blame or praise,To bribe or threat; habits that made old wrongMelt down, as it were wax in the sun’s rays;Public opinion ripening for so longWe thought it would outlive all future days.O what fine thought we had because we thoughtThat the worst rogues and rascals had died out.

All teeth were drawn, all ancient tricks unlearned,And a great army but a showy thing;What matter that no cannon had been turnedInto a ploughshare; parliament and kingThought that unless a little powder burnedThe trumpeters might burst with trumpetingAnd yet it lack all glory; and perchanceThe guardsmen’s drowsy chargers would not prance.

Now days are dragon-ridden, the nightmareRides upon sleep: a drunken soldieryCan leave the mother, murdered at her door,To crawl in her own blood, and go scot-free;The night can sweat with terror as beforeWe pieced our thoughts into philosophy,And planned to bring the world under a rule,Who are but weasels fighting in a hole.

He who can read the signs nor sink unmannedInto the half-deceit of some intoxicantFrom shallow wits; who knows no work can stand,Whether health, wealth or peace of mind were spentOn master work of intellect or hand,No honour leave its mighty monument,Has but one comfort left: all triumph wouldBut break upon his ghostly solitude.

But is there any comfort to be found?Man is in love and loves what vanishes,What more is there to say? That country roundNone dared admit, if such a thought were his,Incendiary or bigot could be foundTo burn that stump on the Acropolis,Or break in bits the famous ivoriesOr traffic in the grasshoppers or bees?

When Loie Fuller’s Chinese dancers enwoundA shining web, a floating ribbon of cloth,It seemed that a dragon of airHad fallen among dancers, had whirled them roundOr hurried them off on its own furious path;So the platonic yearWhirls out new right and wrong,Whirls in the old instead;All men are dancers and their treadGoes to the barbarous clangour of gong.

Some moralist or mythological poetCompares the solitary soul to a swan;I am satisfied with that,Satisfied if a troubled mirror show itBefore that brief gleam of its life be gone,An image of its state;The wings half spread for flight,The breast thrust out in prideWhether to play, or to rideThose winds that clamour of approaching night.

A man in his own secret meditationIs lost amid the labyrinth that he has madeIn art or politics;Some platonist affirms that in the stationWhere we should cast off body and tradeThe ancient habit sticks,And that if our works couldBut vanish with our breathThat were a lucky death,For triumph can but mar our solitude.

The swan has leaped into the desolate heaven:That image can bring wildness, bring a rageTo end all things, to endWhat my laborious life imagined, evenThe half imagined, the half written page;O but we dreamed to mendWhatever mischief seemedTo afflict mankind, but nowThat winds of winter blowLearn that we were crack-pated when we dreamed.

We, who seven years agoTalked of honour and of truth,Shriek with pleasure if we showThe weasel’s twist, the weasel’s tooth.

Come let us mock at the greatThat had such burdens on the mindAnd toiled so hard and lateTo leave some monument behind,Nor thought of the levelling wind.

Come let us mock at the wise;With all those calendars whereonThey fixed old aching eyes,They never saw how seasons run,And now but gape at the sun.

Come let us mock at the goodThat fancied goodness might be gay,And sick of solitudeMight proclaim a holiday:Wind shrieked--and where are they?

Mock mockers after thatThat would not lift a hand maybeTo help good, wise or greatTo bar that foul storm out, for weTraffic in mockery.

Violence upon the roads: violence of horses;Some few have handsome riders, are garlandedOn delicate sensitive ear or tossing mane,But wearied running round and round in their coursesAll break and vanish, and evil gathers head:Herodias’ daughters have returned againA sudden blast of dusty wind and afterThunder of feet, tumult of images,Their purpose in the labyrinth of the wind;And should some crazy hand dare touch a daughterAll turn with amorous cries, or angry cries,According to the wind, for all are blind.But now wind drops, dust settles; thereuponThere lurches past, his great eyes without thoughtUnder the shadow of stupid straw-pale locks,That insolent fiend Robert ArtissonTo whom the love-lorn Lady Kyteler broughtBronzed peacock feathers, red combs of her cocks.

Words in this poem 27
amid prep.
In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
bribe n.
A gift begged; a present. [F. bribe a lump of bread, scraps, leavings of meals (that are generally given to a beggar), LL. briba scrap of bread; cf. OF. briber, brifer, to eat gluttonousl]
outlive v. t.
To live beyond, or longer than; to survive.
ploughshare n.
The share of a plow, or that part which cuts the slice of earth or sod at the bottom of the furrow. Plowshare bone (Anat.), the pygostyle.
parliament n.
A parleying; a discussion; a conference. [OE. parlement, F. parlement, fr. parler to speak; cf. LL. parlamentum, parliamentum. See Parley.]
trumpeting n.
A channel cut behind the brick lining of a shaft. Raymond.
soldiery n.
A body of soldiers; soldiers, collectivelly; the military.
crawl v. i.
To move slowly by drawing the body along the ground, as a worm; to move slowly on hands and kness; to creep. [Dan. kravle, or Icel. krafla, to paw, scrabble with the hands; akin to Sw. kr to crawl; cf. LG. krabbeln, D. krabbelen to scratch.]
unmanned a.
Etym: [Properly p. p. of unman.]
intoxicant n.
That which intoxicates; an intoxicating agent; as, alcohol, opium, and laughing gas are intoxicants.
wealth n.
Weal; welfare; prosperity; good. [OE. welthe, from wele; cf. D. weelde luxury. See Weal prosperity.]
honour n.
Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence. [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor, honur, onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.]
ghostly a.
Relating to the soul; not carnal or secular; spiritual; as, a ghostly confessor. [OE. gastlich, gostlich, AS. gastlic. See Ghost.]
bigot n.
A hypocrite; esp., a superstitious hypocrite. [F. bigot a bigot or hypocrite, a name once given to the Normans in France. Of unknown origin; possibly akin to Sp. bigote a whisker; hombre de bigote a man of s]
acropolis n.
The upper part, or the citadel, of a Grecian city; especially, the citadel of Athens.
clangour n.
A sharp, harsh, ringing sound. [L., fr. clangere. See Clang, v. t.]
gong n.
A privy or jakes. Chaucer. Gong farmer, Gong man, a cleaner of privies. [AS. gong, gang, a going, passage, drain. See Gang.]
moralist n.
One who moralizes; one who teaches or animadverts upon the duties of life; a writer of essays intended to correct vice and inculcate moral duties. [Cf. F. moraliste.]
mythological a.
Of or pertaining to mythology or to myths; mythical; fabulous. [L. mythologicus: cf. F. mytholigique.]
clamour n.
A great outcry or vociferation; loud and continued shouting or exclamation. [OF. clamour, clamur, F. clameur, fr. L. clamor, fr. clamare to cry out. See Claim.]
platonist n.
One who adheres to the philosophy of Plato; a follower of Plato. Hammond.
afflict v. t.
To strike or cast down; to overthrow. [L. afflictus, p. p. of affigere to cast down, deject; ad + fligere to strike: cf. OF. aflit, afflict, p. p. Cf. Flagellate.]
whereon adv.
On which; -- used relatively; as, the earth whereon we live.
aching a.
That aches; continuously painful. See Ache.
maybe adv.
Perhaps; possibly; peradventure. [For it may be.]
angry a.
Troublesome; vexatious; rigorous. [See Anger.]
thereupon adv.
Upon that or this; thereon.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen is in the public domain. This text is taken from The tower, Project Gutenberg ebook #72985; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: W. B. Yeats, Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen, in The Tower (1928), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #72985, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/yeats-tower/nineteen-hundred-and-nineteen.html, id L19967.

Form and metre

Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen is 130 lines in 16 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 84%).

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ---A-ABB gone · multitude · moon · stoodA · stone · woodA · ivoriesB · beesB
  2. 2 -ABABA-- young · praiseA · wrongB · raysA · longB · daysA · thought · out
  3. 3 ABABABCC unlearnedA · thingB · turnedA · kingB · burnedA · trumpetingB · perchanceC · pranceC
  4. 4 --A-A--- nightmare · soldiery · doorA · free · beforeA · philosophy · rule · hole
  5. 5 ABABAB-- unmannedA · intoxicantB · standA · spentB · handA · monumentB · would · solitude
  6. 6 ABABA-BB foundA · vanishesB · roundA · hisB · foundA · acropolis · ivoriesB · beesB
  7. 7 A-BA-BCDDC enwoundA · cloth · airB · roundA · path · yearB · wrongC · insteadD · treadD · gongC
  8. 8 ABAAB-CDDC poetA · swanB · thatA · itA · goneB · state · flightC · prideD · rideD · nightC
  9. 9 ABCABC-DD- meditationA · madeB · politicsC · stationA · tradeB · sticksC · could · breathD · deathD · solitude
  10. 10 -AB-ABC--C heaven · rageA · endB · even · pageA · mendB · seemedC · now · blow · dreamedC
  11. 11 ABAB agoA · truthB · showA · toothB
  12. 12 ABABB greatA · mindB · lateA · behindB · windB
  13. 13 A-ABB wiseA · whereon · eyesA · runB · sunB
  14. 14 -A-AA good · gayA · solitude · holidayA · theyA
  15. 16 ABCABC-DE-DE-FG-FG horsesA · garlandedB · maneC · coursesA · headB · againC · after · imagesD · windE · daughter · criesD · blindE · thereupon · thoughtF · locksG · artisson · broughtF · cocksG
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Many ingenious lovely things are gone10/˘˘/˘/˘···
That seemed sheer miracle to the multitude,10···/˘··/˘·
Protected from the circle of the moon10˘/˘··/˘···
That pitches common things about. There stood10·/˘/˘·····
Amid the ornamental bronze and stone10˘/··˘/˘···
An ancient image made of olive wood--10·/˘/˘··/˘·
And gone are Phidias’ famous ivories10·····/˘/˘˘
And all the golden grasshoppers and bees.10···/˘/·˘··
We too had many pretty toys when young;10···/˘/˘···
A law indifferent to blame or praise,9··˘/˘····
To bribe or threat; habits that made old wrong10····/˘····
Melt down, as it were wax in the sun’s rays;10··········
Public opinion ripening for so long10/˘˘/˘/˘···
We thought it would outlive all future days.10·····/·/˘·
O what fine thought we had because we thought10··········
That the worst rogues and rascals had died out.10·····/˘···
All teeth were drawn, all ancient tricks unlearned,11·····/˘·˘/˘
And a great army but a showy thing;10···/˘··/˘·
What matter that no cannon had been turned10·/˘··/˘···
Into a ploughshare; parliament and king10···/˘/˘˘··
Thought that unless a little powder burned10·····/˘/˘·
The trumpeters might burst with trumpeting10·/˘˘···/˘˘
And yet it lack all glory; and perchance10·····/˘·˘/
The guardsmen’s drowsy chargers would not prance.10·/˘/˘/˘···
Now days are dragon-ridden, the nightmare10···/˘/˘·/·
Rides upon sleep: a drunken soldiery10·····/˘/˘˘
Can leave the mother, murdered at her door,10···/˘/˘···
To crawl in her own blood, and go scot-free;10··········
The night can sweat with terror as before10·····/˘···
We pieced our thoughts into philosophy,11··/˘···˘/˘˘
And planned to bring the world under a rule,10··········
Who are but weasels fighting in a hole.10···/˘/˘···
He who can read the signs nor sink unmanned10········˘/
Into the half-deceit of some intoxicant12····˘/··˘/˘˘
From shallow wits; who knows no work can stand,10·/˘·······
Whether health, wealth or peace of mind were spent10··········
On master work of intellect or hand,10·/˘··/˘···
No honour leave its mighty monument,10·/˘··/˘/˘˘
Has but one comfort left: all triumph would10···/˘··/˘·
But break upon his ghostly solitude.10·····/˘/˘·
But is there any comfort to be found?10···/˘/˘···
Man is in love and loves what vanishes,10·······/˘˘
What more is there to say? That country round10·······/˘·
None dared admit, if such a thought were his,10··˘/······
Incendiary or bigot could be found10˘/˘˘·/˘···
To burn that stump on the Acropolis,10······˘/˘˘
Or break in bits the famous ivories10·····/˘/˘˘
Or traffic in the grasshoppers or bees?10·/˘··/·˘··
When Loie Fuller’s Chinese dancers enwound10··/˘˘//˘··
A shining web, a floating ribbon of cloth,11·/˘··/˘/˘··
It seemed that a dragon of air9··˘··/˘··
Had fallen among dancers, had whirled them round11·/˘··/˘····
Or hurried them off on its own furious path;11·/˘·····/˘·
So the platonic year6··˘/˘·
Whirls out new right and wrong,6······
Whirls in the old instead;6····˘/
All men are dancers and their tread8···/˘···
Goes to the barbarous clangour of gong.10···/˘˘····
Some moralist or mythological poet11·/˘··˘/˘˘/˘
Compares the solitary soul to a swan;11˘/·/˘·˘····
I am satisfied with that,7··/˘···
Satisfied if a troubled mirror show it11/˘···/˘/˘··
Before that brief gleam of its life be gone,10··········
An image of its state;6·/˘···
The wings half spread for flight,6······
The breast thrust out in pride6······
Whether to play, or to ride7·······
Those winds that clamour of approaching night.10···/˘·˘/˘·
A man in his own secret meditation11·····/˘·˘/˘
Is lost amid the labyrinth that he has made12··˘/·/˘·····
In art or politics;6···/˘·
Some platonist affirms that in the station11·/˘˘˘/···/˘
Where we should cast off body and trade9·····/˘··
The ancient habit sticks,6·/˘/˘·
And that if our works could7···/˘··
But vanish with our breath7·/˘·/˘·
That were a lucky death,6···/˘·
For triumph can but mar our solitude.10·/˘···//˘·
The swan has leaped into the desolate heaven:10·······/˘/
That image can bring wildness, bring a rage10·/˘··/˘···
To end all things, to end6······
What my laborious life imagined, even10··˘/˘·˘/˘/
The half imagined, the half written page;10··˘/˘··/˘·
O but we dreamed to mend6······
Whatever mischief seemed6·/˘/˘·
To afflict mankind, but now7·˘///··
That winds of winter blow6···/˘·
Learn that we were crack-pated when we dreamed.10·····/˘···
We, who seven years ago7··/˘·˘/
Talked of honour and of truth,7··/˘···
Shriek with pleasure if we show7··/˘···
The weasel’s twist, the weasel’s tooth.8·/˘··/˘·
Come let us mock at the great7·······
That had such burdens on the mind8···/˘···
And toiled so hard and late6······
To leave some monument behind,8···/˘˘··
Nor thought of the levelling wind.8····˘/˘·
Come let us mock at the wise;7·······
With all those calendars whereon8···/˘˘˘/
They fixed old aching eyes,6···/˘·
They never saw how seasons run,8·/˘··/˘·
And now but gape at the sun.7·······
Come let us mock at the good7·······
That fancied goodness might be gay,8·/˘/˘···
And sick of solitude6···/˘·
Might proclaim a holiday:7·˘/·/˘·
Wind shrieked--and where are they?6······
Mock mockers after that6······
That would not lift a hand maybe8······/˘
To help good, wise or great6······
To bar that foul storm out, for we8········
Traffic in mockery.6/˘·/˘˘
Violence upon the roads: violence of horses;11/˘····/˘·/˘
Some few have handsome riders, are garlanded11···/˘/˘·/˘˘
On delicate sensitive ear or tossing mane,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
But wearied running round and round in their courses12·/˘/˘·····/˘
All break and vanish, and evil gathers head:10···/˘·//˘·
Herodias’ daughters have returned again10···/˘·˘/˘/
A sudden blast of dusty wind and after11·/˘··/˘····
Thunder of feet, tumult of images,10/˘··/˘·/˘˘
Their purpose in the labyrinth of the wind;11·/˘··/˘····
And should some crazy hand dare touch a daughter11···/˘····/˘
All turn with amorous cries, or angry cries,10···/˘··/˘·
According to the wind, for all are blind.10˘/˘·······
But now wind drops, dust settles; thereupon10·····/˘·˘/
There lurches past, his great eyes without thought10·/˘·······
Under the shadow of stupid straw-pale locks,11···/··/˘···
That insolent fiend Robert Artisson10·/˘˘·/˘···
To whom the love-lorn Lady Kyteler brought11·····/˘····
Bronzed peacock feathers, red combs of her cocks.10·/·/˘·····

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